APHG test review

What is the definition of desertification?

A form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desert-like condition

What effect does consumer food choices have on food production?

Buying local, organic, or fair-trade crops helps create markets for certain types of agriculture.

Where does most subsistence agriculture occur?

Peripheral countries

What is a benefit of Precision agriculture?

Pinpoints accuracy to specific parts of fields in order to maximize crop yields, reduce waste, and preserve the environment.

What economic factors affect food production and distribution?

Storage and transportation issues can lead to food waste, and government policies can affect farmers' decisions and help or harm food consumption.

Which is an accurate example of an agricultural hearth?

Indus River Valley

Why does infrastructure play a vital role in agriculture?

Infrastructure is in place to efficiently produce and distribute crops and livestock.

What is the purpose of "Farm subsidies"?

Farm Subsidies help struggling farmers and to make sure there was enough food being produced for American consumption

World War II farmers in the American Midwest shifted from farming many crops to focus on one or two crops, this is an example of ________?

Monoculture

Which is an example of a producer-consumer relationship?

A family receiving fresh produce from the farmers market down the road

What was one of the most important new technologies of the second agricultural revolution?

A horse-drawn seed drill

Why is Africa considered a dual agricultural economy?

Africa has two agricultural sectors in the same country. There are both subsistence farmers and well developed commercial operators

The Harappan civilization was based primarily in two large cities- Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro as well as in other towns and villages is an example of a(n) ______?

Agricultural hearth

Which is in the correct order of the food supply system?

Agricultural inputs, producers, processors, distributors, retailers and food services, consumers

Which of these is NOT a type of extensive agriculture process?

Monocropping

Brazil's agricultural sector, tripling its grain production is an example of _____?

Biotechnology

The island of Madagascar off the coast of Africa has three-quarters of the word vanilla fields. The vanilla bean is an example of Madagascar's _________?

Cash crop

Explain the economic importance of a cash crop to its region?

Cash crops can make the area's total money value group and impact how people live. If they aren't selling due to complications, then the economy is going to fall.

What 4 environmental factors affect agriculture?

Climate, elevation, soil, and topography

What are agricultural practices influenced by?

Economic forces, availability of capital, government policies, and consumer preferences

What does sustainable agriculture encompass?

Environmental, economic, and social practices designed for the long term.

Why does most commercial farming occur in core and semi-peripheral countries?

Farmers in core countries have more access to capital, and have the resources to invest in equipment, land, and materials to participate in commercial farming.

What is a con that opponents have about GMOs?

GMOs threaten biodiversity and could have negative health effects on humans.

What is the definition of the bid-rent theory?

How land value determines how a farmer will use the land either intensively or extensively.

What do Geographers refer to land cover change as?

How the surface of lands is altered by different land uses, and how humans use the land

What is an example of an environmental consequence agricultural techniques have?

Land cover change caused by agriculture can result in erosion or land degradation.

Describe two environmental limitations of biotechnology?

May decrease ag biodiversity, Decrease in foil fertility

How can politics impact a country's supply chain?

Political instability can affect the global supply chains with varying degrees of damage to countries and their economies.

What were the first animals to be domesticated?

Sheep and goats

Where did domestication first take place?

Southwest Asia

What is the major difference between subsistence and commercial farming practices?

Subsistence agriculture is growing food for survival, while commercial agriculture is growing food for profit to sell to customers

Domestic producers of soy are given price advantages, making soy imports less expensive. Consumers, however, face higher prices for producers that contain soy. This is an example of______?

Tariffs

What is a benefit to empowering women in agriculture?

The benefit of better nutrition for families and greater food production overall

What is the definition of domestication?

The deliberate effort to grow plants and raise animals, making plants and animals adapt to human demands, and using selective breeding to develop desirable characteristics.

What is the definition of food insecurity?

The disruption of a household's food intake or eating patterns because of poor access to food.

When was the second agricultural revolution?

The early 1700s

What is the most accurate assumption of the Von Thunen Model?

There is only one means of transportation.

What is a consequence of the Green Revolution on the food supply and environment in the periphery?

There was a widespread synthetic pesticides consisting of powerful chemicals, and this polluted the water supply, and created many health problems for the people.

What are some of the different climate regions?

Tropical climates, temperate climate, mediterranean, and polar climates.

What is the definition of vertical integration?

When a company controls more than one stage of the production process