APES Water Pollution test
Over half of the total mass of pollutants entering streams and lakes comes from
non-point pollution from agriculture
Which of the following are a point source of water pollution
offshore oils wells
About ___ of the 100,00 medium to large lakes in the United Stated suffer from some degree of cultural eutrophication
one-third
Which of the following substances are removes to the greatest extent by combined primary and secondary wastewater treatment
organic oxygen-demanding wastes
A body of water can be depleted of its oxygen by
organic waste
Heat, organic wastes, and inorganic plant nutrients may all deplete dissolved ___ from water
oxygen
One class of pollutants that can cause a population explosion of aerobic bacteria is
oxygen-demanding wastes
The common limiting factor in fresh water lakes most often emphasized in pollution prevention approaches is
phosphorus
In Chesapeake Bay, 60% by weight of phosphates come from __ and 60% by weight of nitrates come from ___
point sources; non point sources
Which of the following would not reduce cultural eutrophication
prevent as much outflow or drainage as possible from the lake
The only effective way to protect groundwater is to
prevent contamination
Crude estimates indicate that up to __of usable groundwater in the United States is contaminated
1/4
Less then ___ % of the water entering the Great Lakes leaves the St. Lawrence River
1
____ of the worlds population lives on or without one hundred and sixty miles of the coast
40%
About ___ of U.S lakes were tested unsafe for fishing, swimming, and other recreational uses
44%
The Great Lakes processes ___ % of all surface freshwater in the United States
95%
The largest estuary in the United States is
Chesapeake Bay
The oil company responsible for the oil spill of the Valdez was
Exxon
Which of the following is false about fertilizers?
Inorganic nutrients such as fertilizers have no adverse affects on aquatic ecosystems
Which of the following statements about lakes is true?
Lakes are more vulnerable than streams to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, pesticides, and toxic substances that can destroy bottom life
Which of the following types of sewage treatment is properly matched
advances-physical and chemical processes
The leading non point source of water pollution is
agriculture
The Pfiesteria piscida microbe can transform from algae eaters to fish-killing dinoflagellates when
all of the answers conditions are met
Coastal waters can be protected from excess water pollution by
all of these answers
Farmers can reduce pesticide runoff by
all of these answers
Farmers can sharply reduce fertilizers runoff by
all of these answers
In most developed countries, large fish kills and contamination of drinking water are caused by
all of these answers
Sources of groundwater contamination include
all of these answers
The Clean Water Act and Water Quality Act attempt to maintain the __ integrity of U.S waters
all of these answers
The effects of an oil spill depend on the
all of these answers
Waste heat can
all of these answers
Water pollution from oil can be prevented by
all of these answers
Thermal pollution
can kill organisms adapted to a particular temperature range by thermal shock
One chemical cleaning method for cleaning up oil spills is
coagulating agents
To further sustainable use of water supplies, environmentalists are least likely to call for
decentralization of control of water supply and quality
Which of the following aquatic ecosytems in most capable of diluting, dispersing, and degrading large amounts of sewage, sludge, and oil
deep water ocean
All of the following methods are likely to aid restoration of Chesapeake Bay oyster population except
developing new recipes fro oyster stew to enhance public appreciation of oysters
Livestock growers can control runoff of animal wastes from feedlots and barnyards by
diverting runoff of animal wastes into detention basins
Ocean dumping bans are in effect for all of the following substances except
dredge spoils
Which one of the Great Lakes first showed intense effects of water pollution
erie
The Clean Water Act could be strengthened by all of the following strategies except
establishing national effluent standards
The greatest source of water pollution in terms of total mass is
fertilizers
The water pollution and control laws intact in the 1970s have done all but which of the following
forced municipalities to take their water supply from the downstream side of the city
One fish in ___ taken from the Great Lakes is unsafe for human consumption
four
Which of the following is not an input control over cultural euthrophication
harvesting excess weeds
Under the London Dumping Convention of 1972, 100 countries agreed not to dump
highly toxic pollutants and high level radioactive wastes in the open sea beyond boundaries of national jurisdiction
Which of the following stages of cultural euthrophication occurs last
increase in anaerobic bacteria
A change in the U.S Safe Drinking Water Act that is least likely to be recommended by an environmentalist
increased reliance on voluntary compliance to drinking water standards
Nitrates and phosphates are examples of
inorganic plant nutrients
One class of pollutants that can cause excessive growth of algae is
inorganic plant nutrients
Which of the following is a non point source of water pollution?
logged forest
The most common problem encountered by seabirds coated with oil is
loss of buoyancy and insulation, causing deaths from exposure
Experts rate groundwater pollution as a
low risk ecological but high risk health problem
Of the following organisms, the ones least likely to be killed by heavy oil components are
marine birds
Which of the following statements is false about rivers and lakes
rivers are more vulnerable than lakes to contamination by plant nutrients, oil, toxins and pesticides
The majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes from
runoff from land
To determine the presence and concentration of water pollutants, scientists are least likely to use
satellite photographs
Which of the following decreases photosynthesis in bodies of water
sediment or suspended matter
Chesapeake Bay has been quite vulnerable to pollution because it is
shallow and flushed 1% of the pollutants that enter it
In cultural euthrophication, game fish die from
suffocation from lack of oxygen
Of the following sources of oil in the environment, the one which contributes least is
tanker accidents and blowouts at offshore drilling rigs
Which of the following statements is false about oxygen
the amount of oxygen in rivers increases as water's temperature rises
Since 1972, the massive pollution control program for the Great Lakes has reduced
the coliform level
Which of the following is false about oil spills
the environment recovers more slowly from crude oil spills than from refined oil spills
Areas that depend of surface water for their drinking supply generally do all of the following except
treat with ozone and fluoride to kill bacteria
Of the following, the most ecologically responsible way to dispose of sewage sludge is
treating with heat to kill harmful bacteria, removal of toxic metals, and using as fertilizer
Groundwater can be protected least by
using advanced sewage treatment
All of the following are cleanup methods of controlling cultural eutropication except
using advanced waste treatment
Thermal water pollution can be reduced by all of the following methods except
using more electricity
Acids, salt, and metals are examples of
water-soluble inorganic chemicals
Of the following organisms, the ones least likely to be affected by ocean debris are
zoo plankton