APES First Semester Exam Study Guide
Which one of these is NOT covered under the Clean Water Act? ᅚA: non-point sources of water pollution ᅞB: sewage treatment plants ᅞC: groundwater pollution ᅞD: waste discharges from industrial plants ᅞE: waste heat discharges from nuclear power plants. Use the figure at right to answer the following questions.
A
Withdrawing too much water from an aquifer can cause several issues. Which of the following is not one of these? ᅚA: droughts ᅞB: land subsidence ᅞC: sinkholes ᅞD: freshwater contaminated with saltwater ᅞE: making aquifers impossible to recharge
A
All of the following are true of El Nino- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) EXCEPT ᅚA: it occurs regularly, every five years in the Pacific ᅞB: the prevailing winds in the tropical Pacific weaken and change directions ᅞC: the warming of the western Pacific causes a reduction in upwelling nutrients and an increase in rainfall ᅞD: the typical monsoon season in the Eastern Pacific is reduced, and sometimes, there are droughts ᅞE: it changes the distribution patterns of pelagic marine species
A
Arrange these water bodies (river, lake, groundwater aquifer) in order (fastest to slowest) in which they are best able to clean themselves of bio-degradable wastes. ᅚA: river ൺ lake ൺ aquifer ᅞB: riverriver ൺ aquifer ൺ lake ᅞC: lake ൺ river ൺ aquifer ᅞD: lake ൺ aquifer ൺ river ᅞE: aquiferaquifer ൺ river ൺ lake
A
Density-dependent population control occurs when ᅚA: factors that limit population growth have a greater effect as a population's numbers increase ᅞB: higher population densities help sexually reproducing individuals find mates ᅞC: population density is independent of population growth ᅞD: excess individuals switch to a new resource and avoid a population crash ᅞE: environmental resistance does not occur at any population density
A
During the post-industrial stage ᅚA: birth rates decline and equal the death rate ᅞB: there is fluctuating growth ᅞC: the death rate increases due to environmental damage ᅞD: all of the above ᅞE: a and b only
A
For a river that receives a constant discharge of biodegradable wastes from a point source, all of the following statements are true of the oxygen sag curve, EXCEPT: ᅚA: the curve will occur at the discharge point ᅞB: the septic area occurs after decomposition ᅞC: the sag is more likely to occur during periods of low stream flow ᅞD: the sag causes a change in species distribution ᅞE: the water could be smelly where the sag occurs.
A
Heavy metals are considered pollutants because: ᅚA: they are neurotoxins and endocrine disruptors which bio-accumulate in fat ᅞB: they disrupt photosynthesis and the food web ᅞC: they produce oxygen demanding waste ᅞD: they are very unsightly and may cause odor problems ᅞE: they are man-made and persist in the water for a long time.
A
In 2006, the population growth rate of developed nations was 0.1% ant the rate in developing nations was ᅚA: larger ᅞB: smaller ᅞC: the same ᅞD: unchanging ᅞE: cyclical
A
One of the most important and effective ways to reduce flooding is to ____. ᅚA: preserve and restore wetlands ᅞB: straighten and deepen streams ᅞC: build floodwalls ᅞD: encourage people to build on floodplains ᅞE: build dams
A
One result of China's population control policy is ᅚA: gender imbalance ᅞB: high fertility rates ᅞC: decreased infant mortality ᅞD: decreased abortion rate ᅞE: increased crude death rate
A
This is the name for the process that occurs when coral become stressed and the algae in them die. ᅚA: coral bleaching ᅞB: coral erosion ᅞC: algal blooming ᅞD: zooplankton bleaching ᅞE: zooplankton erosion
A
What is gray water? ᅚA: used water from showers, sinks, dishwashers, and tubs ᅞB: water that has been used for irrigation ᅞC: water that can never be used again ᅞD: water that is not needed ᅞE: water that comes from the faucet
A
Which of the following is not true of the Colorado River basin? ᅚA: Much needed sediment is washed to coastal wetlands. ᅞB: 80% of water withdrawn from the Colorado River goes to irrigation. ᅞC: Government subsidies have led to inefficient use of irrigation water. ᅞD: Water is leaking to the ground below the river. ᅞE: The evaporation rate is high.
