APES Chapter 6 Quiz
21. The heavily farmed state of Iowa has lost about ____% of its inland wetlands.
99
23. If you fish for trout, you would be most likely to seek out which part of a stream? a. source zone b. benthic zone c. transition zone d. floodplain zone e. profundal zone
A
22. The zone in which you would expect to find deposit feeders along with oysters, clams, and sponges is the ____. a. euphotic zone b. abyssal zone c. coastal zone d. intertidal zone e. bathyal zone
B
74. Which human activity is least likely to be a major threat to marine systems? a. overfishing b. sinking of ships to create artificial reefs c. runoff of nonpoint source pollution d. invasive species introduced by humans e. habitat destruction from coastal development
b
78. Which of the following is associated with an algal bloom? a. Decreased primary productivity b. Increased turbidity c. Increased dissolved oxygen levels over time d. Increased numbers of secondary consumers e. Decreased turbidity
b
26. Four of the following are part of the saltwater or marine aquatic life zones. Which one is the exception? a. oceans b. estuaries c. inland wetlands d. coastal wetlands e. mangrove forests
c
28. Net Primary Productivity is highest in ____. a. open oceans as nutrients are plentiful b. open oceans as disturbance is minimized c. shallow systems as nutrients are plentiful d. shallow systems as temperatures are cooler e. open oceans as sunlight is plentiful
c
35. In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of the ____. a. limnetic zone b. benthic zone c. littoral zone d. profundal zone e. abyssal zone
c
36. Which of the following is classified as a freshwater aquatic life zone? a. oceans b. mangrove forests c. rivers d. coral reefs e. coastal wetlands
c
39. Most of the wetlands that are lost are used for ____. a. mining b. urban development c. growing crops d. forestry e. recreation
c
52. Most likely to be found in the euphotic zone of the ocean a. Detritus feeders b. Large fish c. Phytoplankton and ultraplankton d. Organisms adapted to changing salinity e. Organisms with adaptations to high external pressures
c
55. Although the global ocean is a single and continuous body of water, geographers divide it into five large areas—the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, ____, and Southern Oceans—separated by the continents. a. Mediterranean b. Adriatic c. Arctic d. Baltic e. Aegean
c
60. This flow chart is modeling the process of a. Primary succession b. Secondary succession c. Cultural eutrophication d. Ocean acidification e. Global warming
c
62. Pollutants and excess plant nutrients are most associated with a. Dams b. Levees c. Cities and farms d. Channelization e. Dikes
c
65. Which of the following is part of the coastal zone? a. vertical zone b. euphotic zone c. intertidal zone d. upwelling zone e. bathyal zone
c
67. In large lakes, there are four distinct zones. Which of the following is the exception? a. benthic b. littoral c. bathyal d. limnetic e. profundal
c
69. The vast majority of all marine species are found in the a. Abyssal zone b. Benthic zone c. Coastal zone d. Pelagic zone e. Nektonic zone
c
76. A shark is most likely to be ____. a. phytoplankton b. zooplankton c. nekton d. benthos e. decomposers
c
82. Which of the following organisms is least likely to be directly negatively affected by ocean acidification? a. Crabs and other arthropods b. Phytoplankton c. Tuna and sea trout d. Clams and other mollusks e. Coral
c
89. Which of the following are the two greatest long-term threats to coral reefs? a. ocean acidification and overfishing b. damage by divers and predation c. climate change and acidification d. erosion and sea-level rise e. climate change and predation
c
27. Which coastal marine ecosystem consists of at least 60 species of plants that grow underwater in shallow marine and estuarine areas along most continental coastlines? a. salt marshes b. sea grass beds c. intertidal zones d. mangrove forests e. coral reefs
b
