AP2 Lab exam 3
what are the functional differences between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone
The conducting zone transports air, warms it, humidifies it, and filters it. The respiratory zone contains alveoli, through which gas exchange occurs.
liver secretes
bile salts
amount of air forcibly inspired after a tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume (m 3000 mL, f 1900 mL)
amount of air remaining in the lungs after expiration of the expiratory reserve volume
residual volume (m 1100, f 1200)
salivary amylase source
salivary glands
total amount of exchangeable air with pulmonary ventilation
vital capacity (m 4800 f 3100)
pepsin source
cheif cells of the stomach
pancreatic lipase source
pancreas
trypsin source
pancreas
amylase digests
starch
pulmonary gas exchange is best defined as
the movement of gases across the respiratory membrane
The final passages of the respiratory zone, which have walls made of alveoli, are called
alveolar ducts
system by which carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer the blood and resist changes in pH
carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of water and CO2 into carbonic acid; also catalyzes the reverse reaction
carbonic anhydrase
brush border enzyme function
catalyze reactions that break disaccharides into monosaccharides
trypsin function
catalyze reactions that break polypeptides into small polypeptides and peptides
pepsin function
catalyzes reactions that break proteins into polypeptides
salivary amylase function
catalyzes reactions that break starch into oligosaccharides
maximum amount of air remaining in the lungs after a tidal expansion
functional residual capacity (m 2400 f 1800)
bile is helpful in preparing ____ for digestion
lipids
clusters of bile salts, digested lipids, and other non-polar substances that escort lipids and to enterocytes are called
micelles
henry accidentally inhales a fragment of a carrot, and it lodges deep in his respiratory tract, in the respiratory bronchioles of his right lower lobe. Trace the pathway the piece of carrot had to take from his mouth to his respiratory bronchiole.
mouth, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, right primary bronchus, right inferior secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, bronchial tree, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole
the lungs elastic recoil is responsible for
passive expiration
lugol's test are used to detect
presence of starch
which of the following correctly describes the relationship of pressure and volume according to Boyle's law
pressure and volume are inversely proportional
enzymes that break apart proteins are termed
protease enzymes
the folds of the stomach are known as
rugae
pleural cavity contains a thin layer of ___, which functions to ___?
serous fluid; reduce friction as the lungs change shape and size
which of the following is not a trend we find in the respiratory tract
the epithelium gradually increases in height as we move deeper to the respiratory tract
the carrot has caused inflammation around the alveoli in the affected area, which has collapsed the alveoli. How would this affect his ability to exchange gases?
the grapelike structure of the alveoli provides a hige surface area for gas exchange. When the alveoli collapse, surface area decreases drastically, giving far less surface area for gas exchange.
what are the key differences between a restrictive and obstructive disease
a restrictive disease reduces lung distensibility, making inspiration difficult. an obstructive disease increases airway resistance, making expiration difficult.
the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that breaks down carbohydrates is
amylase
CO2 is transported through the blood primarily as ___ ___, due to a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme ___ ___.
bicarbonate ions, carbonic anhydrase
principle stating that the pressure and volume of a container are inversely proportional - as pressure increases, volume decreases
boyle's law
pancreatic lipase function
catalyzes reactions that break triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides
brush border enzymes source
enterocytes of the small intestine mucosa
amount of air forcible expired after a tidal inspiration
expiratory reserve volume (m 1100 mL, f 700mL)
t/f bile is produced by the gallbladder
f - bile is stored by the gall bladder
the longest segment of the small intestine is the duodenum
f - ileum
t/f the pyloric sphincter regulates flow from the esophagus to the stomach
f - the pyloric sphincter regulates flow from the stomach to the duodenum
t/f the mesentery is a double fold of parietal peritoneum
f - visceral
the superior vocal folds are the true vocal cords
false; inferior
the left primary bronchus is shorter, straighter and wider than the right primary bronchus
false; right, left
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down
fat
the condition of crohn's disease is a disease of the immune system that results in inflammation of different parts of the digestive tract. one of the most commonly affected sites is the small intestine, resulting in loss of intestinal villi. how would this affect the functions of the small intestine? predict the symptoms of this form of crohn's disease
intestinal villi increase the surface area available for absorption. when the villi are destroyed in crohn's disease, fewer nutrients and less water are absorbed, resulting in diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and nutrient defiencies.
amount of air exchanged with normal, quiet ventilation (f/m 500 mL)
tidal volume
total amount of air exchangeable with pulmonary ventilation and the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum expiration
total lung capacity (m 6000 f 4200)
bronchioles are passages of the respiratory tract that are less than 1 mm in diameter
true
t/f circumvallate papillae are located at the posterior tongue and house taste buds
true
t/f the 3 smooth muscle layers of the stomach allow it to perform churning motions
true
t/f; the paranasal sinuses filter warm, and humidify inhaled air
true
t/f; the trachea is lined with C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
true