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Barter system

A barter system is an old method of exchange. Th is system has been used for centuries and long before money was invented. People exchanged services and goods for other services and goods in return.

Beginning in the 1830s

A defense of slavery became the overwhelming current in southern society

Within the slaves world

A diversity of occupations and circumstances developed

Political machine

A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.

In the cotton producing south

A viable but often vulnerable African American community developed

Market revolution impact on south

In the South, the Market Revolution, particularly in the deep South, was characterized by the expansion of cotton agriculture, famously facilitated by the invention of the cotton gin. Far from the idyllic plantations romanticized in historical memory, hunger for new lands to cultivate cotton led to rampant speculation and aggressive land-grabs in the fertile black belts of western Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi (and later Texas.) This not only led to the deportation of Southeastern Indians, but created a insatiable demand for slave labor. Because the foreign slave trade was banned, southern planters turned to the border South, particularly Virginia, where there was a labor surplus. This led to one of the other defining characteristics of the Market Revolution, namely the internal slave trade. Thousands of slaves were taken in coffles to the Deep South, where they labored on the new plantations.

Is Andrew Jackson a common man

-Andrew Jackson's election started a new era in American politics, the "Age of Common Man".-Jackson was no common man: he was a military hero, a rich slave owner, and an imperious and decidedly undemocratic personality.-Jackson's nickname was "Old Hickory" because he was tough and unbending, just like hickory itself.-Yet he had a mass appeal to ordinary people, unmatched.

Major events between 1800 and 1840

-Before 1800 - voting was restricted to property owners or taxpayers - less than half the white male population. -Rapid westward expansion bolstered national pride and fostered a spirit of self-reliance as noted by Andrew Jackson. -Nine new states west of the Appalachians entered the Union between 1800 and 1840. -Kentucky was the first western state to enact white male suffrage without tax or property qualifications. -Most of the new western states allowed all white males over twenty-one the right to vote including Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio. -The reason for increased suffrage was very practical: -competition for votes between parties or factions of parties (Bucktails v Clintonians) -The War of 1812 was influential to universal suffrage for white males: -the property less men who served in militia service in that war questioned why they were eligible to fight but not to vote -By 1840, more than 90 percent of adult white males in the nation could vote. -These new votes could vote for more officials: -Governors and presidential electors (now elected by direct vote) -Universal white manhood suffrage was not universal as it excluded both: -free African American males and women

Y did South Carolina threaten to cedede

-South Carolina had been the hardest hit by the opening of the new cotton lands in the Old Southwest. On index of South Carolina's changed status was the declining position of Charleston. -In this sense, although the Nullification Crisis was about tariff, it was also about the greatest of all sectional issues, slavery.

New organizations of Market Revolution, stable or not?

Another key to the rapidly changing economy of the early Industrial Revolution were new organizational strategies to increase productivity. This had begun with the "OUTWORK SYSTEM" whereby small parts of a larger production process were carried out in numerous individual homes. This organizational reform was especially important for shoe and boot making. (Stability) But it was also unstable because children worked with large machines, the working places were unstable or safe and their wee strikes against bosses and wage riots.

As industrial production became more common in the US

Attitudes toward the nature of work and leisure change profoundly

As the us approached the 1850s

Because of its commitment to slavery the souths role in national politics began to change

What moved farmers from subsistence to commercial

Better transportation, mprovmenta in agriculture machinery, availability of rich inexpensive land in heartland

Market revolution impact on north

Broadly speaking, in the North, the Market Revolution led to increased urbanization and economic integration. A major part of both of these trends was industrialization, of which the textile industry was the most prominent example. The market revolution also saw rapid growth of infrastructure in the North, including state and federally-subsidized roads, canals, and eventually railroads. Additionally, the Market Revolution, as well as other external forces (especially famine in Ireland) led to massive immigration during the 1830 and especially the 1840s.

As a result of large scale cotton production in south

Capital in the region was concentrated in land and slaves

An important characteristic of industrial production was the

Concentration and centralization of the workforce

Antebellum south

Cotton gin and slaves made them very wealthy and productive.

Slave changes

Could live with family Got Sunday off Holidays off

First 3rd party

DEFINITION of 'Third-Party Insurance' An insurance policy purchased for protection against the actions of another party. Third-party insurance is purchased by the insured (first party) from an insurance company (second party) for protection against another party's claims (third party).

Why were Berun and Clinton rivals

DeWitt Clinton was an aristocrat in wealth, connections, and attitude who represented old-style politics. During his first terms as governor, he ran the New York Jeffersonian Republican party as though it were his personal property, dispensing patronage to relatives and friends on the basis of their loyalty to him, rather than their political principles. Clinton's use of patronage to reward friends at the expense of young party loyalists infuriated Van Buren and other rising politicians. Thus, Van Buren took advantage of the growing strength of the Jeffersonian Republican Party in New York to wrest control of the party from Clinton and forge it into a new kind of political organization.

