APES SS FINAL
A clock draws 2.0 watts of power and is in operation 8,600 hours per year. The energy usage...
17
The pH at which 50 percent of the Daphnia survive after 2 hours of exposure can be predicted from the data This pH is closest to
4.5
If the population of a country is growing at a rate of 1.75 percent per year, the population will double...
40 years
The LD50 of five chemicals are listed below. Which is the most toxic?
5 mg/km body weight
After 200 million years, only 1/16 of the original amount of a particular radioactive waste will remain. The half-life is how many million years?
50
On the basis of the data, the best prediction of the pH of water in which Daphnia normally found in the wild is
7
Approximately how many more mammal species became extinct in the period 1901-2000 than became extinct in the period 1801-1900?
90
The typical percentage of high quality energy loss in transfers from one trophic level to the next is about
90%
The seismic activities of the Hawaiian Islands and Yellowstone are indicators of....
A mid plate hot spot
How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon?
Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere
Which of the following substances is released by CFCs and catalyzes a chain reaction that breaks down ozone in the upper atmosphere?
Chlorine
Which of the following federal laws specifically deals with the cleanup of abandoned hazardous waste sites?
Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility Compensation and Liability Act (Superfund Act)
The use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in the Midwestern United States is a major contributing factor to which of the following?
Creation of low Dissolved Oxygen zones (hypoxia) in the Gulf of Mexico
The main environmental effects of ozone depletion could include all of the following except
Decreased concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere
Which of the following best represents the percent of water that is used for various purposes worldwide?
E 70% 20% 10%
Which of the following is a major trend in urban population dynamics
Global population in urban areas increasing; In more developed countries urban growth is slower than in less developed countries
Which of the following is the most likely reason that the greatest number of extinctions of bird species occurred in the period 1901-2000?
Increased environmental disturbances from human activities altered bird habitats
Although ozone in the stratosphere has been decreasing in recent years, ozone near Earth's surface is on the increase. This ozone near the surface is undesirable because it
Is a strong oxidant and a respiratory irritant
Which of the following is a feature of integrated pest management?
It makes use of the natural enemies of pests
Many environmentalists consider Egypt's Aswan High Dam on the Nile River to be an ecological disaster. Which of the following is the best evidence to support this viewpoint?
Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam.
Which of the following statements regarding primary wastewater treatment is true?
Much of the solids and sediments are removed from the wastewater.
The processes described above are steps in the purification and treatment of municipal wastewater. The steps are
PSRQ
It is determined that a soil sample is composed of 23% silt, 11% clay, and 66% sand.
Sandy loam
The separation of the various components of crude oil in refineries is accomplished primarily by taking advantage of differences in which of the following?
The boiling points of the components
Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?
The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase
Biological controls are frequently used to replace persistent chemical pesticides. Which of the following represents the greatest potential risk of using biological controls?
The control agent attacks not only its intended target but also beneficial species.
A seismically active arc of islands, such as Alaska's Aleutian Island chain, located in the northern end of the "Ring of fire" region is an indicator of
The convergence of oceanic and continental plates
Which of the following is a feature of no-till agriculture?
The land is not plowed, allowing root and stems from the previous crop to remain
Global climate change occurs because increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in
The troposphere absorbs outgoing IR radiation
Which of the following is true of sewage treatment plants in the US?
They are not designed to remove pharmaceutical chemicals from wastewater
Which of the following is true of farm-raised salmon?
They are often infected with parasites and sea lice
All of the following statements about invasive exotic species are true EXCEPT:
They tend to have low reproductive rates
Which of the following has the largest proven coal reserves?
United States
Nonpoint sources of pollution include all of the following except
Wind carrying dirt & pesticides from croplands
Of the following ecosystems, which has the lowest net primary productivity, measured as kilocalories of energy produced per square meter per year?
abyssal zone of ocean
Underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, and bedrock through which groundwater flows
aquifers
The theory of plate tectonics suggests that Earth's crust is made up of a series of plates that float on a more fluid layer of the upper mantle called the
asthenosphere
Some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. These pollutants pose special risks to humans and other organisms hgh on the food chain because of which process?
biomagnification
The primary cause of acid precipitation in the northeastern United States is
burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels to produce electricity
Which of the following is a primary air pollutant produced from burning coal?
carbon monoxide
Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?
clay, silt, sand
Which of the following is a commercially used method for harvesting trees and is most likely to lead to a fragmented landscape with serious impacts on biodiversity?
clear-cutting
The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by
coal-burning power plants
Most plastics pose a special problem in the waste stream because they
decompose readily in water when exposed to UV radiation and become a source of pollution
Salmon farming threatens the health of wild salmon stocks primarily because
farmed salmon can spread parasites and disease to wild salmon
For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture
glucose
Salinization is a process that makes soil less productive because it
increases the salt content
Which of the following is a common component of photochemical smog and is a reddish-brown has with a pungent odor?
nitrogen dioxide
Which of the following terms refers to the desired material in a mining operation?
ore
Which of the following actions would be the most effective in decreasing acid rain and deposition problems?
reducing use in fossil fuels
Fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following?
reduction in species diversity
Which of the following problems can be best addressed with contour plowing/cropping?
soil erosion
When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate the continental plate usually slides up and over the denser oceanic plate, pushing it down into the mantle, a process called
subduction
Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects?
sulfur oxides — acid precipitation
The freshwater from precipitation and snowmelt
surface water
When a continental plate collides with another continental plate,
the two plates will push each other up into a mountain range
Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of
tragedy of the commons
As a country goes through the demographic transition, the greatest rate of population growth takes place during which phase?
transitional
Evaporation from the leaves of plants into the atmosphere
transpiration
Ozone in the stratosphere is important to organisms at Earth's surface because ozone molecules are very strong absorbers of
ultraviolet rays
In a human population, the population momentum effect is most likely to occur in cases...
younger than 18