APUSH Ch. 17, 18, 20
The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of
Vertical integration
At the end of the nineteenth century, most Americans viewed leisure time as
being desirable
The late-nineteenth-century sociologist Lester Frank Ward
believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society
During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president,
he believed that public opinion alone would eliminate most corporate abuses
The process of making steel developed by Henry Bessemer
included blowing air through molten iron AND involved adding ingredients to molten iron
The term "muckrakers" referred to
journalists
In the late nineteenth century, many immigrants to the United States Great Britain and northern Europe
lacked capital to buy farmland, had a tough transition period
In 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in American corporations
led to a diversification and increase of research interests.
During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was
municipal governments.
The theory of Social Darwinism
promoted the idea that capitalism offered all people a chance for great wealth, but only the fittest individuals survived and flourished in the marketplace and on the social ladder
In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League
proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter
In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to the
rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants. (Both A and B), power of immigrant voters, link b/w political organizations and wealthy, structural weakness of city gov'ts
In the 1890s, Jacob Riis
reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.
According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by
scientific inquiry
In the late nineteenth century, organized labor failed to make great gains for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers did not exist
In the early twentieth century, eugenics
supported the restriction of immigration by nationality
For western states, the most important target of reform energies was
the federal government
During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all of the following EXCEPT that
the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office
In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States
saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth, had abundant raw materials; a large and growing labor supply; a surge in technological innovation; the emergence of a talented, ambitious, ruthless group of entrepreneurs; and a great and expanding domestic market for manufactured products
In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City,
strict regulations with effective enforcement were imposed on factory owners
The business structure of Standard Oil was a good example of
vertical and horizontal integration. (Both A and B)
The temperance crusade
was supported by most business employers, working class wives and mothers, political reformers, progressives
In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment,
D. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California.
In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers
E. All these answers are correct. (Experienced a rise in the standard of living, terrible working conditions, less control over work, powerlessness)
In the late nineteenth century, the population in urban areas of the United States
E. mostly came from Europe.
The Knights of Labor
were a secret fraternal organization w/ membership open to all who "toiled" (earned wages but not higher ups like lawyers, bankers, etc)
In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress
Passed a graduated income tax
The recall and the direct primary were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken
Political Parties
Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event?
Pullman Strike
During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by
Sales of company stock to the public AND "limited liability" laws. (Both A and B)
The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken the power of
State Legislatures
One significant innovation of urban America in the late nineteenth century was
Large public parks, great public buildings, image of the city improved
The 1920 census of the United States revealed that
a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was
an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform, redeem the nation's cities, pursue social justice for all of society
In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT
automobile company.
Prior to the Civil War, the steel industry in the United States
barely developed at all.
In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers led many city governments to
create professional public police department AND included murder rates that were higher than would occur in the 1980s and 1990s. (Both A and B).
During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the
creation of credit card companies.
At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement
directed their attention at the living conditions in cities
Compared with the first generation, second-generation immigrants were more likely
to break from their traditional culture
Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the
Meatpacking industry
Regarding divorce in the United States during the progressive era, by 1916
More than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.
During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of
All of the above, income moving out of the house, technological innovations making stay-at-home moms less needed, declining family sizes, less marriages and even divorces
Compared to other immigrant ethnic groups in the late nineteenth century, Jewish immigrants
All of the above: Placed a high value on education, advanced economically more quickly than many other groups
While progressivism has many meanings, it tended in this period to be based on the central assumption that
American society was capable of improvement
The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating
Child Labor
During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was
Eugene V. Debs
Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE?
Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.
All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT the
Interstate Commerce Act
In the nineteenth century, vaudeville theater
consisted of a variety of stage acts
In his books, Horatio Alger
emphasized the value of personal character in business, "rags to riches" stories
Tenement buildings in urban America were
initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor, soon became miserable places, crowded
The Haymarket Square riot of 1886
resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists, was a symbol of social chaos and radicalism
During the progressive era, significant voting rights for women were first won in
The Far West
According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth,
The rich had great responsibilities to society
During the progressive era, opponents of political reform generally included many members of all of the following EXCEPT
The urban Middle Class
In his political program known as the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts
ended altogether
At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists
held a strong commitment to improved racial justice.
A key to Henry Ford's success in the mass production of automobiles
was the use of interchangeable parts
The Women's Christian Temperance Union
was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history