A
Which of the following is said to occur when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources? ᅚA: interspecific competition ᅞB: predation ᅞC: parasitism ᅞD: mutualism ᅞE: commensalism
A
Which of the following would exhibit primary succession? ᅚA: a rock exposed by a retreating glacier ᅞB: an abandoned farm ᅞC: a clear-cut forest ᅞD: newly flooded land ᅞE: a recently burned forest
A
the water under the ice in a lake that has been frozen for several weeks was found to be supersaturated with oxygen (O2). The most likely explanation of this finding is: ᅚA: solubility of oxygen in water increases as the temperature drops ᅞB: the lake is oligotrophic ᅞC: photosynthesis was occurring underneath the ice ᅞD: some air was trapped under the ice when the top of the lake froze ᅞE: some chemical reactions in the water under the ice produced the oxygen
A
Which of the following is not a good solution for water waste? ᅞA: Use night irrigation. ᅚB: Discourage organic farming. ᅞC: Irrigate with treated urban waste water. ᅞD: Line canals bringing water to irrigation ditches. ᅞE: Avoid growing water-thirsty crops in dry areas.
B
Which of the following is not a primary goal of a dam and reservoir? ᅞA: To produce electricity ᅚB: To clean the water supply ᅞC: To supply water for irrigation ᅞD: To provide recreational activities ᅞE: To reduce downstream flooding
B
3 Which of the following is the one measure that can tell the most about the overall quality of a surface water source? ᅞA: conductivity ᅚB: dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration ᅞC: plant nutrients (NO3- or (PO4)-3 ᅞD: bacterial count ᅞE: sediment load
B
A common stressor that organisms in the intertidal zone must face is ᅞA: lack of incoming light ᅚB: physical crushing force of incoming waves ᅞC: decreased number of predators ᅞD: no seasonal change in temperature ᅞE: constant immersion in water.
B
A country with an age structure that has a high proportion of pre-reproductive individuals is: ᅞA: declining slowly ᅚB: expanding rapidly ᅞC: stable ᅞD: uniform ᅞE: none of the above
B
A population exhibiting ___?___ yields a J-shaped curve when plotting number of individuals against time. ᅞA: logistic growth ᅚB: exponential growth ᅞC: biotic growth ᅞD: intrinsic growth ᅞE: none of the above
B
A typical oligotrophic lake will: ᅞA: be clear with lots of dissolved oxygen ᅚB: be clear with low dissolved oxygen ᅞC: have lots of fish ᅞD: have some ಯdead zonesರ ᅞE: could have algal blooms in the fall.
B
An abiotic factor that affects a population regardless of its overall size is ᅞA: density dependent ᅚB: density independent ᅞC: reproductive dependent ᅞD: uniformly distributed ᅞE: randomly distributed
B
Most of the water in the Colorado River comes from which of the following sources? ᅞA: Great Salt Lake ᅚB: snow melt in the Rocky Mountains ᅞC: glaciers in Canada ᅞD: aquifers in Wyoming ᅞE: lakes in Montana
B
Old-growth forest is defined as: ᅞA: Forests which have never been cut or touched by humans ᅚB: Forests which have reached climax community and is relatively undisturbed ᅞC: A forest which has been replanted after a clear cut ᅞD: Forest in which all the trees are over 200 years old ᅞE: A forest which is inhabited by indigenous people
B
Population change can be determined by which of the following equations? ᅞA: population change = (births + deaths) - (immigration + emigration) ᅚB: population change = (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration) ᅞC: population change = (births + deaths) + (immigration + emigration) ᅞD: population change = (births - immigration) + (deaths - emigration)
B
Primary sewage treatment is used to remove which of the following from the water? ᅞA: biodegradable solids ᅚB: both biodegradable and non-biodegradable solids ᅞC: disease-causing bacteria ᅞD: inorganic chemicals ᅞE: all water pollutants
B
Since 1980, China has moved 300 million people out of poverty. This has caused I. a sharp rise in the crude death rate II. an increase in the ecological footprint of China III. A decline in natural resource degradation ᅞA: I only ᅚB: II only ᅞC: III only ᅞD: II and III only ᅞE: I, II, and III
B
Some individuals in a population have genetic traits that enhance their ability to survive and produce offspring, a process called ᅞA: natural selection ᅚB: adaptability ᅞC: genetic drift ᅞD: mutation ᅞE: scientific theory
B
The continuous natural extinction rate of species which is typically balanced by the formation of new species is known as: ᅞA: Mass extinction ᅚB: Background extinction ᅞC: Ecological extinction ᅞD: Biological extinction ᅞE: Instrumental extinction
