Chapter 8 IT Project Manager

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Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

3.4

_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.

Appraisal cost

_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes

CMMI

_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.

Conformance to requirements

_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.

Design of experiments

_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users.

Features

_____ means that a product can be used as it was intended.

Fitness for use

_____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

Functionality

_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.

ISO 9000

_____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.

Pareto charts

_____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use.

Performance

In TQC, product quality is more important than production rates, and workers are allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs.

T

An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

analyze

A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.

defect

Important tools used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.

define

A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management.

metric

Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management.

planning quality management

The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.

quality control

The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems.

six 9s of quality rule

Frameworks for helping organizations improve their processes and system are called Six Sigma charts.​

F

Integration testing involves testing of each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

F

Testing as a stage is important only at the end of an information technology product development.

F

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the quality assurance process.

F

_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

Benchmarking

A run chart is a bar graph that depicts data points and their order of occurrence.

F

Customer requirements are an important aspect of the quality planning process.

F

DeMarco and Lister's study on organizations and productivity found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary.

F

Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.

T

The quality assurance process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the project's life cycle.

T

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

User acceptance testing

One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that:

an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.

A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

control chart

Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.

executing

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management.

monitoring and controlling

A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

unit test


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