AP2 Lab exam 3

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what are the functional differences between the conducting zone and the respiratory zone

The conducting zone transports air, warms it, humidifies it, and filters it. The respiratory zone contains alveoli, through which gas exchange occurs.

liver secretes

bile salts

amount of air forcibly inspired after a tidal volume

inspiratory reserve volume (m 3000 mL, f 1900 mL)

amount of air remaining in the lungs after expiration of the expiratory reserve volume

residual volume (m 1100, f 1200)

salivary amylase source

salivary glands

total amount of exchangeable air with pulmonary ventilation

vital capacity (m 4800 f 3100)

pepsin source

cheif cells of the stomach

pancreatic lipase source

pancreas

trypsin source

pancreas

amylase digests

starch

pulmonary gas exchange is best defined as

the movement of gases across the respiratory membrane

The final passages of the respiratory zone, which have walls made of alveoli, are called

alveolar ducts

system by which carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer the blood and resist changes in pH

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of water and CO2 into carbonic acid; also catalyzes the reverse reaction

carbonic anhydrase

brush border enzyme function

catalyze reactions that break disaccharides into monosaccharides

trypsin function

catalyze reactions that break polypeptides into small polypeptides and peptides

pepsin function

catalyzes reactions that break proteins into polypeptides

salivary amylase function

catalyzes reactions that break starch into oligosaccharides

maximum amount of air remaining in the lungs after a tidal expansion

functional residual capacity (m 2400 f 1800)

bile is helpful in preparing ____ for digestion

lipids

clusters of bile salts, digested lipids, and other non-polar substances that escort lipids and to enterocytes are called

micelles

henry accidentally inhales a fragment of a carrot, and it lodges deep in his respiratory tract, in the respiratory bronchioles of his right lower lobe. Trace the pathway the piece of carrot had to take from his mouth to his respiratory bronchiole.

mouth, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, right primary bronchus, right inferior secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, bronchial tree, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole

the lungs elastic recoil is responsible for

passive expiration

lugol's test are used to detect

presence of starch

which of the following correctly describes the relationship of pressure and volume according to Boyle's law

pressure and volume are inversely proportional

enzymes that break apart proteins are termed

protease enzymes

the folds of the stomach are known as

rugae

pleural cavity contains a thin layer of ___, which functions to ___?

serous fluid; reduce friction as the lungs change shape and size

which of the following is not a trend we find in the respiratory tract

the epithelium gradually increases in height as we move deeper to the respiratory tract

the carrot has caused inflammation around the alveoli in the affected area, which has collapsed the alveoli. How would this affect his ability to exchange gases?

the grapelike structure of the alveoli provides a hige surface area for gas exchange. When the alveoli collapse, surface area decreases drastically, giving far less surface area for gas exchange.

what are the key differences between a restrictive and obstructive disease

a restrictive disease reduces lung distensibility, making inspiration difficult. an obstructive disease increases airway resistance, making expiration difficult.

the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that breaks down carbohydrates is

amylase

CO2 is transported through the blood primarily as ___ ___, due to a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme ___ ___.

bicarbonate ions, carbonic anhydrase

principle stating that the pressure and volume of a container are inversely proportional - as pressure increases, volume decreases

boyle's law

pancreatic lipase function

catalyzes reactions that break triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides

brush border enzymes source

enterocytes of the small intestine mucosa

amount of air forcible expired after a tidal inspiration

expiratory reserve volume (m 1100 mL, f 700mL)

t/f bile is produced by the gallbladder

f - bile is stored by the gall bladder

the longest segment of the small intestine is the duodenum

f - ileum

t/f the pyloric sphincter regulates flow from the esophagus to the stomach

f - the pyloric sphincter regulates flow from the stomach to the duodenum

t/f the mesentery is a double fold of parietal peritoneum

f - visceral

the superior vocal folds are the true vocal cords

false; inferior

the left primary bronchus is shorter, straighter and wider than the right primary bronchus

false; right, left

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down

fat

the condition of crohn's disease is a disease of the immune system that results in inflammation of different parts of the digestive tract. one of the most commonly affected sites is the small intestine, resulting in loss of intestinal villi. how would this affect the functions of the small intestine? predict the symptoms of this form of crohn's disease

intestinal villi increase the surface area available for absorption. when the villi are destroyed in crohn's disease, fewer nutrients and less water are absorbed, resulting in diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and nutrient defiencies.

amount of air exchanged with normal, quiet ventilation (f/m 500 mL)

tidal volume

total amount of air exchangeable with pulmonary ventilation and the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximum expiration

total lung capacity (m 6000 f 4200)

bronchioles are passages of the respiratory tract that are less than 1 mm in diameter

true

t/f circumvallate papillae are located at the posterior tongue and house taste buds

true

t/f the 3 smooth muscle layers of the stomach allow it to perform churning motions

true

t/f; the paranasal sinuses filter warm, and humidify inhaled air

true

t/f; the trachea is lined with C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

true


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