APES Test: Unit 1
All of the following sequester significant amounts of carbon EXCEPT? A) pumping CO2 into carbonated beverages B) properly managed croplands C) oceans D) phytoplankton E) forests
A
Although only a small percentage of the ocean floor, coral reefs provide all the following benefits except? A) making oxygen by doing photosynthesis B) removing CO2 from the water when they build their calcium carbonate structures C) protecting coastlines from erosion D) providing habitats for many marine organisms E) providing locations for fish catches in developing countries
A
An ecosystem has an ecological efficiency of 10%. If the tertiary consumer level has 1 kcal of energy, how much did the producer level contain? A) 1,000 B) 10,000 C) 90 D) 900
A
Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia to nitrite, then nitrate. A) Nitrification B) Denitrification C) Assimilation D) Ammonification E) Nitrogen Fixation
A
Ocean acidification can dissolve the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in many species including oysters, clams, sea urchins, shallow water corals, deep sea corals, and calcareous plankton. Increasing ocean acidification has also been shown to significantly reduce the ability of reef-building corals to produce their skeletons. As the calcium carbonate shells disintegrate, this releases even more carbon into the ocean water, which causes even further acidification, which causes more shells to disintegrate, etc... What type of feedback cycle is this? * A) positive feedback B) negative feedback C) neither of these
A
The diagram below shows a model of the global movement of water in the hydrologic cycle. Based on the diagram, which of the following statements about the hydrologic cycle is true? A) Water from the ocean evaporated and condenses in the atmosphere B) Surface runoff is the primary recharge of groundwater C) Infiltration of water into the ground prevents water from returning to the oceanic reservoir D) Evapotranspiration from plants decreases atmospheric water vapor
A
The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle. Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification? A) Bacteria B) Producers C) Consumers D) Fungi
A
The nearshore area in a lake where sunlight penetrates all the way to the sediment and allows aquatic plants to grow A) Littoral zone B) Limnetic (or Euphotic) C) Profundal zone D) Benthic zone
A
The zone that has the greatest biodiversity? A-E?
A
These are towed nets that usually consist of a frame with a net bag attached that is pulled from a boat (ex. cod, shrimp) A) trawls B) dredges C) seine nets D) long lines E) traps
A
This biome is found in shallow waters off the coastline and is Earth's most biologically diverse marine biome. A) Coral reefs B) Freshwater wetlands C) Open Oceans D) Rivers
A
When would coral bleaching be more likely to occur? A) an El Nino year B) a La Nina year C) a normal year
A
Which box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds fo the shortest period of time? A) Vegetation B) Sedimentary Rock C) Ocean D) Burning Fossil Fuels
A
Which of the following best describe the first law of thermodynamics? A) In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change in neither created nor destroyed B) Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form C) Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold body D) Entropy of a system increases at the state of disorganization in the system increases E) In a reversible process, the entropy of a system is constant, whereas in irreversible process, the entropy of the system...
A
Which of the following best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity? A) Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight B) Hot temperatures, low rainfall, and constant sunlight C) Cold temperatures, high rainfall and inconsistent sunlight D) Warm temperatures, low rainfall and inconsistent sunlight
A
Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem? A)Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree; one eats acorns, and the other eats insects in the bark. B) A tick uses a white-tailed deer as its host, consuming the deer's blood as food. C) Two individuals from the same population of barn owls hunt for the same species of mouse during the night. D) A mason bee pollinates a variety of flowers in a botanical garden.
A
Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics? A) In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another. B) Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form C) Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold body. D) Entropy of a system increases as the state of disorganization in the system increases. E) In a reversible process, the entropy of a system is constant, whereas in a irreversible process, the entropy of the system increases.
