APUSH Ch. 1 and 2

"In 1564 approximately three hundred Huguenots - French Protestants - built a colony they called Fort de la Caroline in Timucua country..." - Daniel Richter, Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America, 2001 Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support Richter's argument in the excerpt? a. Narrative examples of other Spanish attempts at empire-building in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries b. Spanish records of population decline in la Florida c. Archaeological findings of Huguenot remains at their settlement site d. Diplomatic correspondence between Spanish and French leaders

a. Narrative examples of other Spanish attempts at empire-building in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

"The [Pueblo] uprising The 1680 uprising was no isolated event..." - Historian Edward Countryman, "The Pueblo Revolt" As seen in the passage, which of the following was a similarity between Spanish and British colonizers? a. Spain and Britain often resorted to violence to control native populations. b. Neither Spain nor Britain had any interest in converting native populations. c. Neither Spain nor Britain attempted to change the native populations they encountered. d. Spain and Britain both largely incorporated native cultures into their lifestyles.

a. Spain and Britain often resorted to violence to control native populations.

"The [Pueblo] uprising The 1680 uprising was no isolated event..." - Historian Edward Countryman, "The Pueblo Revolt" The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was a reaction to which of the following? a. The introduction of the encomienda and repartimiento systems b. The introduction of slave labor into the Americas c. Complete assimilation of Native Americans into European culture d. European disinterest in converting natives to Christianity

a. The introduction of the encomienda and repartimiento systems

"It is a heavily populated land. We asked why they did not sow maize..." - Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Castaways, 1542 The ideas in this passage most clearly reflect which of the following? a. Most Europeans believed that Natives in the New World were unfairly persecuted by Europeans b. Advanced understandings among Native Americans of agriculture during the period c. European notions of cultural and intellectual superiority over Native Americans d. Policies of the Catholic church, which encouraged conversion of natives

b. Advanced understandings among Native Americans of agriculture during the period

"It is a heavily populated land. We asked why they did not sow maize..." - Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Castaways, 1542 Which of the following contributed most to the issues de Vaca describes in the passage? a. Increasingly clear cultural understandings as languages were translated b. Cultural misunderstandings between Native Americans and Europeans during the age of encounter c. The development of labor systems such as the encomienda system d. Increasing contact between Native Americans and Europeans during the 16th century

b. Cultural misunderstandings between Native Americans and Europeans during the age of encounter

"In 1564 approximately three hundred Huguenots - French Protestants - built a colony they called Fort de la Caroline in Timucua country..." - Daniel Richter, Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America, 2001 The events described by Richter most directly illustrate which of the following developments of the sixteenth century? a. Indian labor was used to support plantation agriculture. b. European nations competed for new sources of wealth in the Atlantic world. c. Changing technology drove economic development in Europe and the Americas. d. Spanish traders often partnered with West Africans to recruit slave labor.

b. European nations competed for new sources of wealth in the Atlantic world.

"[The land in the New World] is a marvel; the mountains and hills, and plains, and fields, and land, so beautiful and rich for planting and sowing..." - Letter from Christopher Columbus to Luis de Santángel, 1493 Which of the following occurred as a result of the kind of encounter seen in the passage? a. A decline in technological superiority of Europeans b. Increased intermixing of culture in the Americas c. A decrease in economic exchange through triangle trade d. Increasing homogenization of culture in the Americas

b. Increased intermixing of culture in the Americas

"Therefore...enacted...that noe person or persons whatsoever within this Province..." - Maryland Toleration Act, April 21, 1649 All of the following statements are true of the period in which the legislation was enacted except: a. Increasing commerce from the colonies promoted a wide exchange of goods in the Atlantic community. b. Native American sovereignty was respected by the colonial governments and by the British government. c. The colonies were operating relatively independently of the British government. d. Protestant evangelism was a significant motivation for settlement of the British colonies.

b. Native American sovereignty was respected by the colonial governments and by the British government.

