MicroBiology Chapter 2 Study Guide
Enzymes are substances that speed up biological reactions are
Proteins
How does 14C differ from 12C. What is the atomic number of each carbon atom? The atomic weight?
The Atomic number for carbon is 6 Atomic carbon -12 has 6 neutrons atomic weight is 12 Atomic carbon -14 has 8 neutrons and atomic weight is 14
Which of the following nitrogenous bases in NOT found in a RNA molecule
Thymine
In a decomposition reaction
a larger molecule is broken down into its component molecules ions or atoms
THe best denfition of ATP is that it is
a molecule that supplies energy to do work
Polysaccharides
consists of ten or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis
What is formed by sharing electrons?
covalent bond
The chemical reaction is used to remove chlorine from water. What type of reaction is it? HCIO+NA2SO3->Na2SO4+HCI
exchange reaction
Sucrose can be hydrolyzed into
glucose and fructose
A bond formed from the attraction between ions of opposite charge is called
ionic bond
What is the polarity of a water molecular important>
it is important because it is a solvent that dissolves polar/charged substances
Acidic solutions have a pH that is
less than 7
organic molecules
molecules that contain carbon bonded with other elements and or other carbon atoms
Water has an unequal distribution of charges and is called
polar molecule
Assume E. coli are grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 16N. After a 48-hour incubation period, the 16N would most likely be found in the E. coli's
proteins
Monosaccharide
simple sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms glucose galctose frutcose
An isotope of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic weight of 18. How many neutrons does it have?
10
A carbonated drink ph 3 is times more acid than distilled water
10,000
valance shell electrons
2 in the first shell 8 in the second and third shell levels
covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Disaccharide
A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. lactose maltose sucrose
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)is hydrolyized to release a phosophate and energy becomes
ADP
Ionic bond
Are attractions between ions of opposite charges that holds them together to form a stable molecule
What is the smallest component of a pure substance that exhibits physical and chemical properties of that substance?
Atom
Which of the following is an organic molecule
C18H29SO3 (Styrofoam)
Glucose, Sucrose, and cellulose are examples of
Carbohydrates
If E. coli were grown in a medium containing the radioactive isotope 32P, the 32P would be found in all of the following molecules of the cell except
Carbonhydrates
If Pseudomonas bacteria are supplied with radioactively labeled cytosine, after a 24-hour incubation period this cytosine would most likely be found in the cells'
DNA
Which type of bond exists between adjacent molecules of water
Hydrogen bond
Atoms with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei are called
Isotopes