APHG Chapter 12 Study Guide
1) Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in A) agriculture. B) manufacturing. C) services. D) education. E) cities.
A
2) In the United States about ________ percent of all jobs are in consumer services. A) 50 B) 10 C) 5 D) 75 E) 25
A
22) The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the A) gravity model. B) population model. C) distance decay. D) gravitational model. E) threshold model.
A
24) Periodic markets are likely to feature A) vendors who move from town to town. B) prices that change on a seasonal schedule. C) large sales after the holiday season. D) a daily offering of business services throughout the year. E) consumer goods that change periodically in the central business district.
A
27) Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of A) economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors. B) economic, service, industrial, and infrastructure factors. C) central place theory and gravity models. D) hinterland models. E) political and infrastructure factors.
A
28) A ________ is an example of a settlement that specializes in public services. A) state capital B) hospital C) large casino complex D) shopping mall E) retirement community
A
3) Consumer services include A) educational, retail, wholesale, health and social, leisure, and hospitality jobs. B) educational, retail, wholesale, professional, and financial service jobs. C) educational, retail, wholesale, and financial service jobs. D) health and social, professional, and financial service jobs. E) wholesale, social, leisure, and information service jobs.
A
33) Global cities are defined by A) the number and type of business services found there. B) their total population. C) their location relative to other cities. D) the number of museums, monuments, and universities they offer. E) their total population in relation to major capital cities.
A
34) The attraction of the outsourced "call center" industry to locate in India can best be explained by A) low wages and the wide use of English. B) low wages and geographic situational factors. C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students. D) Indian students' ability to work at night and geographic situational factors. E) low wages and desperate conditions.
A
35) The attraction of the outsourced "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by A) bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. B) low wages, bank secrecy laws, and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students in the Cayman Islands. D) the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries and the hiding of prostitution and capital crimes. E) corporate greed and the hiding of unethical and illegal behaviors, including prostitution.
A
37) Two major benefits many LDCs offer in terms of global financial services are A) tax breaks and privacy. B) command and control centers and low wages. C) dependent centers and tax breaks. D) command and control centers and dependent centers. E) privacy and low wages.
A
4) In the United States educational services account for about ________ percent of jobs. A) 10 B) 2 C) 1 D) 35 E) 25
A
40) What technical development has allowed back-office functions to relocate to LDCs? A) telecommunications B) standard time zones C) improved public health services in tropical countries D) financial market reforms E) effective trademark enforcement
A
44) A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a A) basic industry. B) functional classification. C) nonbasic industry. D) primate city. E) consumer service.
A
45) One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is A) manufacturing of durable goods. B) manufacturing of textiles. C) entertainment and recreation facilities. D) government and education. E) high technology services.
A
46) Richard Florida's research identified a relationship between the distribution of A) talent and cultural diversity. B) central places. C) talent and economic prosperity. D) rural and urban settlements. E) business and consumer services.
A
5) Which of the following is NOT primarily a consumer service? A) transportation services B) retail and wholesale services C) education services D) health services E) hospitality services
A
53) The most significant impact that Great Britain's enclosure movement made on the rural landscape was to A) produce more of a dispersed rural settlement pattern. B) reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. C) discourage urbanization. D) increase the rural population. E) improve transportation.
A
65) Urbanization can be analyzed by looking at the increase in the ________ of people living in cities. A) number and percentage B) number and homogeneity C) percentage and density D) density and heterogeneity E) size and density
A
8) The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian
A
10) The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian
B
11) A central place is a A) hinterland. B) market center. C) range of a good. D) rank-size distribution. E) hexagonal settlement.
B
19) A primate city is A) a city with political, economic, and cultural functions. B) at least twice as large as the next smaller city. C) the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. D) a rapidly growing city. E) the center of gravity for a hinterland.
B
47) Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it A) changes the community's functional classification. B) stimulates new nonbasic industries. C) disrupts the central place hierarchy. D) changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements. E) replaces obsolete industry.
B
54) Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? A) Middle Atlantic B) New England C) Southeast D) Coastal margins E) West
B
55) The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to A) destroy traditional village life. B) promote agricultural efficiency. C) replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads. D) discourage urbanization. E) create an aristocracy.
B
61) Typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the A) dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town. B) placement of buildings around a central market square. C) demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town. D) provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches. E) broad avenues in residential districts.
