MicroBiology Chapter 2 Study Guide

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Enzymes are substances that speed up biological reactions are

Proteins

How does 14C differ from 12C. What is the atomic number of each carbon atom? The atomic weight?

The Atomic number for carbon is 6 Atomic carbon -12 has 6 neutrons atomic weight is 12 Atomic carbon -14 has 8 neutrons and atomic weight is 14

Which of the following nitrogenous bases in NOT found in a RNA molecule

Thymine

In a decomposition reaction

a larger molecule is broken down into its component molecules ions or atoms

THe best denfition of ATP is that it is

a molecule that supplies energy to do work

Polysaccharides

consists of ten or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis

What is formed by sharing electrons?

covalent bond

The chemical reaction is used to remove chlorine from water. What type of reaction is it? HCIO+NA2SO3->Na2SO4+HCI

exchange reaction

Sucrose can be hydrolyzed into

glucose and fructose

A bond formed from the attraction between ions of opposite charge is called

ionic bond

What is the polarity of a water molecular important>

it is important because it is a solvent that dissolves polar/charged substances

Acidic solutions have a pH that is

less than 7

organic molecules

molecules that contain carbon bonded with other elements and or other carbon atoms

Water has an unequal distribution of charges and is called

polar molecule

Assume E. coli are grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 16N. After a 48-hour incubation period, the 16N would most likely be found in the E. coli's

proteins

Monosaccharide

simple sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms glucose galctose frutcose

An isotope of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic weight of 18. How many neutrons does it have?

10

A carbonated drink ph 3 is times more acid than distilled water

10,000

valance shell electrons

2 in the first shell 8 in the second and third shell levels

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

Disaccharide

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. lactose maltose sucrose

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)is hydrolyized to release a phosophate and energy becomes

ADP

Ionic bond

Are attractions between ions of opposite charges that holds them together to form a stable molecule

What is the smallest component of a pure substance that exhibits physical and chemical properties of that substance?

Atom

Which of the following is an organic molecule

C18H29SO3 (Styrofoam)

Glucose, Sucrose, and cellulose are examples of

Carbohydrates

If E. coli were grown in a medium containing the radioactive isotope 32P, the 32P would be found in all of the following molecules of the cell except

Carbonhydrates

If Pseudomonas bacteria are supplied with radioactively labeled cytosine, after a 24-hour incubation period this cytosine would most likely be found in the cells'

DNA

Which type of bond exists between adjacent molecules of water

Hydrogen bond

Atoms with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei are called

Isotopes


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