APES CH 2 Test Bank

24) Inductive reasoning involves which of the following: a) generalizations based on a number of concrete observations b) generalizations based on a single concrete observation c) generalizations based on a persuasive argument by an expert in the field d) generalizations that cannot be tested e) generalizations that usually prove to be false

A

28) You weigh flour on a scale to find out how much you need for baking cookies according to your recipe. But yesterday the scale fell from the counter onto the floor and is now off by 10.00 grams. If you do not correct for the effect of the fall, your cookies will come out like bricks because the scale does not give a (n) __________ measurement. a) accurate b) deductive c) inductive d) estimated e) precise

A

3) A "control" is used in a scientific experiment to: a) provide a standard against which results of tests can be compared b) provide a theory against which results of tests can be compared c) improve the technology of the experiment d) cross-check known facts with theories e) improve the techniques used in the experiment

A

4) Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps, from beginning to end, in the Scientific Method? a) hypothesis -> controlled experiment -> inferences -> conclusions b) conclusions -> controlled experiment -> observations -> hypothesis c) controlled experiment -> inferences -> deductive proof -> hypothesis d) observations -> hypothesis -> controlled experiment -> conclusions e) conclusions -> observations -> alter observations to fit conclusions -> future research grants and awards

D

15) Science and technology are often confused with each other. Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding science and technology? a) science cannot be advanced without technology b) technology leads to scientific discoveries c) science is limited by the technology available d) science leads to new technological advances e) science is the search for understanding the natural world

A

5) Dr. Smith is stressed about waking up and making it on time to the airport in order to catch his plane. He sets the alarm on his digital watch (reads to 1/100 of a second!) and arrives at 7:00:00.00 a.m. Unfortunately, every other clock on the airplane terminal reads about 7:20. Dr. Smith is unable to make it through security in time and misses his flight. Which of the following is a correct statement about Dr. Smith's watch? a) it is precise, but not accurate b) it is accurate, but not precise c) it is neither accurate nor precise d) it is both accurate and precise e) it is a lousy time piece

A

7) A scientist is raising goldfish in several aquaria in his laboratory. He varies the size and amount of oxygen dissolved in the tanks to determine which combination will support the greatest number of fish. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment? a) the number of fish that survive b) the size of the aquarium c) the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water d) the amount of food given to the fish e) the combination of aquarium size, food, and dissolved water

A

1) A scientific hypothesis: a) is similar to a theory because it is based on numerous experiments b) is really just an educated guess at the answer to a question c) can never be the true answer to a scientific question d) always requires controls as part of its statement e) can never become a scientific fact

B

18) Which of the following statements is true about assumptions of science? a) events in the natural world do not follow patterns b) science is based on a type of reasoning known as induction c) basic processes and laws are not the same throughout the universe d) generalizations can not be subjected to tests that disprove them e) science can provide absolute proof of the truth of its theories

B

19) A scientist is studying the yearly rainfall in an area and measures the amount of rain with a gauge marked in milliliters (10 milliliters per centiliter). Overnight, enough rain falls to rise to the level of exactly 5.1 centiliters. The measurement should be recorded as: a) 5.0 cl b) 5.10 cl c) 5.1 cl d) 5 cl e) 5.100 cl

B

21) Science is the search for __________ of the natural world, while technology is implemented for __________ the natural world for human benefit. a) control; damage to b) understanding; manipulation of c) improvement; damage to d) improvement; manipulation of e) control; use of

B

22) Refer to the diagram and the statements that follow below: A• ________________ •B - The shortest distance between two points is a curved line - The line A-B is the shortest distance between point A and point B ---> Therefore, line A-B is a curve. Which of the following statements is the correct analysis of the above proof? a) the assumptions are correct, but the conclusion is wrong b) the proof is internally correct, but the assumptions are wrong c) the proof is flawed, but its conclusion is correct d) the proof reaches a flawed conclusion because it is not a syllogism e) the statements are correct, but irrelevant

B

26) Which of the following is one of the chief activities of modern science (as opposed to technology) is focused on: a) the existence of supernatural things b) observations of the natural world c) the existence of life on other planets d) control of the natural world e) the ultimate role of life on Earth

B

9) The process by which a scientist formulates a theory after analyzing the results of many experiments is an example of: a) speculation b) inductive reasoning c) deductive reasoning d) theory building e) manipulative reasoning

