APHG 8-4
Why did bin Laden issue a declaration of war against the US in 1996?
Because of the US support for Saudi Arabia and Israel
What caused the war in Pakistan?
It spilled over from its Western neighbor Afghanistan
What happened to the nuclear reactor near Baghdad in Iraq in 1981?
It was destroyed by Israeli planes because nuclear weapons to attack Israel were allegedly being made
What is COMECON and when was it formed?
It was formed in 1949, contained the 8 European Communist states from the Warsaw Pact plus Cuba, Mongolia, and Vietnam and it promoted trading and sharing of natural resources
What is the EU and when was it formed?
It was formed in 1958 and was designated to heal Western Europe's scars from World War II when Nazi Germany, in alliance with Italy who was one of the first 6 members, conquered the other 4 of the first members of the EU
Why did the United States attack Afghanistan in 2001?
Its government was sheltering bin Laden and other al-Quaeda terrorists
What is the most dramatic terrorist attack against the United States?
Septemer 11, 2001
For how long have US relations with Libya been poor?
Since 1981 when a US aircraft shot down attacking Libya warplanes
What would both superpowers do to prevent an ally from becoming too independent?
Use military force if necessary
When did hostility between the United States and Iran start?
1979
What did the six years of Taliban rule in Afghanistan suppress?
A civil war that had raged on and off since the 1970s when the king was overthrown
What was the Warsaw Pact?
A military agreement among Communist Eastern European countries to defend each other in case of attack. It discouraged a third German invasion of the Soviet Union in the 20th century
What did NATO offer Eastern European countries?
A sense of security against any future Russian threat and participation in a common united Europe
How does terrorism differ from assassination and other acts of political violence?
Attacks are aimed at ordinary people rather than at military targets or political leaders
Which two states have most likely provided sanction for al-Quaeda terrorists?
Afghanistan and Pakistan
Who were some of the terrorists in the 1990s?
American citizens operating alone or with a handful of others
What is Jemaah Islamiyah?
An al-Quaeda franchise with local concerns specifically with establishing fundamentalist Islamic governments in Southeast Asia
How is the European Parliament elected?
By the people in the member sates of the EU simultaneously
Why do states compete with each other?
Control of territory, access to trade and resources, and influence over other states
Crossing borders in Europe is a ________ instead of a ________ experience
Cultural instead of a political
What is the most important type of alliance with the end of the Cold War?
Economic rather than military
How many superpowers were there before World War I?
Eight
What is the world's healthiest market?
Europe
Which single bank was given responsibility for setting interest rates and minimizing inflation throughout eurozone?
European Central Bank
What were the two economic alliances that formed in Europe during the Cold War?
European Union (EU) and Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)
What do Muslims struggle with concerning al-Quaeda?
Expressing their disagreement to the policies of t governments in the United States and Europe but disavow the use of terrorism
What did the United States accuse Iran of?
Harboring al-Quaeda members and trying to gain influence in Iraq
What was US official's justification for removing Hussein?
He had created biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction that could fall into the hands of terrorists
What did President John F. Kennedy do about the Cuban Missile Crisis?
He went on national TV to demand that the missiles be removed and he ordered a naval blockade to prevent additional Soviet material from reaching Cuba
In Europe, who fills low paying jobs that Europeans are not willing to perform?
Immigrants from poorer regions of Europe, Africa, and Asia
What have the European countries been opposing (migration-wise)?
Immigration from the South and East of people with darker skin and adhere to Islam
What have the economically weaker countries in the eurozone been forced to do since the 2008 recession?
Implement harsh and unpopular policies such as drastically cutting services and raising taxes
What is the African Union (AU)?
It places emphasis on promoting economic integration in Africa
What is the Organization of American States (OAS)?
It promotes social, cultural, political, and economical links among member states
Who killed bin Laden and where was it?
In a compound in Pakistan by the Navy SEALS
What did the US-led Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm) result in?
Iraq being driven out of Kuwait but Hussein remained in power
What is the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)?
It is an active forum for countries concerned with ending conflicts in Europe, especially in the Balkans and Caucasus. It doesn't directly command armed forces, but it can call upon member states to supply troops if necessary
What is the most noticeable element of cultural diversity in Europe, and also the most fundamental obstacle to European integration?
Language
What do many Europeans fear?
Large-scale immigration will transform their nation-states into multiethnic societies
What happened when no state could dominate because there was a large number of states ranked as great powers of approximately equal strength?
