APCSP Unit 2

Researchers have developed a simulation of packets traveling between server computers and client computers in a network. Of the following, which two outcomes are most likely to be results of the simulation? Select two answers.

1. Better understanding of the impact of increased connection speeds for frequently visited servers 2. Better understanding of the effect of temporarily unavailable network connections

Which of the following actions are likely to be helpful in reducing the digital divide? Select two answers.

1. Designing new technologies to be accessible to individuals with different physical abilities 2. Having world governments support the construction of network infrastructure

What is the minimum number of connections that would need to be removed from the network in order for device A to not be able to communicate with device F?

2

What is the minimum number of connections that must be broken or removed in the network before computer E can no longer communicate with computer F?

3

Creative Commons

A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created

Bit

A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1

Sampling

A process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples.

Lossy Compression:

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible.

Lossless Compression

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible.

Which of the following school policies is most likely to have a positive impact on the digital divide?

A school provides a laptop or tablet computer to all students enrolled at the school.

Binary Creative Commons: A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created

A way of representing information using only two options.

Intellectual Property

A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.

Which of the following best explains how fault tolerance in a network is achieved?

By providing multiple paths between devices, enabling routing to occur even in the presence of a failed component

Which of the following best describes the role of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ?

Developing standards and protocols for Internet communication

Overflow Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large.

Round-off Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise. The value is rounded.

Which of the following is a true statement about Internet communication?

Every device connected to the Internet is assigned an Internet protocol (IP) address.

What is the minimum number of connections that must be broken or removed before device B can no longer communicate with device C?

Four

A local router is configured to limit the bandwidth of guest users connecting to the Internet. Which of the following best explains the result of this configuration as compared to a configuration in which the router does not limit the bandwidth?

Guest users will be restricted in the maximum amount of data that they can send and receive per second.

Which of the following actions could be used to help reduce the digital divide? I. Providing free education and training on how to use computing devices II. Providing free or low-cost computing devices to low-income individuals III. Providing networks and infrastructure to people in remote areas

I, II, and III

Which of the following statements correctly explain how the Internet is able to facilitate communication at a large scale? A central monitoring computer is used to track and maintain the connections of the Internet. Data is routed between points in multiple ways so that if a connection fails, the data can be rerouted around the inoperative connections. Protocols for packets and routing are used so that computers from different manufacturers can communicate in a standard way.

II and III only

Which of the following statements are true about the ability for devices A and C to communicate? Select two answers.

If devices B and D were to fail, then information sent from device A could not reach device C. If devices D and F were to fail, then information sent from device A could not reach device C.

Which of the following is a primary benefit of making a computing system fault-tolerant?

If one component of the system fails, users of the system can often still access it

Which of the following explains a benefit of using open standards and protocols for Internet communication?

Open standards and protocols allow different manufacturers and developers to build hardware and software that can communicate with hardware and software on the rest of the network.

The following figures represent different ways of configuring a network of physically linked computers labeled P, Q, R, and S. A line between two computers indicates that the computers can communicate directly with each other. In which configuration is it NOT possible to have redundant routing between computers P and S?

P - R - Q - S

A state government is attempting to reduce the digital divide. Which of the following activities has the greatest potential to contribute to the digital divide rather than reducing it?

Providing programs that focus on technology literacy at local libraries

A city government is attempting to reduce the digital divide between groups with differing access to computing and the Internet. Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to be effective in this purpose?

Putting all government forms on the city Web site

Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?

The Internet is designed to scale to support an increasing number of users.

Which of the following best explains how the Internet is a fault-tolerant system?

The Internet is fault-tolerant because there are usually multiple paths between devices, allowing messages to sometimes be sent even when parts of the network fail.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fault-tolerant nature of routing on the Internet?

The ability to provide data transmission even when some connections have failed

Which of the following best explains how messages are typically transmitted over the Internet?

The message is broken into packets. The packets can be received in any order and still be reassembled by the recipient's device.

The transmission control protocol (TCP) and Internet protocol (IP) are used in Internet communication. Which of the following best describes the purpose of these protocols?

To establish a common standard for sending messages between devices on the Internet

The figure below shows two possible network configurations for devices P through V. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown. In configuration I, what is the minimum number of connections that must be broken or removed before device T can no longer communicate with device U?

Two

Byte

8 Bits

Which of the following best explains what happens when a new device is connected to the Internet?

An Internet Protocol (IP) address is assigned to the device.

Which of the following best explains how IP addresses are assigned?

As a new device is connected to the Internet, it is assigned an IP address to enable communication on the network.

The figure below shows two possible network configurations for devices P through V. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown. In which of the configurations is it possible to have redundant routing between devices Q and V?

Both configuration I and configuration II

Which of the following best explains how data is transmitted on the Internet?

Data is broken into packets, which can be sent along different paths.

Digital Data

Data that changes discretely through a finite set of possible values

Analog Data

Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Some examples of analog data include music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.

Which of the following actions is most likely to help reduce the digital divide?

Deploying satellites and other infrastructure to provide inexpensive Internet access to remote areas of Earth

Which of the following best explains how data is typically assembled in packets for transmission over the Internet?

Each packet contains data to be transmitted, along with metadata containing information used for routing the data.

Which of the following statements about security in the network is true? Computers A and D need to communicate with at least two additional computers in the network in order to communicate with each other. Computers B and C can communicate with each other without additional computers being aware of the communication.

II only

Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) has been introduced to replace the previous version (IPv4). Which of the following best describes a benefit of IPv6 over IPv4?

IPv6 allows for a greater number of addresses than IPv4, which allows more devices to be connected to the Internet.

Which of the following statements is true about the network?

If devices B and F fail, then device A will not be able to communicate with device G.

Which of the following is a primary reason for the use of open protocols on the Internet?

Open protocols provide a way to standardize data transmission between different devices.

Which of the following actions is most likely to be effective in reducing the digital divide at a local level?

Providing free community access to computers at schools, libraries, and community centers

Which of the following best describes a direct benefit in using redundant routing on the Internet?

Redundancy often allows messages to be sent on the network even if some network devices or connections have failed.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a contributing factor to the digital divide?

Some parents prefer to limit the amount of time their children spend using computing devices or the Internet.

Which of the following best explains the relationship between the Internet and the World Wide Web?

The Internet is a network of interconnected networks, and the World

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the World Wide Web and the Internet?

The World Wide Web is a system of linked pages, programs, and files that is accessed via a network called the Internet.

Two computers are built by different manufacturers. One is running a Web server and the other is running a Web browser. Which of the following best describes the ability of the two computers to communicate with each other across the Internet?

The computers can communicate directly because Internet communication uses standard protocols.

A user enters a Web address in a browser, and a request for a file is sent to a Web server. Which of the following best describes how the file is sent to the user?

The file is broken into packets for transmission. The packets must be reassembled upon receipt.

The following figure represents a network of physically linked devices labeled P through S. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown.

The network is considered fault-tolerant because there are redundant paths between each pair of devices.

According to the domain name system (DNS), which of the following is a subdomain of the domain example.com?

example.co.uk