"Therefore...enacted...that noe person or persons whatsoever within this Province..." - Maryland Toleration Act, April 21, 1649 The legislation excerpted above reflects which of the following historical trends? a. The New England colonies were founded as a largely homogenous society. b. Religious toleration existed in some, but not all, of the British colonies. c. Religious toleration existed primarily in southern colonies. d. The middle colonies developed societies which were religiously homogenous.

b. Religious toleration existed in some, but not all, of the British colonies.

"Therefore...enacted...that noe person or persons whatsoever within this Province..." - Maryland Toleration Act, April 21, 1649 Which of the following was most likely a causal factor in the development of the kind of legislation seen in the excerpt? a. British efforts to restrain the colonies and impose imperial policies b. The emergence of a trans-Atlantic print culture c. Changes in gender roles in the middle colonies as women became politically active d. The clash between European settlers and Native Americans

b. The emergence of a trans-Atlantic print culture

"[The land in the New World] is a marvel; the mountains and hills, and plains, and fields, and land, so beautiful and rich for planting and sowing..." - Letter from Christopher Columbus to Luis de Santángel, 1493 Which of the following had the most significant impact on developing the economy (as described in the passage), which would evolve between 1491 and 1607? a. The growth of racially mixed populations in the Americas b. The introduction of slave labor and the encomienda system c. Increasingly complex cultural exchanges between Europeans and natives d. The development of sophisticated transportation networks

b. The introduction of slave labor and the encomienda system

"It is a heavily populated land. We asked why they did not sow maize..." - Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Castaways, 1542 This passage by de Vaca reflects which of the following? a. Technological improvements introduced by Europeans produced changes to Native American economies. b. The spread of maize culture in North America, which had occurred prior to the Encounter. c. New crops from Europe stimulated native cultures immediately after the Encounter. d. European exploration of the Americas was fueled by desire for wealth.

b. The spread of maize culture in North America, which had occurred prior to the Encounter.

"[Spaniards'] reason for killing and destroying such an infinite number of souls is that the Christians have an ultimate aim, which is to acquire gold..." - Bartolomé de las Casas, A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies, 1552 Spanish expansion described in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following trends? a. The growth of republican notions of self-government b. Increasing immigration from the old world to the new world c. Debates over how "civilized" native populations were d. Increasing political autonomy for natives

c. Debates over how "civilized" native populations were

"[Spaniards'] reason for killing and destroying such an infinite number of souls is that the Christians have an ultimate aim, which is to acquire gold..." - Bartolomé de las Casas, A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies, 1552 The ideas expressed by de las Casas were the result of which of the following? a. The introduction of domesticated livestock into the Western Hemisphere b. The introduction of African slave labor into the Americas c. European exploitation of native populations and resources d. Widespread deadly epidemics caused by encounters with Europeans

c. European exploitation of native populations and resources

"[The land in the New World] is a marvel; the mountains and hills, and plains, and fields, and land, so beautiful and rich for planting and sowing..." - Letter from Christopher Columbus to Luis de Santángel, 1493 Which of the following cultural and economic shifts was NOT a result of the events described in the passage? a. There was an increased debate over how Native Americans should be treated by Europeans. b. Europeans increasingly exploited Native Americans for labor. c. Europeans increasingly isolated themselves and tried to maintain cultural and political autonomy. d. Europeans dramatically altered their views of the social, political, and economic relationships between themselves and natives.

c. Europeans increasingly isolated themselves and tried to maintain cultural and political autonomy.

"In 1564 approximately three hundred Huguenots - French Protestants - built a colony they called Fort de la Caroline in Timucua country..." - Daniel Richter, Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America, 2001 Which of the following resulted directly from events described in the excerpt? a. Spanish attempts to convert Native Americans ceased entirely. b. The French abandoned all attempts to plant colonies in the Americas. c. New crops harvested from the Americas led to increases in European populations. d. Improvements in commerce led to increased life expectancy among Native Americans.

c. New crops harvested from the Americas led to increases in European populations.