The breakdown of the traditional systems of production in the US

Dramatically altered the role of women in their families and their place in the American society

Temperance

Drinking was banned from workers because they worked with heavy and dangerous machinery and needed a clear head in order to work but many of the immigrants were angered by this new rule.

Election of 1840

Election of 1840 William Henry Harrison (Whigs) with John Tyler as VP, "hard cider and log cabins" campaign Vs. Martin Van Buren (Democrats).

In the south during the year prior to 1850

Free african Americans experianced tremendous social and racial discrimination

The organization of slave labor on large plantations came to be known as the

Gang system

The growth of the middle class in the US

Helped define new and differing roles for men and women

The emergence of the market economy

Helped encourage expansion into the western territories

The market revolution

Helped set the stage for conflicts between traditional values and new ideals

One of the most striking this about the southern slave system

How much humanity survived despite the audio brutality of slaves

Election of 1828

It featured a re-match between incumbent President John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson, the runner-up in the election of 1824.

Factors that led to Jacksonville election

Jackson's party, Democrats, spoke the language of democracy, and chose John C. Calhoun as his running mate which ensured Southern support.

Revolution of 1800

Jefferson's view of his election to presidency. Jefferson claimed that the election of 1800 represented a return to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. Jefferson's goals for his revolution were to restore the republican experiment, check the growth of government power, and to halt the decay of virtue that had set in under Federalist rule.

Andrew Jackson nicknames

King Mob The Hero of New Orleans Old Hickory

In years following the American revolution

Large-scale cotton production and the slave system on which it depended made the south quite different than the north

Yeoman

Lesser man, attendant, or slave in royal/noble house

Lowell mills

Lowell Mills refers to the many mills that operated in the city of Lowell, Massachusetts during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Mechanization

Mechanization or mechanisation (BE) is the process of doing work with machinery. In an early engineering text a machine is defined as follows:

Middle class values

Men: -industrial -strong -responsible -income Women: cook -clean -household boys: taught craft skills and farming girls: taught to cook and clean. Developed because of market revolution. Men had to work longer hours and women had to run household.

South distinctive

More conservative Central role of agricture Developed own customs and music, cuisine, books, literature, and styles

At the beginning of the 1800s

Most Americans lived lives that were family and community based

North vs south labor

North had slaves working in factories. South was big on farms and plantations.

Nullification

Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. The theory of nullification has never been legally upheld by federal courts.

The ideology that southerners developed to rationalize their treatment of slaves was

Paternalism

Penny papers

Penny press newspapers were cheap, tabloid-style newspapers produced in the United States from the 1830s onwards. . Mass production of inexpensive newspapers became possible following the shift from hand-crafted to steam-powered printing.[1] Famous for costing one cent while other newspapers which cost around 6 cents, penny press papers were revolutionary by making the news accessible to working and middle class citizens for a reasonable price.

Preindustrial vs industrial workers

Preindustrial families worked around home and built things for the community and themselves and learned outside skills. Nous trial workers worked away from home in unsafe places with low wages.

Black Christianity was a religion that

Provided a sense of spiritual freedom that profoundly shaped slave culture

The new focus of sentimentalism in America

Provided a special code of appropriate behavior for the middle class

During the 1790 -1840

Religion generally strengthened and reinforced the emerging middle class values and characteristic of the market revolution

Henry clay

Representative responsible for the Missouri compromise between free and slave states

Samuel morse

Samuel F.B Morse an American painter of portraits and historic scenes, the creator of a single wire telegraph system, and co-inventor, with Alfred Vail, of the Morse Code

Samuel Slater

Samuels mills provided a substantial amount of work for people but despite that it still caused disagreements. Such as the -building of mill dams -taxes -unkept roads -over schools

Flatboat wars

Skirmish between flatboat men tied up at the metmphis wharf and city officials and militiamen intent on putting taxes on them through wharf fee

Tariff

Taxes on imported goods and services

Changes election of 1824 marked

The 1824 election marked a dramatic end to the political truce or Era of Good Feelings that James Monroe had established in 1817. As the election of 1824 showed, along with the spread of universal male suffrage went a change in popular attitudes that spelled the end of the dominance of small political elites. A print revolution had helped to democratize politics by spreading word far beyond the nation's cities about the parades, protests, and celebrations that became a basic part of popular democracy.

Bank war

The Bank War refers to the political struggle that developed over the issue of rechartering the Second Bank of the United States (BUS) during the Andrew Jackson administration (1829-1837).

Bucktails

The Bucktails (1818-1826) were the faction of the Democratic-Republican Party in New York State opposed to the canal policy of Governor DeWitt Clinton.