A
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles includes the processes of buffering ocean pH and photosynthesis, as shown in the diagram? A) Carbon cycle B) Nitrogen cycle C) Phosphorus Cycle D) Potassium Cycle
A
Which of the following is in the correct order from smallest to largest? A) organism--> species --> population ---> community ---> ecosystem B) species --> ecosystem --> population --> community ---> organism C)community --> organism --> ecosystem --> population --> species D) ecosystem --> population --> species --> organism --> community E) species --> population-- community--> organism --> ecosystem
A
Which of the following trophic levels represents a primary producer in an aquatic food chain? A) Phytoplankton B) Herbivorous zooplankton C) Carnivorous zooplankton D) Baleen whale
A
Which of the following elements have cycles which include long term storage in rocks and short term storage in the atmosphere? Check all that apply. A) Sulfur B) Carbon C) Nitrogen D) Phosphorus
A, B
Check all of the processes that SEQUESTER carbon A) Photosynthesis B) Cellular Respiration C) Shell and Coral Formation D) Burning of Fossil Fuels E) CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3
A, C, E
A group of organisms belonging to the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another... A) species B) population C) community D) ecosystem E) biosphere
B
Describes cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each other's evolution; (i.e. rough-skinned newt and garter snake) A)convergent evolution B) coevolution C) Predator-Prey Model D) biomimicry E) Resource Partitioning
B
Dissolved oxygen is critical for the survival of animals and plants that live in the water. The more oxygen there is in the water, the healthier the ecosystem is. As the water temperature increases, the amount of oxygen that can dissolve in the water A) increases B) decreases C) is not affected
B
Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how long the energy is transferred? A) If a primary consumer stores 100 kcal of energy, then a secondary consumer that feeds on the primary consumer B) If a primary producer stores 10,000 kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer will have 10 kcal of energy available C) If a primary producer stores 100,000 kcal of energy, then a secondary consumer will have 10,000 kcal of energy a D) If a secondary consumer stores 500 kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer that feeds on the secondary consumer
B
Farmers in a suburban coastal town started being no till agriculture, a practice that reduces soil erosion from their farmland. Use the image below to determine which of the following long-term effects no-till agriculture will have on the ecosystem surrounding the farmland. A) There will be an increased need for fertilizer on farmlands B) there will be less algal growth in the nearby ocean C) There will be less phosphorous pollution in the atmosphere D) There will be an increased deposition of phosphorous-rich sediments
B
Four of the following are ecological and economic services provided by inland wetlands; one is not. Choose the one that is not. A) filtering and degrading toxic wastes and pollutants B) stopping the recharge of groundwater aquifers C) reducing flooding and erosion caused by storms D) helping to retain water resources during dry periods E) helping to maintain biodiversity by providing habitats
B
Mitigation banking.... A) prohibiting fishing in an area to protect the richness of marine life and the environment B) aka "zero net loss"... allows destruction of a wetland as long as an equal area of the same type is created or restored C) permit to catch a certain # of fish; can be sold and traded D) a federal permit that is required to fill any wetland larger than 3 acres E) community-based attempt to use resources in sustainable manne
B
Nitrate and nitrite ions are converted into nitrogen gas by bacteria. A) nitrification B) denitrification C) assimilation D) ammonification E) nitrogen fixation
B
Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level? A) spider B) deer C) lion D) hawk E) snake
B
Phytoplankton are most abundant in the upper levels of most bodies of water because...? A) they can most readily hide from predators there B) sunlight does not penetrate to great depths in water C) as primary producers, they must be accessible to many other organisms D) they are benthic organisms E) they feed on zooplankton, which are found only in the top layers of water
B
Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent... Which of the following statements best supports the results from the study? A) the sika deer are generalists, while the white-tailed deer are specialists B) The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs C) Parasites infected the sika deer population but did not infect the white-tailed deer population D) Change in the local climate reduced the availability of food resources for the white-tailed deer population
B
The diagram below represents steps in the phosphorus cycle. Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram of the phosphorus cycle? A) The largest reservoir of phosphorus is in the atmosphere B) The phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually return to the soil C) Plants take up the phosphate ions primarily from the metamorphic rocks D) Phosphates are not soluble in water
B
The diagram below represents steps in the phosphorus cycle. Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram of the phosphorus cycle? A) the largest reservoir of phosphorus is in the atmosphere B) the phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually return to the soil C) Plants take up the phosphate ions primarily from the metamorphic rocks D) Phosphates are not soluble in water
B
The diagram below shows a model of the global movement of water in the hydrologic cycle. Which of the following best identifies a key component of the hydrologic cycles that powers the movement of water and is missing from the diagram? A) Terrestrial animals B) The Sun C) Bacteria D) Volcanoes
B
The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web? A) the photosynthetic rates of producers B) The flow of energy C) The movement of predators D) The decomposition of matter
B
The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle. Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers? A) nitrogen assimilation B) nitrogen fixation C) Photosynthesis D) Weathering
B
The long term storage of phosphorus is in which of the following A) bacteria B) rocks C) water D) atmosphere E) plants
B
The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area A) Primary Productivity B) Gross Primary Productivity C) Net Primary Productivity D) Cellular Respiration
B
The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are A) weathering and erosion B) photosynthesis and cellular respiration C) evaporation and transpiration D) erosion and deposition
B
The zone in which the greatest total mass of CO2 is absorbed from the atmosphere? A-E?
