APLAC FINAL

Hyperbole

extreme exaggeration used to make a point

POINT OF VIEW

1st Person, 3rd Person objective, Omniscient, Limited, Stream of consciousness

Sensory description

Auditory, Visual, Olfactory, Gustatory, Tactile

The Fourth of July

Audre Lorde

RHETORICAL STRATEGIES

Contrast/Comparison, Cause/Effect, Classification, Process, Definition, Narration, Description. Rhetoric is an umbrella term of all the strategies, modes, and devices a writer can employ to allow the reader to easily accept and understand his or her point of view.

DICTION

Denotation, Connotation, Analogy, symbolic aspects of language choices. Word choice, refers to the conscious selection of words to further the author's purpose.

MODE OF DISCOURSE

Description, Argumentation, Narration, Exposition (DANE). Discourse means conversation. For the writer, conversation takes place between the text and the reader. To communicate with the reader, the writer uses a particular method or combination of methods to his or her ideas clear to the reader.

A Hanging

George Orwell

Shooting an Elephant

George Orwell

Dear White America

George Yancy

Civil Disobedience

Henry David Thoreau

TONE

If you miss tone, you miss everything. See style chart for types of tones.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE AND IMAGERY

Imagery is the written creation of sensory experience achieved through the use of figurative language such as

Notes of a Native Son

James Baldwin

On War

James Boswell

On Keeping A Notebook

Joan Didion

Letters from Birmingham Jail

MLK Jr.

DISCOURSE

Means convention. Takes place between the text and the reader. To communicate with the reader, the writer uses a particular method or combination of methods to make his or her ideas clear to the reader

I Just Wanna be Average

Mike Rose

On Being a Cripple

Nancy Mairs

My Periodic Table

Oliver Sacks

Superman and Me

Sherman Alexie

How it Feels to be Colored Me

Zora Neale Hurston

Phrase Clauses

a clause is a group of words that does have a subject and a verb

Synecdoche

a part of something that represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part

Synonym

a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or other words in a language

Onomatopoeia

a word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing

Passive Voice

action is being performed on the subject by the verb

RHETORIC

an umbrella term for all strategies, modes, and devices a writer can employ to allow the reader to easily accept and understand his or her POV

ANALYSIS OF RHETORICAL STRUCTURE

carefully read passage, identify strategies and determine how these strategies are utilized to develop the author's purpose

ORGANIZATION

chronological, spatial specific to general, general to specific, least to most, important (vise versa), Flashback or flash forward, contrast/comparison, cause and effect

Analogy

comparison b/w two unlike things explaining something unfamiliar by comparing it to something familiar

Poetic devices

metaphor, hyberbole, onomatopoeia, personification, oxymoron, metonymy, synecdoche, alliteration, assonance, consonance, satire, synonym

STYLE

not what is said, but how it is said. Be able to recognize and explain how these elements function: subject matter, selection of detail, point of view, diction, figurative language, imagery, attitude, tone, pacing, syntax, and organization. CHECK STYLE HANDOUT. (Subject matter;

Assonance

repetition of vowel sounds in very words

Consonance

repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase

Metonymy

replaces the name of thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated

Active Voice

subject is performing the action

ANALYSIS

take apart a particular passage and divide it into its basic components for the purpose of examining how the writer develops their subject. AP requires analysis of Structure, Purpose, and Style

Author's Attitude

talking down (advisor or satirist), eye-to-eye (equal), talking up (subordinate)

Metaphor

the comparison of one thing to another w/o the use of like or as

Simile

the comparison of one thing to another with like or as

PACING

the movement of a literary piece from one point to another (syntax)

Satire

trenchant wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly

Alliteration

two or more words in a phrase or line of poetry share the same beginning sound

Personification

when something that is not human is given human characteristics

Oxymoron

when two contradictory words are together in one phrase