29. The rising levels of sea water attributed to global warming are due to the a. Increased density of the warmer water b. Thermal expansion of the warmer water c. Increased frequency of upwellings d. Increased frequency of the ENSO e. Decreased salinity of the warmer water
b
46. Which of the following would be characteristic of the profundal zone? a. rooted plants b. low oxygen levels c. nourished by dead matter d. high photosynthetic activity e. decomposers and detritus feeders
b
48. A jellyfish would be considered a type of ____. a. benthos b. zooplankton c. nekton d. phytoplankton e. ultraplankton
b
56. Four of the following are examples of inland wetlands. Which one is the exception? a. marshes b. littoral c. swamps d. prairie potholes e. Arctic tundra
b
59. The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is the ____. a. bathyal zone b. coastal zone c. littoral zone d. benthic zone e. abyssal zone
b
66. Between 1980 and 2005, researchers estimated more than one-fifth of the world's ____ was destroyed by human activities. a. oyster beds b. mangrove forests c. inland wetlands d. estuaries e. coastal wetlands
b
25. Which of the following is a major cause of increasing ocean acidification? a. eutrophication b. construction of dams and levees c. rising sea level d. rising levels of CO2 e. decreasing dissolved oxygen
d
31. Oysters, sea stars, and lobsters would be considered what type of organism? a. phytoplankton b. zooplankton c. nekton d. benthos e. decomposers
d
33. All of the following would be expected in the source zone EXCEPT a. High levels of dissolved oxygen b. Rapid water flow c. Rocky or stony bottom of river d. High levels of biodiversity e. Low numbers of rooted aquatic plants
d
34. What prevents coral reefs from surviving below the euphotic zone? a. high water density b. high pressure c. saline water d. inadequate sunlight e. damage from storms
d
41. Which of the following would be characteristic of a eutrophic lake? a. crystal clear waters b. limited population of phytoplankton c. small supply of plant nutrients d. well-supplied with nutrients for producers e. low net primary productivity
d
45. Most likely to be found in the estuarine zone near the ocean a. Detritus feeders b. Large fish c. Phytoplankton and ultraplankton d. Organisms adapted to changing salinity e. Organisms with adaptations to high external pressures
d
50. The tuna is a large, free-swimming fish used as a food source by humans. All of the following terms apply to tuna EXCEPT a. Pelagic habitat b. Nekton c. Consumer d. Benthic e. Heterotroph
d
58. Fish adapted to cool, dark waters in lakes are found in the ____. a. limnetic zone b. benthic zone c. littoral zone d. profundal zone e. abyssal zone
d
64. The open, sunlit surface area of a lake away from the shore is in which zone? a. benthic b. littoral c. bathyal d. limnetic e. profundal
d
68. The dimly lit zone in which zooplankton and smaller fishes predominate is the ____. a. abyssal zone b. euphotic zone c. estuary zone d. bathyal zone e. benthic zone
d
72. The Chesapeake Bay has established goals for restoration of the bay waters as measured by ____ content. a. carbon dioxide b. fertilizer c. carbonic acid d. dissolved oxygen e. pesticide
d
73. What percentage of the world's photosynthetic activity is accomplished by phytoplankton in the euphotic zone? a. 70 b. 60 c. 50 d. 40 e. 30
d
large natural bodies of standing freshwater
lakes
Standing freshwater
lentic
open, sunlit surface away from the shore
limnetic
includes many types of algae
phytoplankton
deeper water lying between the limnetic zone and the lake bottom
profundal zone
cloudiness caused by nutrient overloads
turbidity
44. The ocean zone that makes up less than 10% of the world's ocean area, yet contains 90% of all the marine species, is the ____. a. abyssal zone b. bathyal zone c. benthic zone d. coastal zone e. littoral zone
D
24. In 2014, more than half of the U.S. population lived ____. a. in California b. in the Northeast c. along major freshwater rivers d. in urban areas e. along or near a coast
E
10. In most shallow systems, such as lake edges, nutrients are often in short supply, limiting the net primary productivity (NPP).