"[The land in the New World] is a marvel; the mountains and hills, and plains, and fields, and land, so beautiful and rich for planting and sowing..." - Letter from Christopher Columbus to Luis de Santángel, 1493 European conquest of the Americas flourished in this period for all of the following reasons except? a. Cultural and linguistic differences between Europeans and natives b. The introduction of widespread and deadly epidemics c. Sophisticated and advanced cultures in pre-contact America which had adapted to diverse environments d. Technological inferiority of Native Americans

c. Sophisticated and advanced cultures in pre-contact America which had adapted to diverse environments

"The [Pueblo] uprising The 1680 uprising was no isolated event..." - Historian Edward Countryman, "The Pueblo Revolt" The passage supports which of the following historical trends? a. Spanish colonizing efforts in the new world failed because the United States ultimately gained control of the southwest. b. Economic growth in the southwest was stagnant because of native resistance. c. The Spanish were forced by the Pueblo Revolt to accommodate some aspects of native culture. d. British conflicts with natives declined as a result of the Pueblo Revolt.

c. The Spanish were forced by the Pueblo Revolt to accommodate some aspects of native culture.

"[Spaniards'] reason for killing and destroying such an infinite number of souls is that the Christians have an ultimate aim, which is to acquire gold..." - Bartolomé de las Casas, A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies, 1552 De las Casas would have agreed with which of the following interpretations? a. The Portuguese treated natives with dignity and respect. b. Plantation-based agricultural systems in the Americas required the exploitation of local resources. c. Christians are all motivated by greed. d. European treatment of natives was the result of cultural and linguistic misunderstandings.

d. European treatment of natives was the result of cultural and linguistic misunderstandings.

"In 1564 approximately three hundred Huguenots - French Protestants - built a colony they called Fort de la Caroline in Timucua country..." - Daniel Richter, Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America, 2001 The events described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments? a. The introduction of new crops and livestock in the American colonies b. The growth of the encomienda system and the use of Indians as slave labor c. The extermination of natives through warfare and disease d. French and British conflict over territory in the American northeast

d. French and British conflict over territory in the American northeast

"The [Pueblo] uprising The 1680 uprising was no isolated event..." - Historian Edward Countryman, "The Pueblo Revolt" The passage by Countryman challenges which of the following ideas? a. Clashes between Natives and Europeans produced changes to both cultures. b. Intercultural contact was frequent and sometimes violent. c. Spain was forced to accept some cultural accommodation after native revolts. d. Native Americans passively accepted conquest of Europeans during the colonial period.

d. Native Americans passively accepted conquest of Europeans during the colonial period.

"It is a heavily populated land. We asked why they did not sow maize..." - Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Castaways, 1542 Which of the following pieces of evidence would best explain de Vaca's ideas of native culture seen in this passage? a. Archaeological evidence showing the development of advanced astronomical understandings in native cultures b. Ship inventories recording goods transported to and from Europe c. Drawings and sketches done by Europeans who had not been in the Americas d. Testimonies and records of other European explorers of this period

d. Testimonies and records of other European explorers of this period

"[Spaniards'] reason for killing and destroying such an infinite number of souls is that the Christians have an ultimate aim, which is to acquire gold..." - Bartolomé de las Casas, A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies, 1552 Which of the following historical events preceded the events described by de las Casas? a. New sources of mineral wealth led to the rise of capitalism in the European economy b. Europeans accepted the political autonomy of Native Americans c. The Atlantic slave trade declined in popularity d. The Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas

d. The Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas

"Therefore...enacted...that noe person or persons whatsoever within this Province..." - Maryland Toleration Act, April 21, 1649 Which of the following was a result of trends like those seen in the excerpt? a. New ideas emerged that challenged the legality and morality of slavery b. British control of colonial governments increased during this period c. Decreasing Anglicization of the American colonies d. The development of colonies with distinct religious and ethnic differences

d. The development of colonies with distinct religious and ethnic differences