APES SS FINAL

A clock draws 2.0 watts of power and is in operation 8,600 hours per year. The energy usage...

17

The pH at which 50 percent of the Daphnia survive after 2 hours of exposure can be predicted from the data This pH is closest to

4.5

If the population of a country is growing at a rate of 1.75 percent per year, the population will double...

40 years

The LD50 of five chemicals are listed below. Which is the most toxic?

5 mg/km body weight

After 200 million years, only 1/16 of the original amount of a particular radioactive waste will remain. The half-life is how many million years?

50

On the basis of the data, the best prediction of the pH of water in which Daphnia normally found in the wild is

7

Approximately how many more mammal species became extinct in the period 1901-2000 than became extinct in the period 1801-1900?

90

The typical percentage of high quality energy loss in transfers from one trophic level to the next is about

90%

The seismic activities of the Hawaiian Islands and Yellowstone are indicators of....

A mid plate hot spot

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon?

Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere

Which of the following substances is released by CFCs and catalyzes a chain reaction that breaks down ozone in the upper atmosphere?

Chlorine

Which of the following federal laws specifically deals with the cleanup of abandoned hazardous waste sites?

Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility Compensation and Liability Act (Superfund Act)

The use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in the Midwestern United States is a major contributing factor to which of the following?

Creation of low Dissolved Oxygen zones (hypoxia) in the Gulf of Mexico

The main environmental effects of ozone depletion could include all of the following except

Decreased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

Which of the following best represents the percent of water that is used for various purposes worldwide?

E 70% 20% 10%

Which of the following is a major trend in urban population dynamics

Global population in urban areas increasing; In more developed countries urban growth is slower than in less developed countries

Which of the following is the most likely reason that the greatest number of extinctions of bird species occurred in the period 1901-2000?

Increased environmental disturbances from human activities altered bird habitats

Although ozone in the stratosphere has been decreasing in recent years, ozone near Earth's surface is on the increase. This ozone near the surface is undesirable because it

Is a strong oxidant and a respiratory irritant

Which of the following is a feature of integrated pest management?

It makes use of the natural enemies of pests

Many environmentalists consider Egypt's Aswan High Dam on the Nile River to be an ecological disaster. Which of the following is the best evidence to support this viewpoint?

Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam.

Which of the following statements regarding primary wastewater treatment is true?

Much of the solids and sediments are removed from the wastewater.

The processes described above are steps in the purification and treatment of municipal wastewater. The steps are

PSRQ

It is determined that a soil sample is composed of 23% silt, 11% clay, and 66% sand.

Sandy loam

The separation of the various components of crude oil in refineries is accomplished primarily by taking advantage of differences in which of the following?

The boiling points of the components

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?

The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase

Biological controls are frequently used to replace persistent chemical pesticides. Which of the following represents the greatest potential risk of using biological controls?

The control agent attacks not only its intended target but also beneficial species.

A seismically active arc of islands, such as Alaska's Aleutian Island chain, located in the northern end of the "Ring of fire" region is an indicator of

The convergence of oceanic and continental plates

Which of the following is a feature of no-till agriculture?

The land is not plowed, allowing root and stems from the previous crop to remain

Global climate change occurs because increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in

The troposphere absorbs outgoing IR radiation

Which of the following is true of sewage treatment plants in the US?

They are not designed to remove pharmaceutical chemicals from wastewater

Which of the following is true of farm-raised salmon?

They are often infected with parasites and sea lice

All of the following statements about invasive exotic species are true EXCEPT:

They tend to have low reproductive rates

Which of the following has the largest proven coal reserves?

United States

Nonpoint sources of pollution include all of the following except

Wind carrying dirt & pesticides from croplands

Of the following ecosystems, which has the lowest net primary productivity, measured as kilocalories of energy produced per square meter per year?

abyssal zone of ocean

Underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, and bedrock through which groundwater flows

aquifers

The theory of plate tectonics suggests that Earth's crust is made up of a series of plates that float on a more fluid layer of the upper mantle called the

asthenosphere

Some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. These pollutants pose special risks to humans and other organisms hgh on the food chain because of which process?

biomagnification

The primary cause of acid precipitation in the northeastern United States is

burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels to produce electricity

Which of the following is a primary air pollutant produced from burning coal?

carbon monoxide

Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?

clay, silt, sand

Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?

clear-cutting

The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by

coal-burning power plants

Most plastics pose a special problem in the waste stream because they

decompose readily in water when exposed to UV radiation and become a source of pollution

Salmon farming threatens the health of wild salmon stocks primarily because

farmed salmon can spread parasites and disease to wild salmon

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture

glucose

Salinization is a process that makes soil less productive because it

increases the salt content

Which of the following is a common component of photochemical smog and is a reddish-brown has with a pungent odor?

nitrogen dioxide

Which of the following terms refers to the desired material in a mining operation?

ore

Which of the following actions would be the most effective in decreasing acid rain and deposition problems?

reducing use in fossil fuels

Fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following?

reduction in species diversity

Which of the following problems can be best addressed with contour plowing/cropping?

soil erosion

When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate the continental plate usually slides up and over the denser oceanic plate, pushing it down into the mantle, a process called

subduction

Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects?

sulfur oxides — acid precipitation

The freshwater from precipitation and snowmelt

surface water

When a continental plate collides with another continental plate,

the two plates will push each other up into a mountain range

Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of

tragedy of the commons

As a country goes through the demographic transition, the greatest rate of population growth takes place during which phase?

transitional

Evaporation from the leaves of plants into the atmosphere

transpiration

Ozone in the stratosphere is important to organisms at Earth's surface because ozone molecules are very strong absorbers of

ultraviolet rays

In a human population, the population momentum effect is most likely to occur in cases...

younger than 18