AP World History - Chapter 14 - The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

What were some political characteristics of Vietnamese society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Educated bureaucracy (C) - Peasant uprisings - Nguyen and Trinn split - Capitals at Hanoi and Hue

What were some economic characteristics of Korean society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Feudal system - Strong commercial class - Guild organizations - Strong rural communities - Primogeniture

What were some cultural characteristics of Korean society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Poems, first novel (The Tale of Genji) - Chinese-derived language (C) - Ink sketches, screen and scroll paintings - Pavilions and temples - Gardens influenced by Shintoism and Buddhism

What were some social characteristics of Korean society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (C).

- Rigid class barriers (warrior elite, serf-like peasantry) - Warrior code featuring Seppuku (C) (Ritual suicide) - Restless peasantry ==> Revolts - Commercial women gained rights while their elite counterparts lost them

What were some political characteristics of Korean society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Small states led by Bushi who controlled the Samurai - Imperial households and a court aristocracy - Educated bureaucracy (C)

What were some social characteristics of Vietnamese society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Women hated Confucian patriarchy - Scholar-gentry (C), although it did have less prestige than it's Chinese counterpart - Peasantry was appeased

What was Heian/Kyoto?

Japan's capital city

Who were samurai?

Mounted troops loyal to the Bushi, not the emperor.

What was the Koryo dynasty?

The dynasty that followed the rule of the Silla monarchs in Korea.

What is sinification?

The extensive adoption of Chinese culture in other regions.

How did the Heian rulers break from Chinese influence in Japan?

They determined rank solely by birth and were unable to build a peasant conscript army.

What were some economic characteristics of Vietnamese society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Agricultural economy - Produced ivory pearls, peacock feathers, etc for trade with China

What were some religious characteristics of Vietnamese society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Buddhism - Confucianism (C) - Buddhism grew under the support of the government who wanted to appease the peasants

What were some religious characteristics of Korean society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Buddhism, peasants - Confucianism, gov., edu., (C) - Mix of Buddhist deities and Kami (C) - Buddhist monasteries cooperated with the aristocrats

What were some cultural characteristics of Vietnamese society? Note any major Chinese influence with a (c).

- Distinct ethnicity - "repulsive" rituals, distinct art - Women had considerable rights - Confucian education (C) - Poetry

What were the Taika reforms?

An attempt to remake the Japanese monarch into an absolute, Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and a peasant conscript army

What was courtly life like in the Heian Era?

Courtly life was extremely refined and focused on social status, luxury, high literature, and women expressing themselves.

What happened to Ly Van Phuc when he visited Beijing? How did he respond? How does this story represent a microcosm of the relationships between China and its neighbors, and China's influence on its neighbors.

He saw a sign that labeled the Vietnamese as "barbaric". After initial outrage, he then created a treatise explaining how he believe the Vietnamese had been mislabeled. This shows the attraction and resistance between China and its neighbors

Who were the Khmers/Chams?

Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; involved in intermarriage with the Viets, but were also their greatest adversaries.

Who were bushi?

Regional warrior leaders in Japan

Why did the feudal system begin to break down in Japan? How did the daimyo try to stabilize village life? How were women affected by this?

The feudal system began to break down because poorly-trained peasants had to fight which led to chaos and suffering. Responding to the chaotic peasantry, the daimyo introduced taxes, supported irrigation systems and infrastructure, and built strong rural communities which led to great economic and cultural growth. That growth led to commercial women gaining rights while their warrior class counterparts lost them.

Explain the feudal system that developed in Japan. How does it compare with feudalism in Europe?

The feudal system in Japan was highly militaristic and featured aristocratic lords who controlled the peasants, two qualities that the European feudal system shared. However, Japan had mostly non-contractual agreements and its feudal legacy had less of an institutionalized group consciousness.

What was the Ashikaga Shogunate?

The government that replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan.

Who were the Trung sisters?

The leaders of on of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam.

What were the Shoguns?

The military leaders of the bafuku (military government in Japan)

What were the key aspects of Chinese culture and organization that the Japanese imported in the early imperial era. Why didn't these succeed?

They tried to implement an absolute emperor, a professional bureaucracy, and a peasant conscript army. They didn't succeed due to resistance from the aristocratic families and the Buddhist monastic orders.

Describe the literary and artistic advancements in Japan and how were the influence by China.

Using a language much like a simplified Chinese, Japan produced the world's first novel, The Tale of Genji, which was written by a woman. In addition to literature, Japanese paintings and scrolls closely mirror their Chinese counterparts. However, Japan had unique ink sketches, architecture, and gardens. Their gardens were influenced by both Buddhism and Shintoism.

What were the Gempei wars?

War waged for five years between the Taira and Minimoto families; resulted in the destruction of Taira

What were Daimyos?

Warlord rulers of 300 small states following the civil war and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate.

Describe the role of the following in the decline of the Heian rulers: Fujiwara family, warrior elites, samurai.

When aristocratic families like the Fujiwara, teamed up with Buddhist monastic orders, they limited imperial power. The rise of warrior elites strengthened/created mini-states completely independent of imperial control. The rise of the samurai led to peasants converting to Buddhism.