B
The correct order of events in the demographic transition is ᅞA: pre-industrial, Industrial, transitional, post-industrial ᅚB: pre-industrial, transitional, Industrial, post-industrial ᅞC: transitional, pre-industrial, Industrial, post-industrial ᅞD: pre-industrial, Industrial, post-industrial, transitional ᅞE: transitional, Industrial, pre-industrial, post-industrial
B
The movement of the continents influences evolution in which of the following ways? ᅞA: increases the level of carbon dioxide ᅚB: changes the earth's climate ᅞC: changes the spin of the earth ᅞD: decreases soil nutrient richness ᅞE: changes magnetic fields and disrupts migration patterns
B
What is the land from which surface water drains into a particular lake, river, or other body of water? ᅞA: the zone of saturation ᅚB: watershed ᅞC: an aquifer ᅞD: surface water ᅞE: the bedrock
B
What percentage of the earth's surface is covered by water? ᅞA: 86% ᅚB: 71% ᅞC: 67% ᅞD: 58% ᅞE: 52%
B
When groundwater becomes contaminated, it tends to remain contaminated because: ᅞA: it moves very slowly ᅚB: the dissolved oxygen levels are low or non-existent ᅞC: low populations of bacteria to decompose the wastes ᅞD: bacterial growth rate is slow because of low temperatures ᅞE: it is hard to reach for clean-up purposes.
B
When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other. This is called ᅞA: competition ᅚB: coevolution ᅞC: coincidence ᅞD: commensalism ᅞE: predation
B
Which of these is an ecological service provided by coral reefs? ᅞA: adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere ᅚB: protect coastline from erosion ᅞC: increase oceanic temperatures ᅞD: increase terrestrial temperature ᅞE: provide jobs and building materials
B
Which one of these is normally NOT found in groundwater? ᅞA: carbon dioxide ᅚB: oxygen ᅞC: iron ᅞD: bacteria ᅞE: nitrates
B
All of the following are true about water pollution due to biodegradable wastes EXCEPT it: ᅞA: can depress dissolved oxygen levels to dangerous levels ᅞB: can cause a decline in the populations of ALL aquatic organisms ᅚC: increases the cost of drinking water treatment ᅞD: can lead to increased algal blooms ᅞE: can accelerate the speed of eutrophication.
C
All of the following are true of what happens to the by-products of sewage treatment systems EXCEPT: ᅞA: sludge can be used on cropland ᅞB: water is discharged into local watershed ᅚC: once chlorinated, water can be piped back into drinking water supply ᅞD: sludge may be used as landfill cover ᅞE: sludge can be used to produce methane power
C
How have humans increased the Earth's carrying capacity for our species? ᅞA: We have utilized emigration ᅞB: we have developed adaptive traits that reduce environmental resistance ᅚC: we have increased food production ᅞD: we have quickly degraded our natural capital ᅞE: none of the above
C
Mass extinctions, with 25 -70% of species going extinct, have occurred how many times in the history of the earth? ᅞA: 1 ᅞB: 3 ᅚC: 5 ᅞD: 7 ᅞE: 23
C
More modern countries use more water. For example, how much water does it take to produce one small car? ᅞA: 450,000 gallons ᅞB: 392,600 liters ᅚC: 104,000 gallons ᅞD: 45,000 liters ᅞE: 45,000 gallons
C
One method of desalination uses high pressure to force saltwater through a membrane filter. This method is called ____. ᅞA: diffusion ᅞB: distillation ᅚC: reverse osmosis ᅞD: active transport ᅞE: passive transport
C
Plant nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorous are classified as water pollutants because they: ᅞA: reduce the dissolved oxygen in water ᅞB: react with water to produce toxic compounds ᅚC: increase the growth of algae ᅞD: are harmful to humans ᅞE: are dangerous to aquatic organisms
C
The GREATEST threat to aquatic biodiversity is: ᅞA: reduction of upwelling events ᅞB: habitat loss ᅚC: introduction of invasive species ᅞD: intrusion of freshwater ᅞE: aquaculture practices
C
The biotic potential of a population is ᅞA: the maximum reproductive rate of a population ᅞB: the current rate of growth of a population ᅚC: an expression of how many offspring survive to reproduce ᅞD: determined by subtracting immigration minus emigration ᅞE: the future growth rate of a population
C
The infant mortality rate in the US is higher than it could be due to I. Inadequate health care for poor women II. Drug addiction among pregnant women III. Poor nutrition ᅞA: I only ᅞB: III only ᅚC: I and II only ᅞD: I and III only ᅞE: I, II, and III
C