B
This biome contains a nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees, and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water. A) coral reefs B) freshwater wetlands C) open oceans D) rivers
B
Vegetarianism is often cited as a partial solution to the growing problem of deforestation and other types of habitat destruction as the human population continues to grow. The reason for this is A) vegetarians are healthier due to a lack of animal fat in their diets B) more people can be fed using less agricultural land because vegetarians eat at a lower trophic level C) vegetarians consume fewer calories per person and therefore require fewer acres of farmland D) vegetarian diets often recommend consuming large amounts of tree nuts as a source of protein, which preserves forest habitats E) vegetarians often support conservation efforts that promote forest conservation
B
When two species live in the same habitat and use exactly the same resources, which of the following will probably occur? A) The two species can live together indefinitely. B) One of the species will eventually go extinct. C) One of the species will evolve into a parasite. D) The two species do not interact. E) This competition does not occur in nature.
B
Which of the following is FALSE regarding lake overturn? A) Overturn happens in the spring and fall. B) Overturn brings oxygen from the bottom back to the top of the lake. C) During summer, the lake stratifies with the epilimnion forming on top and the hypolimnion on the bottom D) Overturn is important to help nutrients that sunk to the bottom of the lake to mix back in. E) During winter, the lake may stratify again, often with a layer of ice on the top.
B
Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity? A) Desert B) Tropical Rainforest C) Taiga D) Savanna
B
Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area? A) Desert B) Tropical Rain Forest C) Boreal Forest D) Savanna
B
Which of the following threats to biodiversity would fall under the category of the introduction of an exotic or invasive species? I. Reintroducing black-footed ferrets into Wyoming II. Sea lampreys swimming up the Erie canal to enter the Great Lakes III. Bringing wolves into Yellowstone National Park. A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and III E) II and III
B
Which of the following was one of the major goals of the program that began in 1995 to reintroduce the gray wolf into Yellowstone National Park? A) Decrease the number of grizzly bears, because they were becoming a nuisance. B) Enable the removal of the gray wolf from the endangered species list. C) Upset the natural predator-prey relationship of the area and eliminate the trophic cascades D) Reduce the amount of vegetation in the river valleys
B
Which of the following would relate to the profundal zone? A) rooted plants B) low light and oxygen levels C) dead matter D) main photosynthetic layer E) high light and oxygen levels
B
Check all that are processes that RELEASE carbon A) Photosynthesis B) Cellular Respiration C) formation of sedimentary rocks such as bituminous coal or limestone D) Forest Fires E) Thermal Decomposition of calcium carbonate during cement making
B, D, E
A geologic formation that contains water in quantities sufficient to support a well or spring, in which the upper boundary is the water table... A) Zone of Aeration B) Zone of Saturation C) Unconfined aquifer D) Confined aquifer E) Recharge Zone
C
A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480 kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2000 kilocalories/meters2/year. Which of the following approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome? A) 200 kilocalories B) 1, 480 kilocalories C) 2,000 kilocalories D) 5,480 kilocalories
C
In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae? A) competition B) predation C) mutualism D) parasitism
C
Nitrification...? A) N2 → NH3 and NH4+ B) decomposers break waste down to NH4+ C) NH4 → NO2- → NO3 - D) plants absorb NO3- E) NO3- → N2
C
Of the freshwater that is not trapped in snow packs or glaciers, most of it is trapped in...? A) lakes B) rivers C) aquifers D) dams E) estuaries, marshes, and bogs
C
Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is A) high per area unit and thus can support a high proportion of producers B) high as a result of the high concentration of nutrients in the open oceans C) low per area unit, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton D) low per area unit, but the individual producers found there are huge in size E) low per area unit, but still higher than that of all other ecosystems of
C
Plant roots absorb nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins A) Nitrification B) Dentrification C) Assimilation D) Ammonification E) Nitrogen Fixation
C
The diagram above best illustrates major processes in which of the following biogeochemical cycles? A) the Carbon cycle B) the nitrogen cycle C) the phosphorus cycle D) the Water cycle
C
The diagram below shows a model of the global movement of water in the hydrologic cycle. Which of the following reservors of freshwater are missing from the diagram? A) Fossil Fuels B) Rocks C) Ice Caps D) Algae
C
The diagram below shows a particular terrestrial food web. Based on the food web shown above, which of the following correctly describes the flow of energy through the tropic levels from producers to quaternary consumers? A) Red-tailed hawk, grasshopper mouse, grasshopper, rattlesnake, brittlebush B) Red-tailed hawk, rattlesnake, grasshopper mouse, grasshopper, brttlebrush C) Brittlebrush, grasshopper, grasshopper mouse, rattlesnake, red-tailed hawk D) Brittlebrish, red-tailed hawk, rattlesnake, grasshopper mouse, grasshopper
C
The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle. The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs? A) Terrestrial plants B) Soil Bacteria C) The atmosphere D) Sedimentary Rock
C
