APES NPP

how is the health of the bay being monitored

many physical, chemical, and biochemical are monitored 20 times a year in and near the way. monitoring stations monitor inputs (salinity, nutrients, Nitrogen, Productivity, suspended sediment, dissolved oxygen content, and other various organisms)

standing crop

measures the amount of energy

productivity

measures the rate of energy

The greater productivity of the ecosystem, the ______ primary consumers can be supported

more

which biochemical cycle is being affected by increased fertilizer production through the Haber-Bosch process

nitrogen

are the rates of cellular respiration the same in every ecosystem

no, the rate of photosynthesis varies. Different temperatures and biomass's in ecosystems.

Secondary Productivity

amount of chemical Energy in the consumers food that is converted to their own new biomass in a given time period.

what is NOT a way to decrease hypoxia in estuaries and coastal oceans

apply fertilizer during heavy spring rains

what organisms have been negatively affected by fertilizers

bay grasses decreases, O2 decreases, oysters, fish, and other consumers decrease

what aquatic ecosystems has the highest NPP

bays(estuaries)

what is the definition of secondary production

biomass generated by heterotrphs from consuming autotrophs

why does measuring NPP useful in measuring change in an ecosystem

change in the support of consumers in the ecosystem. If the NPP drops, then the ecosystem will change

Gross Primary Productivity

total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time

what terrestrial ecosystems has the highest NPP?

tropical rain forests, swamps and marshes

upwelling

uprising of cold nutrient rich water from the bottom to the surface

how does upwelling affect NPP

upwelling brings vital nutrients to the surface. These nutrients are necessary for NPP

how has increased fertilizer use affected the dissolved oxygen in the bay

increase nitrogen and decreases the dissolved oxygen content in water

how have humans altered the influx of nitrogen in to Chesapeake bay

increased fertilizer use, contains nitrogen

NPP

Gross Primary Producer- respiration (measures the rate of Energy production over length of time)

10% law

= ecological efficient

why does the ocean have the highest overall average NPP

Because of the massive size of the open ocean

GPP

NPP plus respiration

how has the influx of nitrogen affected NPP in the Mississippi river, gulf of mexico and Chesapeake bay

Risk of Eutophication. Lowers NPP,because Nitrogen increases which causes algae to bloom and block the sun thus preventing aquatic plants and other producers from photosynthesis to grow

Why is NPP greatest at the equator but decreases when you approach the poles?

The equator receives the most direct angle of Solar energy. The energy increases rate of the water cycle so there's plenty of water and nutrients. There is less available solar energy, heat and nutrients as you approach the poles.

Biomass

The total mass of all living matter (tissue) in a specific area. Biomass is organic and they're made from nutrients (inorganic)

how does standing crop different than productivity. Do they measure the same thing?

They do not measure the same thing. Standing crop measures the amount of energy. Productivity measures the rate of energy.

what seasons have increased rates of NPP

Warmer seasons. Late Spring and summer have the highest solar energy and highest water cycle and nutrients

why do slow growing trees have low productivity

add a small amount of biomass each year

whats seasons have the decreased rates of NPP

colder seasons. late fall and winter have lower solar energy and lower water cycle and nutrients

what accounts for the large difference in NPP among different ecosystems?

ecosystems vary in the amount of sunlight, water and nutrients they receive

what has the highest diversity of plant species and will have the highest net primary productivity

pastures

What varies among biomass and factors for NPP

precipitation and temperature

NPP

refers to the RATE of photosynthesis minus respiration

which ecosystems would vary the most over the course of the year

seasonal climates, such as temperate regions

Standing Crop

the amount of biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time. (measures amount of energy in a system at that time)

tropical pyramid

the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy in each tropic level

Net Primary Productivity

the energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy the producers respire

ecological efficiency

the portion of consumed energy that can be passed from one tropic level to another.

productivity is highest where temperatures are _____ and water and solar energy are _____

warm, high

how has the seasonal change impacted productivity in the Chesapeake bay

warmer seasons (late spring and summer) increase productivity, increases consumers. colder seasons (late fall and winter) decrease productivity, limit consumers. Climate change are leading to rise in the coastal flooding, decreases NPP, leading then to a decrease in wildlife abundance and aquatic consumers.

what is an estuaries?

where freshwater nutrients in rivers meet shallow nutrients near the mouth of the ocean

Does NPP vary on ecosystems?

yes