The removal of mangrove forests in coastal areas has resulted in ____. ᅞA: more beaches along which water can collect ᅞB: less seawater being held near the shore ᅚC: increased flooding ᅞD: a reduction in storm surges ᅞE: a reduction in mangrove related deaths
C
The study of how and why populations change in their distribution, numbers, age structure, and density in response to their environment is ᅞA: community ecology ᅞB: species ecology ᅚC: population dynamics ᅞD: ecosystem dynamics ᅞE: dispersion dynamics
C
What is the most efficient means of water delivery to crops? ᅞA: center-pivot sprinkler systems ᅞB: low-energy precision-application (LEPA) sprinkler systems ᅚC: trickle or drip irrigation ᅞD: gravity-flow canal systems ᅞE: diagonal-pivot systems
C
Which of the following is the water feature which would measure the level of cultural eutrophication? ᅞA: conductivity ᅞB: dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration ᅚC: plant nutrients (NO3- or (PO4)-3 ᅞD: bacterial count ᅞE: sediment load
C
Which of the following statements is false? ᅞA: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements of living matter. ᅞB: Some trace elements are very abundant on Earth. ᅚC: Virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities. ᅞD: Iron is an example of an element needed by all organisms. ᅞE: Other than some trace elements, animals are mostly made up of the same elements as plants, in similar proportions.
C
Which of these is a useful indicator of the overall health of a population? ᅞA: death rate ᅞB: birth rate ᅚC: infant mortality rate ᅞD: emigration rate ᅞE: immigration rate
C
Which zone of a stream/river will absorb and slow the velocity of floodwaters from storms, cyclones, and tsunamis? ᅞA: source zone ᅞB: transition zone ᅚC: floodplain zone ᅞD: delta zone ᅞE: littoral zone
C
Why does the open sea make the largest contribution to the Earth's overall net primary productivity? ᅞA: it has high levels of nutrients ᅞB: it has large amounts of light for photosynthesis ᅚC: it covers a large amount of the Earth's surface ᅞD: it's primary producers have few predators ᅞE: there are significant amounts of large aquatic plants.
C
Why is each element unique and different from other elements in chemical properties? ᅞA: Each element has a unique atomic mass. ᅞB: Each element has a unique atomic weight. ᅚC: Each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus. ᅞD: Each element has a unique number of neutrons in its nucleus. ᅞE: Each element has different radioactive properties.
C
A population that is dominated by pre-reproductive individuals is likely to ᅞA: decrease in population size ᅞB: remain stable in population size ᅞC: decrease in post-reproductive ages ᅚD: increase in population size ᅞE: decrease in reproductive ages
D
About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? ᅞA: carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen ᅞB: carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen ᅞC: oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen ᅚD: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen ᅞE: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium
D
All of the following are true of secondary sewage treatment, EXCEPT: ᅞA: it is mostly a biological process ᅞB: it removes most of the biodegradable pollutants in water c. it is the stage where pathogenic bacteria are killed ᅞC: it removes all phosphates, nitrates, and heavy metals ᅚD: it requires oxygen
D
Diseases caused by water-borne organisms kill millions of people around the world each year. Which one of these lists contains ONLY diseases that are transmitted by water-borne organisms? ᅞA: cholera, typhoid fever, cancer ᅞB: cholera, dysentery, common cold ᅞC: cancer, dysentery, enteritis ᅚD: cholera, giardiasis, typhoid fever ᅞE: cryptosporidium, cancer, enteritis
D
Farmers could not grow lettuce in the arid interior of California without ____. ᅞA: desalinization ᅞB: winds coming off the Pacific Ocean ᅞC: El Nino southern oscillation ᅚD: government subsidies ᅞE: cheap prices for lettuce seeds
D
Humans alter the carbon cycle LEAST by ᅞA: burning fossil fuels for energy, industry, and transportation ᅞB: clearing forests for agriculture and clear-cut forestry ᅞC: exponential population growth ᅚD: exhaling ᅞE: reducing vegetation by covering land with cement
D
Humans intervene in the nitrogen cycle in several ways. Which of the following is not one of those ways? ᅞA: Burning fossil fuels adds nitric oxide. ᅞB: Agriculture releases nitrous oxides. ᅞC: Destruction of forests releases nitrogen. ᅚD: We store nitrogen in the topsoil when we harvest nitrogen rich crops. ᅞE: Agriculture using fertilizers adds nitrogen to aquatic systems.