The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis A) Primary Productivity B) Gross Primary Productivity C) Net Primary Productivity D) Cellular Respiration
C
Which of the following best helps explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems? A) there is usually a gaseous stage in the phosphorus cycle B) phosphorus cycles very quickly through environments C) phosphorus forms stable, insoluble compounds in rocks, which are slow to weather D) phosphate is not readily taken up by plants E) there are no anthropocentric sources of phosphorus
C
Which of the following elements is most likely to limit primary production in freshwater lakes (which is the limiting factor)? A) Oxygen B) Calcium C) Phosphorus D) Carbon E) Nitrogen
C
Which of the following is NOT found as a gas in the atmosphere? A) carbon B) nitrogen C) phosphorus D) sulfur
C
Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in? A) carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis B) carbon compounds rarely exists in the gaseous state C) carbon sinks include forests and oceans D) the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced through the process of cement making E) carbon is found in rocks, except for limestone
C
Assimilation A) N2 → NH3 and NH4+ B) decomposers break waste down to NH4+ C) NH4 → NO2- → NO3 - D) plants absorb NO3- E) NO3- → N2
D
Characteristics typical of an oligotrophic lake include which of the following? I. High Dissolved oxygen content II. High primary productivity III. Clear water A) I B) II C) III D) I and III E) I, II, and III
D
Elements that cycle in the environment and that also have gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following? I. Carbon II. Phosphorus III. Sulfur A) I only B) III only C) I and II only D) I and III only E) I, II, and III
D
Marine sediments that form limestone are a major sink for this element. A) Sulfur B) Phosphorus C) Potassium D) Carbon E) Nitrogen
D
Oysters, clams, and lobsters would be part of which of the following? A) phytoplankton B) zooplankton C) nekton D) benthos E) decomposers
D
Sharks... A) are worth more economically for fishing than for ecotourism in the Bahamas. B) are typically not threatened by humans, since they are not a major food source. C) decrease the abundance of coral reefs, since they eat larger predatory fish, which feed on herbivores. D) help remove the weak and the sick as well as keeping the balance with competitors helping to ensure species diversity.
D
The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of photoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram of large fish in this food web? A) 1 g B) 10 g C) 100 g D) 1,000 g
D
The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Which trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web? A) Phytoplankton B) Herbivorous zooplankton C) Baleen Whale D) Killer Whale
D
The graph below shows the results obtained when two species of Paramecium were grown together in the same medium. The graph best exemplifies A) mutualism B) convergent evolution C) the edge effect D) competitive exclusion E) the normal distribution
D
The largest reserves of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following? Nitrogen Sulfur A) Rocks Rocks B) Rocks Vegetation C) Rocks Atmosphere D) Atmosphere Rocks E) Atmosphere Atmosphere
D
The terrestrial biomes shown in the diagram vary in net primary productivity. The explanation for the variation includes which of the following? I. Temperature II. Precipitation III. Longitude A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II only E) II and III only
D
This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material. A) Coral reefs B) Freshwater wetlands C) Open ocean D) Rivers
D
This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time. A) Primary Productivity B) Gross Primary Productivity C) Net Primary Productivity D) Cellular Respiration
D
Which of the boxes represents a carbon source? A) Vegetation B) Sedimentary Rock C) Ocean D) Burning of Fossil Fuels
D
Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near-surface marine ecosystems? A) Decomposers break down dead or decaying organisms to release energy and nutrients to be used by producers B) Chemoautotrophs use inorganic energy sources, such as hydrogen sulfide, to create organic compounds from carbo C) Apex predators feed on other organisms, which releases heat that can be used by producers and primary consumers D) Producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter, such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and are
D
Which of the following is FALSE regarding zooxanthellae? A) They provide up to 90% of the coral's energy. B) They are a symbiotic algae living in the tissues of coral. C) They are expelled from coral during periods of unusually high temperatures, known as coral bleaching. D) They are a primary consumer. E) They give coral their color
D
Which of the following is a PRO of aquaculture? A) transfer disease and parasites to wild fish populations B) pollute water systems with excess nutrients (fish feed and wastes) C) chemicals and antibiotics are used D) helps to take stress off wild fish population E) compromise native gene pods if farmed fish and native species interbreed
D
Which of the following regions of the ocean is LEAST likely to contain photosynthetic organisms? A) Intertidal zone B) Zone of coastal upwelling C) Euphotic zone D) Abyssal zone
D
Which of the following statements is FALSE? A)When environmental conditions are rapidly changing, a generalist is usually better off than a specialist. B) The fundamental niche of a species is the full range of physical, chemical, and biological factors it could use if there were no competition. C) The competitive exclusion principle states that no two species with the same fundamental niche can indefinitely occupy the same habitat. D) Interspecific competition is competition between two members of the same species. E) Resource partitioning limits competition by two species using the same resource at different times, in different ways, or in different places.