Major powers joined together to form temporary alliances
Why can goods, services, capital, and people move freely through Europe?
Most barriers to free trade have been removed
Which two military alliances dominated by the two superpowers did most European states join after World War II?
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) or the Warsaw Pact
Who patrolled major bodies of water?
Naval fleets
Is Libya still considered a state sponsor for terrorism?
No
Is al-Quaeda a single unified organization?
No, it also encompasses local franchises concerned with country-specific issues as well as imitators and emulators ideologically aligned with al-Quaeda but not financially tied to it
How was al-Quaeda funded?
Osama bin Laden's several-hundred-million-dollar inheritance from his father
What have Iraq and Iran been accused of?
Providing material and financial support for terrorists
How does al-Quaeda justify their attacks?
Religion
What have happened to the organizations established during the Cold War era since the Cold War ended?
Some of them have flourished and found new role while others have withered
What are farmers and economically depressed regions provided with?
Subsidies
What have the economically stronger countries in the eurozone been forced to do since the 2008 recession?
Subsidize the weaker states
Where did US intelligence believe bin Laden was hiding out?
Taliban-controlled mountains of western Pakistan
What are violence and wars increasingly instigated by with the lessening of the Cold War era military confrontation?
Terrorist organizations not affiliated with particular states or alliances
Which states were the world's two superpowers during the Cold War era?
The Soviet Union and the United States
Why did the Soviet Union send its armies into Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968?
To install more sympathetic governments
Who was responsible for most of the terrorist attacks against the United States?
The al-Quaeda networks founded by Osama bin Laden
Why were global and regional organizations established during the Cold War era?
To prevent a third world war in the twentieth century and to protect countries from a foreign attack
What was the most dramatic step taken toward integrating Europe's nation-states into a regional organization?
The creation of the eurozone
What did the division of the world into military alliances during the Cold War result from?
The emergence of two states as superpowers
What is the common currency of the eurozone?
The euro
Who have been the most recent admissions to the EU?
The former members of COMECON which disbanded in the 1990s after the fall of communism
When was the Cold War era?
The late 1940s to the early 1990s
What is Commonwealth?
The members seek economic and cultural cooperation. UK and former British colonies
How many people are involved in al-Quaeda?
The number is unknown
Why did nearly every country in the UN support Operation Desert Storm?
The purpose was to end one country's unjustified invasion and annexation of another
What did Hussein order in 1988?
The use of poison gas on Iraqi Kurds
What was the principle objective for NATO allies?
To prevent the Soviet Union from overrunning West Germany and other smaller countries
What is currently the main task of the EU?
To promote development within the member states through economic and political cooperation
Where have Jemaah Islamiyah terrorist activities been concentrated in?
The world's most populous Muslim country, Indonesia
What was troubling to the international community about Iran?
Their aggressive development of a nuclear program
What is much of the EU's budget spent on?
Translating documents into other languages
What did the Soviet Union do in 1962?
They began to secretly construct missile launching sites in Cuba less than 90 miles away from US territory
How do states in the Middle East provide support for terrorism?
They can provide sanctuary for wanted terrorists, supply terrorists with weapons, money, and intelligence, and plan attacks using terrorists
Why did few countries support the US-led attack on Iraq in 2003?
They did not agree with the US assessment that Iraq still possessed weapons of mass destruction or intended to use them
How and why did the Soviet Union end the missile crisis?
They dismantled the missiles after they were faced with irrefutable evidence that they existed
What did the United States and the Soviet Union do to maintain strength in regions that were not contiguous to their own territory?
They established military bases in other countries where ground and air support were in proximity to local areas of conflict
Why were both superpowers able to quickly deploy armed forces in different regions of the world?
They were both very large states
What are three distinctive characteristics of terrorists?
Trying to achieve their objectives through organized acts that spread fear and anxiety, viewing violence as a means of bringing widespread publicity to goals and grievances, and believing in a cause so strongly they are not hesitant to attack
Which two non-European states were part of NATO?
United States and Canada
Why did the US lead an attack on Iraq in 2003?
To dispose Saddam Hussein
Why did the United States send troops to the Dominican Republic in 1965, Grenada in 1983, and Panama in 1989?
To ensure they would remain allies
Why do states form alliances with other states?
To further their competitive goals
Have there been any other al-Quaeda attacks since 9/11?
Yes