D
In a typical river, the oxygen sag curve is likely to be most severe during: ᅞA: winter ᅞB: fall ᅞC: spring ᅚD: summer ᅞE: none of the above
D
Individuals in a population with a high intrinsic rate of growth have which of the following characteristics? I. Short generation time II. Reproduce at a later age III. Have many offspring each time they reproduce ᅞA: I only ᅞB: II only ᅞC: I and II only ᅚD: I and III only ᅞE: I, II, and III
D
Precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or evaporate is called ____. ᅞA: perspiration ᅞB: condensation ᅞC: transpiration ᅚD: run off ᅞE: run in
D
Scientist who study the patterns of human population are called ᅞA: poptologists ᅞB: population ecologists ᅞC: geopolitical analysts ᅚD: demographers ᅞE: none of the above
D
Tapping deep aquifers for water sources creates several concerns. Which of the following is not one of these? ᅞA: They are nonrenewable on a human time scale. ᅞB: Little is known about their geological or ecological impacts. ᅞC: Many cross country borders without international agreements. ᅚD: Most are heavily polluted. ᅞE: The costs of tapping these are unknown.
D
The Greenhouse effect is ᅞA: the warming of the Earth's core due to solar radiation ᅞB: the capture of solar heat energy in the thermosphere ᅞC: the warming of the Earth due to reflective gases in the stratosphere ᅚD: the warming of the Earth's lower troposphere and surface due to specific gases absorbing infrared radiation and their vibrations release longer wavelength heat. ᅞE: the changing of the Earth's climate due to a conversion of the sun's potential energy into kinetic wavelengths which are reflected back to the surface by specific gases
D
The average number of children a woman typically has during her reproductive years is her: ᅞA: replacement level fertility ᅞB: sustainable fertility rate ᅞC: cultural carrying capacity ᅚD: total fertility rate ᅞE: intrinsic rate of increase
D
The delta for the Colorado River was destroyed by ____. ᅞA: a hurricane ᅞB: flooding ᅞC: pollution ᅚD: damming the river ᅞE: overfishing
D
The difference between traditional sewage treatment (like the diagram above) and wetland passed systems is: ᅞA: water is cleaner using the traditional systems ᅞB: wetland systems are more expensive ᅞC: wetland systems use more land area which is then unusable for the local economy/ecosystem ᅚD: wetland systems can use natural nutrient filtering organisms for much of the secondary stages of treatment ᅞE: none of the above. Use the figure of an oxygen sag curve to answer the following questions.
D
The graph at right is most likely from which of the following countries? ᅞA: Germany ᅞB: Italy ᅞC: Spain ᅚD: Nigeria ᅞE: Greece
D
The number of different species an ecosystem contains is its ᅞA: speciation ᅞB: species evenness ᅞC: species niche ᅚD: species richness ᅞE: habitat
D
The three key factors that lead women to have fewer and healthier children are ᅞA: age employment out of the home health care ᅞB: education age human rights ᅞC: age, human rights, and family planning ᅚD: education, employment out of the home, rights for women ᅞE: none of the above
D
What percentage of China's major cities are already facing water shortages? ᅞA: 25% ᅞB: 33% ᅞC: 50% ᅚD: 67% ᅞE: 100%
D
Which one of the following is NOT a naturally-occurring source of groundwater contamination: ᅞA: arsenic ᅞB: nitrates ᅞC: lead ᅚD: MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) ᅞE: radium
D
All of the following are greenhouse gases EXCEPT ᅞA: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ᅞB: Water vapor (H2O) ᅞC: Methane (CH4) ᅞD: Nitrous Oxide (N2O) ᅚE: Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
E
A species with a broad niche is considered a(n) ᅞA: endemic species ᅞB: endangered species ᅞC: specialist species ᅞD: native species ᅚE: generalist species
E
According to water resource experts, the main cause of water waste is ____. ᅞA: leakage ᅞB: long showers ᅞC: old toilets ᅞD: dishwashers ᅚE: cheap prices
E
All of the following are examples of a non-point source of water pollution EXCEPT: ᅞA: runoff from farm land ᅞB: runoff from city streets and other developed areas ᅞC: runoff form forests and undeveloped land ᅞD: deposition from the atmosphere ᅚE: treated wastewater discharges .