B
74) Which of the following is NOT true about the world's fastest-growing cities? A) Rural to urban migration accounts for a significant increase in urban population in developing countries. B) The high urban growth in the developing world suggests considerable industrialization and economic development. C) High natural increase rates contribute to substantial urban growth. D) Las Vegas, Nevada, Austin, Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia, are among the fastest growing cities in the developed world. E) Tokyo, Seoul, and New York City are the only three cities in the developed world in the top 10 of the world's largest cities.
B
9) The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is A) a circle. B) a hexagon. C) a square. D) a pentagon. E) an octagon.
B
13) The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian.
C
14) Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are A) more numerous and closer together. B) more numerous and farther apart. C) less numerous and farther apart. D) less numerous and closer together. E) more numerous.
C
17) If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? A) central place B) economic base C) primate city D) rank-size E) equidistant
C
20) If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? A) 50,000 B) 100,000 C) 200,000 D) 500,000 E) 5,000,000
C
21) The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is A) directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it. B) directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland. C) directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. D) directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it. E) directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area.
C
23) A food desert is usually associated with A) rust belt cities. B) hydroponic cultivation in arid environments. C) parts of the country where fresh fruit, vegetables, and other healthful whole foods are unavailable, usually found in impoverished areas. D) markets in the Southwest United States. E) sweets like cakes, candies, or pies.
C
25) Periodic markets A) are found only on the continent of Africa. B) are direct competition to the service providers in developing regions. C) are found in both developing and developed nations in both rural and urban areas. D) are associated with holiday shopping seasons. E) contribute to the existence of food deserts.
C
56) The most prominent structure in the ancient city of Ur was the stepped temple called the ________, which was built about 4,000 years ago. A) pyramid B) Great Pyramid C) Ziggurat D) cathedral E) Parthenon
C
57) The most prominent structure in the ancient city of Athens was the ________, which still overlooks the city. A) pyramid B) Great Pyramid C) Parthenon D) cathedral E) Ziggurat
C
58) Because of its centrality in an ancient communications network, we still have the old saying "All roads lead to ________." A) Paris B) Athens C) Rome D) Genoa E) London
C
60) The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A.D. brought about what change in urban settlements? A) development of city-states B) rapid urbanization C) reduction in urban population D) revival of urban life E) increased trade
C
62) Most people in the world live in what type of settlement? A) clustered rural B) dispersed rural C) urban settlement D) agricultural E) primordial
C
18) The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the A) primate city. B) economic base. C) gravity model. D) rank-size rule. E) nesting of settlements.
D
26) Which of the following is NOT true about periodic markets around the globe? A) In Africa, markets occur every 3 to 7 days based on ethnic differences. B) Korean periodic markets are timed with the lunar cycle. C) China's periodic markets are timed to fit 3 10-day cycles in a lunar month. D) Muslim markets operate every day of the week. E) Chinese markets operate within a 3-city arrangement of which one is the central market.
D
38) What factors determine where back-office services will locate in LDCs? A) political stability and cultural diversity B) market threshold and service range C) military training and proximity to command and control centers D) low wage rates and workers who can speak English E) tax advantages and bank secrecy laws
D
39) Back-office functions are also called A) business-process offshore banking. B) market threshold outsourcing. C) command and control centering. D) business-process outsourcing. E) tax advantage outsourcing.
D
43) Which of the following is most likely a basic economic activity? A) video rental store B) grocery store C) gas station D) steel mill E) travel agency
D
51) A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement? A) urban B) linear rural C) dispersed rural D) clustered rural E) primordial
D
52) The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of A) collective land ownership. B) common grazing land. C) inheritance laws. D) need for access to a river. E) long distance between farms.
D
66) Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that A) the people you know socially are probably the same ones you see at work. B) the people are more alike than in rural settlements. C) people compete for limited space. D) there are many different kinds of people in cities. E) people play a specialized role in the urban economy.
D
36) LDCs specialize in what two types of global business services? A) management consulting and staff training B) regional command and control centers C) biotechnology and medical research D) entertainment and recreation E) offshore financial and back office
E
59) Which of the following is considered to be a hearth of urban settlement? A) Rome B) North Africa C) southern Africa D) Australia E) Mesopotamia
E
63) Heterogeneity is more a characteristic of A) suburban and rural communities. B) ancient urban centers than modern urban centers. C) manufacturing centers and rural populations. D) rural and urban centers. E) urban centers than rural communities.
E
64) Urban residents are generally more tolerant of ________ than are the residents of rural communities, but residents of urban settlements often feel that they are surrounded by people who are indifferent and reserved. A) discrimination B) political insiders C) tax shelters D) uniform social behavior E) diverse social behavior
E