D
Which of the following would be a characteristic of a eutrophic lake? A) rocky bottom B) high dissolved oxygen C) low NPP D) well-supplied with nutrients for producers E) very clear water
D
the net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8000 kcal/m2 per year. if respiration by the aquatic producers is 12000 kcal/m2 per year the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem in kcal/m2 per year? A) 4,000 B) 8,000 C) 12,000 D) 20,000 E) 96,000
D
Plants/animals die or make waste and decompose convert the nitrogen found is the waste and dead organisms back into ammonium A) nitrification B) dentrification C) assimilation D) ammonification E) nitrogen fixation
D) Ammonification
All of the following statements about invasive species are true EXCEPT: A) They may compete with native species for food. B) They may prey on native species. C) They are generally introduced by human activity. D) They may be plant or animal species. E) They tend to have low reproductive rates.
E
An energy transformations occur and results in increased disorder; so you can never have 100% energy transfers some energy as always lost A) Heat flow B) Kinetic Energy C) Potential Energy D) First Law of Thermodynamics E) Second Law of Thermodynamics
E
Barnacles and whales are an example of...? A) Mutualism B) Competition C) Predation D) Parasitism E) Commensalism F) Amensalism
E
Formula for cellular respiration... A) CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 B) CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6+ O2 C) C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O D) 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2 E) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
E
Saltwater intrusion into groundwater occurs most often when A) Surface salts from irrigation water seep into the ground B) storms at sea create unsually low tides C) less surface water reaches the water table D) salt water is pumped into aquifers to replenish water tables E) the water table near the coast drops, often from humans over pumping groundwater from coastal freshwater wells
E
Which of the following best represents the percent of water that is used for various purposes worldwide? A) Agric. 10%; Industr. & Municipal 20%; Resident. and Commer. 70% B) Agric. 20%; Industr. &Municipal 30%; Resident. and Commer. 50% C) Agri. 30%; Indust. & Municipal 50%; Resident. & Commer. 20% D) Agri. 50%; Indust. & Municipal 10%; Resident. & Commer. 40% E) Agri. 70%; Industr. & Municipal 20%; Resident. & Commer. 10%
E
Which of the following correctly diagrams the nitrogen cycle? A) NO3+ --> NO2- --> N2 --> NH4+ --> NH3 --> NO3+ B) Nh4+ --> H2NO3 --> NH3--> N2 --> NO2- --> N2 C) NO2- --> NO3- --> N2 --> NH3 --> NH4+ D)NH4+ --> N2 --> NH4+ --> NO3- --> NH3 --> N2 E) N2 --> NH4_ --> NO2- --> NO3- --> N2
E
Which of the following is NOT a way that humans have increased flooding and the issue caused by them? A) Land-use activities such as urbanization increase runoff volume and rate B) Decrease of wetlands, vegetation, and other natural defenses C) Agriculture and deforestation D) Speeding up the water cycle due to climate change results in more frequent storms and floods E) By moving away from floodplains and coastal zones
E
Which of the following is usable by plants for assimilation A) N2 ---> Nitrogen gas B) NH3 ----> ammonia C) NH4+ ----> ammonium D) NO2- ---> nitrite E) NO3- ---> nitrate
E
The net primary productivity of an ecosystem is 25kg C/m2/yr, and the energy needed by the producers for their own respiration is 30 kg C/m2/yr. The gross primary productivity of such an ecosystem is? A) 5 kg B) 10 kg C) 25 kg D) 30 kg E) 55 kg
E) 55 kg
For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture ___________ to store as chemical energy for future use
glucose
