AP2-WISE-LECTURE EXAM 4
Angiotensin II has what effect on the CNS? (Module 24.9C)
Angiotensin II triggers CNS responses including increasing thirst, increasing ADH production and increasing sympathetic motor tone.
The gradual modification of anatomical structures during the period from conception to maturity is
development
The first stage of labor is the ________ stage.
dilation
A child born with one lone X chromosome will have
Turner's syndrome
Define vasectomy. (Module 26.16C)
Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of males by cutting the ductus deferens.
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,
both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?
collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
Which of the following descriptions does not describe a function of the nephron loop?
enables production of hypotonic urine
The ________ is the inner lining of the uterus.
endometrium
Spermatozoa functionally mature within the
epididymis.
A zygote whose genotype is XX will develop as a
female
The outermost layer of the kidney is the
fibrous capsule
Identify the three distinct processes of urine formation in the kidney. (Module 24.7A)
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
The period of gestation when the rudiments of all major organ systems are established is the ________ trimester.
first
An X-ray image of the urinary system is called a
pyelogram
The external marking of the boundary between the two testes is the
raphe
The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed
renal failure.
Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called
renal pyramids.
The ________ is a fleshy pouch suspended below the perineum and anterior to the anus.
scrotum
The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called
secondary spermatocytes.
Sperm production occurs in the
seminiferous tubules
Describe filtrate. (Module 24.4A)
similar to blood plasma without proteins
Which is an example of codominance of inheritance?
structure of albumin
After 3 days, a pre-embryo becomes a solid ball of cells known as a
morula.
The mesoderm forms
muscle
The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the
myometrium
The functional unit of the kidney is the
nephron
Which segment of the nephron is solely involved in the reabsorption of water and sodium and chloride ions? (Module 24.7C)
nephron loop
The ectoderm forms
neural tissues
Which of the following does not occur during the first trimester?
organs become functional
Which hormone stimulates the milk let-down reflex?
oxytocin
The ________ is the outer lining of the uterus.
perimetrium
Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by
peristaltic contractions
Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except
phagocytosis.
The traits of an individual controlled by his or her genotype are his or he
phenotype.
The placenta is expelled from the uterus during the ________ stage of labor.
placental
What roles do the ovaries perform? (Module 26.9B)
produce oocytes, secrete female sex hormones, secrete inhibin
If you have to urinate, but have to "hold it" until you can find a bathroom, what structure are you "holding it" with?
the external urethral sphincter
The inability to urinate is termed
urinary retention
Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the
uterine tube
The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.
vesa recta
The embryonic heart starts beating as blood begins to flow through chorionic vessels at approximately ________ of development.
week 3
When does urine production end? (Module 24.15A)
when the fluid enters the renal pelvis
Fertilization is complete when which of the follow occurs?
amphimixis and cleavage
Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?
ascending limb of the nephron loop
The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called
meiosis.
The onset of the first uterine cycle is called
menarche
Molly is homozygous for the dominant black hair trait. Therefore,
molly has black hair
After fertilization, the first cell division is completed
more than a day later
A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.
1200ML
How many chromosomes are contained within a human zygote? (Module 27.2B)
46
How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?
46
Why does a mother's blood volume increase during pregnancy? (Module 27.9B)
A mother's blood volume increases to accommodate for flow through the placenta.
Define dialysis. (Module 24.14B)
Dialysis is the process of using an artificial semipermeable membrane to remove wastes and retain plasma proteins in the blood of a person whose kidneys are not functioning properly.
Trisomy 21 is the clinical term for
Down syndrome
________ is the time spent in growing within the uterus.
Gestation
All of the following occur at puberty except
GnRH levels decline.
What effect would increased amounts of aldosterone have on the K+ concentration in urine? (Module 24.10B)
It would increase the K+ concentration in urine because Na+ is retained.
The reproductive system does not include
None of the answers is correct.
Define oocyte. (Module 26.10A)
Oocyte is an immature female gamete.
Define organogenesis.
Organogenesis is the process of organ formation.
Define spermatogenesis.
Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm using mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis.
How can you tell that the karyotype shown here is male? (Module 27.14C)
The 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY.
Compare the minor and major calyces. (Module 24.3B)
The minor calyces collect urine from a single lobe and the major calyces collect urine from 4-5 minor calyces.
Describe the placenta. (Module 27.5C)
The placenta forms the interface between the embryonic/fetal system and the maternal system.
By the end of gestation, which of the following has not occurred?
The uterus has increased in size by 10 fold.
Define the vasa recta. (Module 24.5C)
The vasa recta are long, straight capillaries that that parallel the nephron loop.
A glomerulus is
a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.
List the structures of a sperm. (Module 26.3C)
acrosome, head, neck, middle piece, and tail
Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the
adrenal glands.
The various forms of any one gene are called
alleles.
A space opens within the inner cell mass that will form the
amniotic cavity.
The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the
glomerular filtration rate.
The process of filtration is driven by
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
The process of filtration occurs at the
glomerulus.
The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the DNA.
head
Which of the following traits is a sex-linked inheritance?
hemophilia
The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the
hilum.
The ________ method of birth control involves taking either combination estrogen/progesterone birth control pills or progesterone-only pills in two large doses 12 hours apart within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse.
hormonal post-coital contraception
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
The ________ is an opening through which the spermatic cord passes.
inguinal canal
The primary role of FSH in males is to
initiate sperm production in the testes
The male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems?
integumentary
Testosterone is secreted by the
interstitial cells.
Put the following urinary structures in order as urine is produced and eliminated from the body
kidney , ureter , urinary bladder,urethra
The production of milk is called
lactation
The endoderm forms
the urinary bladder.
A fetus undergoes its largest absolute weight gain during which trimester? (Module 27.8C)
third trimester
Oxygenated blood is carried away from the placenta by the
umbilical vein
The most abundant waste solute in urine is
urea
Urine is transported by the ________, stored within the ________, and eliminated through the ________. (Module 24.16A)
ureters; urinary bladder; urethra
