Chapter 8 IT Project Manager
Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.
3.4
_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.
Appraisal cost
_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes
CMMI
_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.
Conformance to requirements
_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.
Design of experiments
_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users.
Features
_____ means that a product can be used as it was intended.
Fitness for use
_____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.
Functionality
_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.
ISO 9000
_____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.
Pareto charts
_____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use.
Performance
In TQC, product quality is more important than production rates, and workers are allowed to stop production whenever a quality problem occurs.
T
An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.
analyze
A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.
defect
Important tools used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.
define
A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management.
metric
Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management.
planning quality management
The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.
quality control
The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems.
six 9s of quality rule
Frameworks for helping organizations improve their processes and system are called Six Sigma charts.
F
Integration testing involves testing of each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.
F
Testing as a stage is important only at the end of an information technology product development.
F
Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the quality assurance process.
F
_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.
Benchmarking
A run chart is a bar graph that depicts data points and their order of occurrence.
F
Customer requirements are an important aspect of the quality planning process.
F
DeMarco and Lister's study on organizations and productivity found direct correlations between productivity and programming language, years of experience, and salary.
F
Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.
T
The quality assurance process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the project's life cycle.
T
____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.
User acceptance testing
One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that:
an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.
A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.
control chart
Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.
executing
Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management.
monitoring and controlling
A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.
unit test
