APLAC FINAL
Hyperbole
extreme exaggeration used to make a point
POINT OF VIEW
1st Person, 3rd Person objective, Omniscient, Limited, Stream of consciousness
Sensory description
Auditory, Visual, Olfactory, Gustatory, Tactile
The Fourth of July
Audre Lorde
RHETORICAL STRATEGIES
Contrast/Comparison, Cause/Effect, Classification, Process, Definition, Narration, Description. Rhetoric is an umbrella term of all the strategies, modes, and devices a writer can employ to allow the reader to easily accept and understand his or her point of view.
DICTION
Denotation, Connotation, Analogy, symbolic aspects of language choices. Word choice, refers to the conscious selection of words to further the author's purpose.
MODE OF DISCOURSE
Description, Argumentation, Narration, Exposition (DANE). Discourse means conversation. For the writer, conversation takes place between the text and the reader. To communicate with the reader, the writer uses a particular method or combination of methods to his or her ideas clear to the reader.
A Hanging
George Orwell
Shooting an Elephant
George Orwell
Dear White America
George Yancy
Civil Disobedience
Henry David Thoreau
TONE
If you miss tone, you miss everything. See style chart for types of tones.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE AND IMAGERY
Imagery is the written creation of sensory experience achieved through the use of figurative language such as
Notes of a Native Son
James Baldwin
On War
James Boswell
On Keeping A Notebook
Joan Didion
Letters from Birmingham Jail
MLK Jr.
DISCOURSE
Means convention. Takes place between the text and the reader. To communicate with the reader, the writer uses a particular method or combination of methods to make his or her ideas clear to the reader
I Just Wanna be Average
Mike Rose
On Being a Cripple
Nancy Mairs
My Periodic Table
Oliver Sacks
Superman and Me
Sherman Alexie
How it Feels to be Colored Me
Zora Neale Hurston
Phrase Clauses
a clause is a group of words that does have a subject and a verb
Synecdoche
a part of something that represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part
Synonym
a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or other words in a language
Onomatopoeia
a word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing
Passive Voice
action is being performed on the subject by the verb
RHETORIC
an umbrella term for all strategies, modes, and devices a writer can employ to allow the reader to easily accept and understand his or her POV
ANALYSIS OF RHETORICAL STRUCTURE
carefully read passage, identify strategies and determine how these strategies are utilized to develop the author's purpose
ORGANIZATION
chronological, spatial specific to general, general to specific, least to most, important (vise versa), Flashback or flash forward, contrast/comparison, cause and effect
Analogy
comparison b/w two unlike things explaining something unfamiliar by comparing it to something familiar
Poetic devices
metaphor, hyberbole, onomatopoeia, personification, oxymoron, metonymy, synecdoche, alliteration, assonance, consonance, satire, synonym
STYLE
not what is said, but how it is said. Be able to recognize and explain how these elements function: subject matter, selection of detail, point of view, diction, figurative language, imagery, attitude, tone, pacing, syntax, and organization. CHECK STYLE HANDOUT. (Subject matter;
Assonance
repetition of vowel sounds in very words
Consonance
repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase
Metonymy
replaces the name of thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated
Active Voice
subject is performing the action
ANALYSIS
take apart a particular passage and divide it into its basic components for the purpose of examining how the writer develops their subject. AP requires analysis of Structure, Purpose, and Style
Author's Attitude
talking down (advisor or satirist), eye-to-eye (equal), talking up (subordinate)
Metaphor
the comparison of one thing to another w/o the use of like or as
Simile
the comparison of one thing to another with like or as
PACING
the movement of a literary piece from one point to another (syntax)
Satire
trenchant wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly
Alliteration
two or more words in a phrase or line of poetry share the same beginning sound
Personification
when something that is not human is given human characteristics
Oxymoron
when two contradictory words are together in one phrase