E
All of the following are true of tsunamis EXCEPT ᅞA: in deep water, the waves of a tsunami are very far apart and the crests are shallow. ᅞB: tsunamis can be detected by a series of buoys. ᅞC: tsunamis can be caused by underwater earthquakes. ᅞD: land damage can be reduced by healthy mangrove and coral reef systems ᅚE: tsunamis are also called tidal waves when they are created from tidal surges on an opposing coast.
E
Generalized pyramid energy flow has only a 10% efficiency, while 90% of the energy is lost to the environment as heat. This phenomenon is explained by ᅞA: the law of limiting factors ᅞB: the law of conservation of matter ᅞC: the food web corollary ᅞD: the greenhouse effect ᅚE: the second law of thermodynamics
E
Harmful UV radiation (UV-A, and UV-B) can cause ᅞA: skin cancer ᅞB: eye cataracts ᅞC: immune system damage ᅞD: sunburn ᅚE: all of the above
E
Having a population distribution that is __?__ may provide some protection from predators. ᅞA: uniform ᅞB: exponential ᅞC: random ᅞD: logistic ᅚE: clumped
E
Mountains are significant contributors to ecosystems because they ᅞA: reflect solar radiation ᅞB: release water steadily to streams and ecosystems ᅞC: have high biodiversity ᅞD: contain the majority of the Earth's forests ᅚE: all of the above
E
Non-native Kudzu plants out-competing local southeastern plants for resources is an example of this. ᅞA: Endemic Species ᅞB: Endangered Species ᅞC: Indicator Species ᅞD: Threatened Species ᅚE: Invasive Species
E
Ocean Currents such as the Gulf Stream are instrumental in global distribution of I Heat II Aquatic Species III Nutrients ᅞA: I only ᅞB: II and III only ᅞC: III only ᅞD: I and III only ᅚE: I, II, and III
E
The bad consequence of thermal pollution in water is that the excess heat: ᅞA: makes the water warmer than normal ᅞB: makes some aquatic species more vulnerable to disease ᅞC: causes increased biological activity ᅞD: increases the reactivity of some chemicals ᅚE: all of the above
E
The best way to reduce or eliminate the incidence of the ³dead zones´(low oxygen areas) in coastal waters is to: ᅞA: reduce the input of fertilizer into watersheds by planting buffer zones ᅞB: mandate the use of low phosphate detergents in the drainage basin ᅞC: reduce the discharge of biodegradable wastes from feedlots ᅞD: require sewage treatment plants to better handle overflow so that there is no discharge even during heavy use or rains ᅚE: all of the above
E
Which of the following is a limiting factor for a grassland biome? ᅞA: number of species ᅞB: species of the grass ᅞC: size of the population ᅞD: number of organisms ᅚE: amount of precipitation
E
Which of the following is a potential route of groundwater contamination? ᅞA: Leaking storage tanks II. seepage of contaminants from the surface III. Underground injection wells ᅞB: I and II only ᅞC: I only ᅞD: I and III only ᅚE: II and III only ᅞF: all of the above
E
Which of the following is an option for the clean-up of contaminated groundwater? ᅞA: stop further pollution and nature will do the rest ᅞB: pump the water to the surface, treat it, and return it to the aquifer ᅞC: inject micro-organisms into the aquifer to do the job ᅞD: inject nanoparticles of some organic compounds into the aquifer to decontaminate it ᅚE: all of the above.
E
Which of the following is not a specific role found in a niche? ᅞA: native species ᅞB: indicator species ᅞC: keystone species ᅞD: specialist species ᅚE: foundation species
E
Which of the following is true? ᅞA: The higher the species richness, the lower productivity. ᅞB: The high the species richness, the lower the sustainability. ᅞC: The lower the species richness, the more the productivity. ᅞD: The lower the species richness, the more the sustainability. ᅚE: The higher the species richness, the more the sustainability.
E
Which two countries had the largest number of people in 2008? ᅞA: China and the US ᅞB: China and Indonesia ᅞC: India and the US ᅞD: India and Indonesia ᅚE: China and India
E
Why is deforestation in tropical rainforests more devastating to the global environment than deforestation in temperate forests? ᅞA: Most temperate forests are not experiencing deforestation ᅞB: Tropical rainforests provide less usable lumber ᅞC: Temperate forests do not contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide ᅞD: Tropical rainforests are inhabited by indigenous tribes who are losing their way of life ᅚE: Tropical rainforests have much higher biodiversity than temperate forests.
E
