APUSH Chapter 12 - The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism : 1812 - 1824

Francis Scott Key

American author and lawyers who composed the Star Spangled Banner while observing the attack on Fort McHenry from the deck of a British ship where he was detained

The primary reason that American strategy in the War of 1812 focused on invading and conquering Canada was

Britain was weakest and most vulnerable

American System

Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry, advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network

The new spirit of nationalism reflected in American literature found strong expression in the work of

Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper

Oliver Hazard Perry

american naval officer whose decisive victory over a British fleet on Lake Erie during the War of 1812 reinvigorated American morale and paved the way for Willian Henry Harrison's victory at the Battle of Thames in 1813

Missouri Compromise

allowed missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between north and south by carving free-soil Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibiting slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase

Thomas Macdonough

american naval officer who secured a decisive victory over a British fleet at the Battle of Plattsburg, halting the British invasion of New York

All of the following were true of the Panic of 1819 except a. many factors contributed to the catastrophe of 1819, especially overspeculation in frontier lands b. the Bank of the United States, through its western branches, had no role in overspeculation in frontier lands c. much of the goodness went out of the good feelings in 1819 d. it was the first national financial panic since Washington had been president e. it brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overcrowded pesthouses, known as debtors prisons

b. the Bank of the United States, through its western branches, had no role in overspeculation in frontier lands

George Canning

british foreign secretary who proposed what would later become the Monroe Doctrine, a declaration issued by James Monroe warning European powers to refrain from acquiring new territories in the Americas

Isaac Brock

british general who helped stave off an american invasion of upper canada during the war of 1812, successfully captured detroit from american forces in august of 1812

Cohens v. Virginia

case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government

Florida Purchase Treaty

concluded in 1819 between the U.S. and Spain, Spain ceded Florida to the U.S., the two nations agreed on the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase

Hartford Convention

convention of federalists from five New England states who opposed the War of 1812 and resented the strength of southern and western interests in Congress and in the White House

Congress of Vienna

convention of major European powers to redraw the boundaries of continental Europe after the defeat of Napoleonic France

Which of the following was not a component of Henry Clay's American System? a. a strong national banking system and currency b. easy and abundant credit provided by banks c. high tariffs to protect American manufacturing d. a network of federally financed and controlled roads and canals e. free homesteads for western settlers on federal land

e. free homesteads for western settlers on federal land

All of the following were true of the political unity and good will of the Era of Good Feelings except a. it coincided with the election of James Monroe b. it was something of a misnomer c. the vanquished Federalist party was gasping its dying breaths, leaving the field to the triumphant Republicans and one-party rule d. it was sharply interrupted by the controversy over slavery in Missouri e. the acute issues of the tariff, the bank, internal improvements, and the sale of public lands were set aside

e. the acute issues of the tariff, the bank, internal improvements, and the sale of public lands were set aside

Treaty of Ghent

ended the War of 1812 in a virtual draw, restoring prewar borders but failing to address any of the grievances that first brought America into the war

Fletcher v. Peck

established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the supreme court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the federal constitution

Tallmadge amendment

failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into Missouri Territory and pave the wat for gradual emancipation

Tariff of 1816

first protective tariff in American history, created to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812

Russo-American Treaty

fixed the life of 54,40 as the southernmost boundary of Russian holdings in North America

War of 1812

fought between Britain and U.S. over issues of trade and impressment, demonstrated America's willingness to defend its interests militarily, earned U.S. respect from European powers

Land Act of 1820

fueled settlement of the northwest and missouri territories by lowering the price of public land

The resolutions enacted by the delegates at the Hartford Convention

helped to cause the death of the Federalist party

New England suffered great discredit at the end of the War of 1812 because

its antiwar dissent led to a flirtation with disloyalty and secession in the Hartford Convention

loose construction

legal doctrine that the federal government can use powers not specifically granted or prohibited in the Constitution to carry out its constitutionality mandated responsibilities

Battle of New Orleans

resounding victory of American forces against the British, restoring American confidence and fueling an outpouring of nationalism, final battle of war of 1812

James Monroe

revolutionary war soldier, statesman, and fifth president, supported protective tariffs and a national bank but maintained Jeffersonian opposition to federally funded internal improvements

panic of 1819

severe financial crisis brought on by efforts of the Bank of the United States to curb overspeculation of western lands

Rush-Bagot agreement

signed by Britain and the U.S., established strict limits on naval armaments in the Great Lakes, a first step in the full demilitarization of the U.S.-Canadian border

Anglo-American Convention

signed by britain and the U.S., allowed New England fishermen access to Newfoundland fisheries, established the northern border of Louisiana Territory

Monroe Doctrine

statement delivered by monroe, warning european powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the americas

Gibbons v. Ogden

suit over whether the new york state could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters, the ruling reasserted that Congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce

McCullough v. Maryland

supreme court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the bank of the united states by establishing that the state of maryland did not have power to tax the bank

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

supreme court case that sustained dartmouth's original charger against changes proposed by the new hampshire state legislature, protecting corporations from domination by state governments

peculiar institution

the institution of American slavery in the south

Era of Good Feelings

the period of one-party, republican, rule during Monroe's presidency, the term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements, slavery, and the national bank

The terms of the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812, provided that

the two sides would stop fighting and return to the status quo before the war

By 1814, the British forces

were invading the United States on three fronts: in New York, the Chesapeake region, and Louisiana