AP2-WISE-LECTURE EXAM 4

Angiotensin II has what effect on the CNS? (Module 24.9C)

Angiotensin II triggers CNS responses including increasing thirst, increasing ADH production and increasing sympathetic motor tone.

The gradual modification of anatomical structures during the period from conception to maturity is

development

The first stage of labor is the ________ stage.

dilation

A child born with one lone X chromosome will have

Turner's syndrome

Define vasectomy. (Module 26.16C)

Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of males by cutting the ductus deferens.

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Which of the following descriptions does not describe a function of the nephron loop?

enables production of hypotonic urine

The ________ is the inner lining of the uterus.

endometrium

Spermatozoa functionally mature within the

epididymis.

A zygote whose genotype is XX will develop as a

female

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Identify the three distinct processes of urine formation in the kidney. (Module 24.7A)

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

The period of gestation when the rudiments of all major organ systems are established is the ________ trimester.

first

An X-ray image of the urinary system is called a

pyelogram

The external marking of the boundary between the two testes is the

raphe

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed

renal failure.

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

renal pyramids.

The ________ is a fleshy pouch suspended below the perineum and anterior to the anus.

scrotum

The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called

secondary spermatocytes.

Sperm production occurs in the

seminiferous tubules

Describe filtrate. (Module 24.4A)

similar to blood plasma without proteins

Which is an example of codominance of inheritance?

structure of albumin

After 3 days, a pre-embryo becomes a solid ball of cells known as a

morula.

The mesoderm forms

muscle

The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the

myometrium

The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

Which segment of the nephron is solely involved in the reabsorption of water and sodium and chloride ions? (Module 24.7C)

nephron loop

The ectoderm forms

neural tissues

Which of the following does not occur during the first trimester?

organs become functional

Which hormone stimulates the milk let-down reflex?

oxytocin

The ________ is the outer lining of the uterus.

perimetrium

Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by

peristaltic contractions

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except

phagocytosis.

The traits of an individual controlled by his or her genotype are his or he

phenotype.

The placenta is expelled from the uterus during the ________ stage of labor.

placental

What roles do the ovaries perform? (Module 26.9B)

produce oocytes, secrete female sex hormones, secrete inhibin

If you have to urinate, but have to "hold it" until you can find a bathroom, what structure are you "holding it" with?

the external urethral sphincter

The inability to urinate is termed

urinary retention

Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the

uterine tube

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

vesa recta

The embryonic heart starts beating as blood begins to flow through chorionic vessels at approximately ________ of development.

week 3

When does urine production end? (Module 24.15A)

when the fluid enters the renal pelvis

Fertilization is complete when which of the follow occurs?

amphimixis and cleavage

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

ascending limb of the nephron loop

The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called

meiosis.

The onset of the first uterine cycle is called

menarche

Molly is homozygous for the dominant black hair trait. Therefore,

molly has black hair

After fertilization, the first cell division is completed

more than a day later

A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.

1200ML

How many chromosomes are contained within a human zygote? (Module 27.2B)

46

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?

46

Why does a mother's blood volume increase during pregnancy? (Module 27.9B)

A mother's blood volume increases to accommodate for flow through the placenta.

Define dialysis. (Module 24.14B)

Dialysis is the process of using an artificial semipermeable membrane to remove wastes and retain plasma proteins in the blood of a person whose kidneys are not functioning properly.

Trisomy 21 is the clinical term for

Down syndrome

________ is the time spent in growing within the uterus.

Gestation

All of the following occur at puberty except

GnRH levels decline.

What effect would increased amounts of aldosterone have on the K+ concentration in urine? (Module 24.10B)

It would increase the K+ concentration in urine because Na+ is retained.

The reproductive system does not include

None of the answers is correct.

Define oocyte. (Module 26.10A)

Oocyte is an immature female gamete.

Define organogenesis.

Organogenesis is the process of organ formation.

Define spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm using mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis.

How can you tell that the karyotype shown here is male? (Module 27.14C)

The 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY.

Compare the minor and major calyces. (Module 24.3B)

The minor calyces collect urine from a single lobe and the major calyces collect urine from 4-5 minor calyces.

Describe the placenta. (Module 27.5C)

The placenta forms the interface between the embryonic/fetal system and the maternal system.

By the end of gestation, which of the following has not occurred?

The uterus has increased in size by 10 fold.

Define the vasa recta. (Module 24.5C)

The vasa recta are long, straight capillaries that that parallel the nephron loop.

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

List the structures of a sperm. (Module 26.3C)

acrosome, head, neck, middle piece, and tail

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

adrenal glands.

The various forms of any one gene are called

alleles.

A space opens within the inner cell mass that will form the

amniotic cavity.

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the

glomerular filtration rate.

The process of filtration is driven by

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerulus.

The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the DNA.

head

Which of the following traits is a sex-linked inheritance?

hemophilia

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

hilum.

The ________ method of birth control involves taking either combination estrogen/progesterone birth control pills or progesterone-only pills in two large doses 12 hours apart within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse.

hormonal post-coital contraception

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.

The ________ is an opening through which the spermatic cord passes.

inguinal canal

The primary role of FSH in males is to

initiate sperm production in the testes

The male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems?

integumentary

Testosterone is secreted by the

interstitial cells.

Put the following urinary structures in order as urine is produced and eliminated from the body

kidney , ureter , urinary bladder,urethra

The production of milk is called

lactation

The endoderm forms

the urinary bladder.

A fetus undergoes its largest absolute weight gain during which trimester? (Module 27.8C)

third trimester

Oxygenated blood is carried away from the placenta by the

umbilical vein

The most abundant waste solute in urine is

urea

Urine is transported by the ________, stored within the ________, and eliminated through the ________. (Module 24.16A)

ureters; urinary bladder; urethra