B

Angeles diverted the streams that feed into Mono Lake in order to provide water for the city? a) the lake would dry up completely b) the lake would become too salty for wildlife in the lake c) algae growth would increase exponentially d) the lakes riparian vegetation would die off e) scientists were not concerned because groundwater and rain would provide ample water for the lake

B

10) Based on her knowledge of the theory of gravity, a teacher walks into her science classroom and tells the students that if someone steps off the roof of a building, they will fall to the ground. This is an example of: a) speculation b) inductive reasoning c) deductive reasoning d) theory building e) manipulative reasoning

C

14) A scientist notes that the numbers of hawks in an agricultural area are decreasing, even though there are plenty of mice to catch and eat. The scientist states that he believes the cause of this decrease in numbers is due to the effect of pesticides on the survival of hawk eggs. This statement is: a) an accepted theory b) true in its facts but false in its assumptions c) a hypothesis d) a statement that cannot be disproved e) a fact

C

16) A scientist wishes to test the effects of different amounts of water and fertilizer on yields of corn. In a series of test fields, she varies the supply of water and the amount of fertilizer applied to a given strain of corn and measures the weight of the crop that results. In this experiment, which is/are the dependent variable(s)? a) corn yield and variety of corn strain b) water supply and supply of fertilizer c) corn yield d) water supply and effect of climate e) supply of fertilizer and variety of corn strain

C

17) Scientists have adopted the Scientific Method as their standard procedure for answering questions about natural phenomena. They have relied on this technique because: a) observations should only be done in a laboratory b) when using the Scientific Method, it is not necessary to conduct controlled experiments c) following a standardized procedure allows a scientist to compare his/her data with the results of other scientists d) the Scientific Method allows scientists to determine what their results will be before actually doing any experiments e) the results will always be useful quantitative data

C

23) - Humans are the only tool-making organisms. - Chimpanzees make tools. ---> Therefore chimpanzees are human. The three statements above are all of the following except: a) a syllogism b) a deductive proof c) an inductive proof d) internally correct e) the conclusion defies common sense

C

8) Which of the following topics would not be a good subject for a scientist to attempt to study scientifically? a) the number of Birds that live a Mono Lake b) the effect of pesticides on hawks and owls in an area c) the ultimate purpose of life d) the effect of human activity of a forested area e) the best way to keep termites from destroying a house

C

12) Unlike the Ancient Greek philosophers who developed a theoretical approach to science by asking "why?," modern scientists asked "how does it work." What method of thinking was developed as a result of this approach? a) the modern method of science b) the theory c) the hypothetical method d) the scientific method e) method of validity

D

13) Premise: A straight line is the shortest distance between two points. Premise: The line from A to B is the shortest distance between points A and B. Conclusion: Therefore, the line from A to B is a straight line. The above syllogism is an example of _________________ a) a scientific proof b) a hypothesis c) inductive reasoning d) deductive reasoning e) a scientific fact

D

2) An explanation for a natural phenomenon that relates and explains many observations and is supported by a great deal of evidence is called a: a) hypothesis b) controlled experiment c) technology d) theory e) fact

D

20) In the ancient civilizations of Babylonia and Egypt, observations of the environment were carried out for all of the following purposes except: a) planting crops b) religious reasons c) predicting human events d) to understand the fundamental laws of the universe e) for navigation of ships

D

25) Which of the following processes allows scientists to test a hypothesis by observation? a) rational thought processes b) rational syllogisms c) deductive reasoning d) the scientific method e) inclusive theories

D

27) You weigh flour on a scale to find out how much you need for baking cookies according to your recipe. But yesterday the scale fell from the counter onto the floor and is now off by 10.00 grams. Your scale still reads two decimal places (for example (90.02 g), so it still gives a (n) ___________ measurement of the amount of flour: a) accurate b) deductive c) inductive d) estimated e) precise

E

6) A scientist is testing the factors that lead to the growth of larger tomatoes. In one particular series of experiments, she holds the moisture and the amount of fertilizer constant, but varies the soil type and measures the resulting changes in tomato weight. Which of the following is the independent variable in these experiments? a) moisture b) amount of fertilizer c) tomato weight d) amount of sunlight e) soil type

E