APUSH Ch. 17, 18, 20

The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of

Vertical integration

At the end of the nineteenth century, most Americans viewed leisure time as

being desirable

The late-nineteenth-century sociologist Lester Frank Ward

believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society

During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president,

he believed that public opinion alone would eliminate most corporate abuses

The process of making steel developed by Henry Bessemer

included blowing air through molten iron AND involved adding ingredients to molten iron

The term "muckrakers" referred to

journalists

In the late nineteenth century, many immigrants to the United States Great Britain and northern Europe

lacked capital to buy farmland, had a tough transition period

In 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in American corporations

led to a diversification and increase of research interests.

During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was

municipal governments.

The theory of Social Darwinism

promoted the idea that capitalism offered all people a chance for great wealth, but only the fittest individuals survived and flourished in the marketplace and on the social ladder

In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League

proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter

In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to the

rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants. (Both A and B), power of immigrant voters, link b/w political organizations and wealthy, structural weakness of city gov'ts

In the 1890s, Jacob Riis

reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.

According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by

scientific inquiry

In the late nineteenth century, organized labor failed to make great gains for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers did not exist

In the early twentieth century, eugenics

supported the restriction of immigration by nationality

For western states, the most important target of reform energies was

the federal government

During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all of the following EXCEPT that

the principal tool for gaining civil rights was to elect blacks to public office

In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States

saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth, had abundant raw materials; a large and growing labor supply; a surge in technological innovation; the emergence of a talented, ambitious, ruthless group of entrepreneurs; and a great and expanding domestic market for manufactured products

In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City,

strict regulations with effective enforcement were imposed on factory owners

The business structure of Standard Oil was a good example of

vertical and horizontal integration. (Both A and B)

The temperance crusade

was supported by most business employers, working class wives and mothers, political reformers, progressives

In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment,

D. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California.

In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers

E. All these answers are correct. (Experienced a rise in the standard of living, terrible working conditions, less control over work, powerlessness)

In the late nineteenth century, the population in urban areas of the United States

E. mostly came from Europe.

The Knights of Labor

were a secret fraternal organization w/ membership open to all who "toiled" (earned wages but not higher ups like lawyers, bankers, etc)

In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress

Passed a graduated income tax

The recall and the direct primary were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken

Political Parties

Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event?

Pullman Strike

During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by

Sales of company stock to the public AND "limited liability" laws. (Both A and B)

The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken the power of

State Legislatures

One significant innovation of urban America in the late nineteenth century was

Large public parks, great public buildings, image of the city improved

The 1920 census of the United States revealed that

a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was

an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform, redeem the nation's cities, pursue social justice for all of society

In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT

automobile company.

Prior to the Civil War, the steel industry in the United States

barely developed at all.

In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers led many city governments to

create professional public police department AND included murder rates that were higher than would occur in the 1980s and 1990s. (Both A and B).

During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the

creation of credit card companies.

At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement

directed their attention at the living conditions in cities

Compared with the first generation, second-generation immigrants were more likely

to break from their traditional culture

Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the

Meatpacking industry

Regarding divorce in the United States during the progressive era, by 1916

More than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.

During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of

All of the above, income moving out of the house, technological innovations making stay-at-home moms less needed, declining family sizes, less marriages and even divorces

Compared to other immigrant ethnic groups in the late nineteenth century, Jewish immigrants

All of the above: Placed a high value on education, advanced economically more quickly than many other groups

While progressivism has many meanings, it tended in this period to be based on the central assumption that

American society was capable of improvement

The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating

Child Labor

During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was

Eugene V. Debs

Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE?

Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.

All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT the

Interstate Commerce Act

In the nineteenth century, vaudeville theater

consisted of a variety of stage acts

In his books, Horatio Alger

emphasized the value of personal character in business, "rags to riches" stories

Tenement buildings in urban America were

initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor, soon became miserable places, crowded

The Haymarket Square riot of 1886

resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists, was a symbol of social chaos and radicalism

During the progressive era, significant voting rights for women were first won in

The Far West

According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth,

The rich had great responsibilities to society

During the progressive era, opponents of political reform generally included many members of all of the following EXCEPT

The urban Middle Class

In his political program known as the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts

ended altogether

At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists

held a strong commitment to improved racial justice.

A key to Henry Ford's success in the mass production of automobiles

was the use of interchangeable parts

The Women's Christian Temperance Union

was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history