F
4. Water in the floodplain zone usually has lower temperatures and more dissolved oxygen than that in the other zones.
F
9. Funneling Mississippi River sediments through the wetlands and into the Gulf of Mexico, instead of into the Mississippi Delta, has caused the Delta to rise
F
18. Plankton can be divided into three groups: phytoplankton, ultraplankton, and nekton
False
3. About 20% of all inland wetlands in Germany and France have been destroyed.
False
5. The majority of the wetlands that have been lost since the 1600s have been lost because of the development of cities.
False
19. Land-based glaciers in Greenland and other parts of the world are slowly melting, and sea levels are rising.
T
Estuaries are marine systems
T
Largest ocean that contains more than one-half of earth's water
Pacific
14. The distribution of many aquatic organisms is determined largely by salinity.
T
16. By 2050, it is estimated that more than 50% of all coral reefs will be lost
T
1. Benthos consists of bottom-dwellers such as oysters, sea stars, clams, lobsters, and crabs.
True
17. Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States.
True
2. Oysters in Chesapeake Bay were once so abundant that they filtered and cleaned the water of the entire Bay every 3 days.
True
6. Forty percent of the world's photosynthetic activity is conducted in the euphotic zone of the oceans.
True
8. Coral bleaching occurs when algae, the food of the corals, die off because of stresses such as increased ocean temperatures
True
A watershed is the land area that delivers runoff, sediment, and dissolved substances to a stream.
True
A limiting factor for coral reefs is ____. a. that the water cannot be too acidic b. that water temperature needs to be above 88° F c. water temperature needs to be below 60° F d. the level of calcium carbonate in sea water e. the level of carbonic acid in sea water
a
30. Which of the designated marine zones would be expected to have the lowest level of net primary productivity? a. Abyssal zone b. Bathyal zone c. Euphotic zone d. Coastal zone e. Estuarine zone
a
32. Most likely to be found in the benthic zone of the ocean a. Detritus feeders b. Large fish c. Phytoplankton and ultraplankton d. Organisms adapted to changing salinity e. Organisms with adaptations to high external pressures
a
37. Organisms, like catfish, that are adapted to low oxygen levels would be best adapted to survive in he a. Oxbow lakes b. Flood plains c. Tributaries d. Waterfalls e. Rapids
a
38. The deepest part of the ocean is the ____. a. abyssal zone b. euphotic zone c. estuary zone d. bathyal zone e. benthic zone
a
42. By following the principles of sustainability, we could cut CO2 emissions and reduce ocean ____. a. acidification b. pollution c. overfishing d. cooling e. algal blooms
a
53. Four of the following are key factors that help to determine the types and numbers of organisms found in the various layers of both freshwater and marine systems. What is the exception? a. algal bloom b. availability of nutrients c. temperature d. dissolved oxygen levels e. availability of food
a
70. Deep lakes with steep banks that have a small amount of plant nutrients are ____. a. oligotrophic lakes b. eutrophic lakes c. culturally eutrophic lakes d. hypereutrophic lakes e. mesotrophic lakes
a
71. Four of the following are benefits that coral reefs provide. Which one is the exception? a. They provide significant free oxygen. b. They serve as natural barriers. c. They protect coastlines from erosion. d. They provide habitats for one-quarter of all marine organisms. e. They provide one-tenth of the global fish catch.