The revolutionary transportation development of the 1820s was

The Erie canal

Jacksons cabinet

The Kitchen Cabinet was a term used by political opponents of President of the United States Andrew Jackson to describe his ginger group, the collection of unofficial advisers he consulted in parallel to the United States Cabinet

National road

The National Road was the first major improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal government. About 620 miles long, the National Road connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and was a gateway to the West for thousands of settlers. Wikipedia

Seneca falls convention

The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19-20, 1848.

Trail of tears

The Trail of Tears is a name given to the forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

Election of 1824

The United States presidential election of 1824 was the 10th quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824. John Quincy Adams was elected President on February 9, 1825, after the election was decided by the House of Representatives in what was termed the Corrupt Bargain.

A critical element in the American Industrial Revolution was

The capital produced by southern cotton growers

Erie Canal

The completion in 1825 of the Erie Canal (below), connecting Lake Erie with the Hudson River, was an event of major importance in Michigan history because it greatly facilitated the transportation of passengers and freight between the eastern seaboard and Michigan ports.

Steam engine

The completion in 1825 of the Erie Canal (below), connecting Lake Erie with the Hudson River, was an event of major importance in Michigan history because it greatly facilitated the transportation of passengers and freight between the eastern seaboard and Michigan ports.

One result of the slaves excistence was

The development of strong familial and non-kinship relationships

Sectionalism and nationalism during era of good feelings

The first few years of Monroe's presidency were blessed with peace, liberty, and progress. However, the prosperity following the War of 1812 collapsed, the Panic of 1819 took hold, and a resurgence of sectionalism erupted. The Panic of 1819 marked the end of the economic expansion that followed the War of 1812. It featured deflation, depression, bank failures, foreclosures, unemployment, a slump in agriculture and manufacturing, and overcrowded debtors' prisons. It was the first national economic panic since Washington took office. Henry Clay came up with a plan called the "American System" that drew upon the nationalism Americans were still feeling after the War of 1812. Clay's plan for developing profitable American markets had three main parts: a strong banking system to provide abundant credit, a protective tariff to ensure successful eastern manufacturing, and internal improvements, such as a network of roads and canals.

Just price

The just price is a theory of ethics in economics that attempts to set standards of fairness in transactions. With intellectual roots in ancient Greek philosophy, it was advanced by Thomas Aquinas based on an argument against usury, which in his time referred to the making of any rate of interest on loans.

From 1790 until the 1840s

The largest group of slave owners were small independent farmers hoping to improve their economic circumstances

The key to achieving the universal being of transcendentalism was

The natural world

A major difference between preindustrial production and factory work was

The precise and unrelenting work schedule in factories

Revolution vs war of 1812

The revolutionary war was a rebellion against the legitimate government of the time. In the end it resulted in the independent nation of the United States of America. The rebels in this case were the clear winners, they gained autonomy from the English crown. the war of 1812 was a war between two independent nations, Britain and the US. There was no clear winner in the war of 1812. The US has forever claimed victory, but really it was a negotiated peace to end a war the British didn't want to fight. They were already at war with France, and did not want to devote the resources necessary for a decisive win in America. But the Us did not fare well militarily in general. Their capital city was sacked and burned, they lost most of the battles, but they did manage to put up enough fight that they could negotiate a favourable end to the war

One unanticipated result of the transportation revolution was

The spread of epidemic diseases throughout much of the nation

Steam boat

The steam engine was important because it was the first engine ever created, could do work faster than a human, didn't need rest

Market revolution created a larger gap between rich a poor. Affected?

The wealthy held about 40% of all the cash while the poorer end of the scale literally had nothing to their name. (More people were poor fyi) almost everyone had cheap housing, unstable jobs at best, and could hardly support the,selves and yet more people (immigrants) were coming.

Robert Owen and Charles (utopians)

They wanted a perfect world with no unemployment, no poverty, wanted children to become garbage collectors.

Change in voting system

Thomas Jefferson eventually won in 1800 after 36 votes in the House of Representatives, which forever changed how presidential elections were held. This election exposed the weaknesses of Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution, which instructed how the president was to be elected. After the 1800 election, these weaknesses were addressed by the adoption of the 12th Amendment. This pivotal election also saw the advent of the two-party political system.

Title magician

Van Burgen

John C Calhoun

Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification.

A crucial element in the rapid growth of cotton production between 1790 and 1840

Was the technology innovation that occurrd in Great Britian

Daniel Webster

Webster Leading American statesman during the Antebellum Period; leader of the Whig Party, opposed Jackson and the Democratic Party; spokesman for modernization, banking, and industry; served in the House of Representatives, Senate, and Secretary of State for 3 presidents; successful lawyer; member of the Great Triumvirate with Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.

Liberty cap

a soft, conical cap given to a freed slave in ancient Rome at manumission of his servitude, used as a symbol of liberty, especially since the 18th century.

Putting out system

domestic system, also called Putting-out System, production system widespread in 17th-century western Europe in which merchant-employers "put out" materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes laboured in workshops or in turn put out work to others.