a
77. Four of the following are major human activities that disrupt and degrade freshwater systems. Which one is the exception? a. reintroducing salmon stock to natal streams b. fragmenting habitats through dams and canals c. disconnecting rivers from floodplains through flood control levees and dikes d. adding excess nutrients and pollution through cities and farms e. draining inland wetlands to grow crops
a
81. Humans have built dams and levees on many of the world's rivers to control water flows. These structures ____. a. cause major river deltas to sink b. provide sediment to river deltas c. increase wetland habitat d. increase floodplain area e. improve habitat for wetland species
a
Since 1960, Chesapeake Bay has suffered from water pollution. What is a major cause of this? a. human population growth b. dam construction c. sea-level rise d. introduction of exotic fish species e. waste from fishing boats
a
. In lakes, large numbers of decomposers are found in the ____. a. limnetic zone b. benthic zone c. littoral zone d. profundal zone e. abyssal zone
b
80. Four of the following are ecological and economic services provided by inland wetlands. Which one is the exception? a. filtering and degrading toxic wastes and pollutants b. stopping the recharge of groundwater aquifers c. reducing flooding and erosion caused by storms d. helping to sustain stream flow during dry periods e. helping to maintain biodiversity by providing habitat
b
84. Most photosynthesis in the open ocean occurs in the ____. a. abyssal zone b. euphotic zone c. estuary zone d. bathyal zone e. benthic zone
b
85. What is an area where a river meets the sea and includes some of the earth's most productive wetlands? a. euphotic zone b. estuary c. inlets d. bays e. coastal marshes
b
90. River deltas, like the New Orleans area, experience subsidence because a. They have low dissolved oxygen levels b. They do not receive their normal levels of sediment c. They experience hypoxia and decomposition d. They have very low levels of primary productivity e. They are exposed to tides and currents
b
bottom-dwellers
benthos
Biggest threat to marine systems
climate change
75. Organisms in ____ must be able to avoid being swept away, crushed by waves, or being left high and dry at low tides, and must survive daily or seasonal salinity and temperature changes. a. estuaries b. coastal wetlands c. bathyal zones d. intertidal zones e. coral reefs
d
83. Wide, slow-moving rivers containing lots of particulate matter (silt) would be typical of what aquatic life zone? a. source zone b. benthic zone c. transition zone d. floodplain zone e. profundal zone
d
87. If you find a new species of algae floating on the surface of a coastal zone, you would likely consider it a type of ____. a. benthos b. zooplankton c. nekton d. phytoplankton e. ultraplankton
d
43. What is a highly productive wetland that provides habitat for some 69 species of trees that can live in salty water? a. seagrass beds b. barrier beaches c. barrier islands d. coastal rain forests e. mangrove forests
e
47. Mayflies are an indicator of a healthy freshwater ecosystem. Should this process occur, which of the following would be expected to occur in the mayfly population? a. There would be a population explosion. b. There would be a slight increase in population. c. There would be no effect on the population. d. There would be a minor decrease in the population. e. There would be a huge decrease in the population.
e
48. A jellyfish would be considered a type of ____. a. benthos b. zooplankton c. nekton d. phytoplankton e. ultraplankton
e
54. Which of the designated marine zones would be expected to experience the most daily fluctuations in both salinity and temperature? a. Abyssal zone b. Bathyal zone c. Euphotic zone d. Pelagic zone e. Estuarine zone
e
57. In certain areas of the open sea, winds, ocean currents, and other factors cause water to come up from the depths to the surface, bringing nutrient from the ocean bottom. This process is called a(n) ____. a. downdraft b. updraft c. El Niño d. La Niña e. upwelling
e
63. Increased levels of global warming resulting in the melting of glaziers would impact I. The source zone II. The transition zone III. The floodplain zone a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. I, II, and III
e
79. Which of the following are the primary producers of the marine ecosystem? I. Zooplankton II. Phytoplankton III. Ultraplankton a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. II and III
e
86. Most likely to be found in the abyssal zone of the ocean a. Detritus feeders b. Large fish c. Phytoplankton and ultraplankton d. Organisms adapted to changing salinity e. Organisms with adaptations to high external pressures
e
strongly swimming consumers
nekton
lakes that have a small supply of plant nutrients
oligotrophic
91. distribution of many aquatic organisms is determined by this
salinity
13. Barrier beaches and their accompanying sand dunes are the first line of defense against the ravages of the sea
t
land area that delivers runoff to a stream, lake, or wetland
watershed
