APUSH Chapter 12 - The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism : 1812 - 1824
Francis Scott Key
American author and lawyers who composed the Star Spangled Banner while observing the attack on Fort McHenry from the deck of a British ship where he was detained
The primary reason that American strategy in the War of 1812 focused on invading and conquering Canada was
Britain was weakest and most vulnerable
American System
Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry, advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network
The new spirit of nationalism reflected in American literature found strong expression in the work of
Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper
Oliver Hazard Perry
american naval officer whose decisive victory over a British fleet on Lake Erie during the War of 1812 reinvigorated American morale and paved the way for Willian Henry Harrison's victory at the Battle of Thames in 1813
Missouri Compromise
allowed missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between north and south by carving free-soil Maine out of Massachusetts and prohibiting slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Macdonough
american naval officer who secured a decisive victory over a British fleet at the Battle of Plattsburg, halting the British invasion of New York
All of the following were true of the Panic of 1819 except a. many factors contributed to the catastrophe of 1819, especially overspeculation in frontier lands b. the Bank of the United States, through its western branches, had no role in overspeculation in frontier lands c. much of the goodness went out of the good feelings in 1819 d. it was the first national financial panic since Washington had been president e. it brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, and overcrowded pesthouses, known as debtors prisons
b. the Bank of the United States, through its western branches, had no role in overspeculation in frontier lands
George Canning
british foreign secretary who proposed what would later become the Monroe Doctrine, a declaration issued by James Monroe warning European powers to refrain from acquiring new territories in the Americas
Isaac Brock
british general who helped stave off an american invasion of upper canada during the war of 1812, successfully captured detroit from american forces in august of 1812
Cohens v. Virginia
case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme Court to review decisions of state supreme courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government
Florida Purchase Treaty
concluded in 1819 between the U.S. and Spain, Spain ceded Florida to the U.S., the two nations agreed on the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase
Hartford Convention
convention of federalists from five New England states who opposed the War of 1812 and resented the strength of southern and western interests in Congress and in the White House
Congress of Vienna
convention of major European powers to redraw the boundaries of continental Europe after the defeat of Napoleonic France
Which of the following was not a component of Henry Clay's American System? a. a strong national banking system and currency b. easy and abundant credit provided by banks c. high tariffs to protect American manufacturing d. a network of federally financed and controlled roads and canals e. free homesteads for western settlers on federal land
e. free homesteads for western settlers on federal land
All of the following were true of the political unity and good will of the Era of Good Feelings except a. it coincided with the election of James Monroe b. it was something of a misnomer c. the vanquished Federalist party was gasping its dying breaths, leaving the field to the triumphant Republicans and one-party rule d. it was sharply interrupted by the controversy over slavery in Missouri e. the acute issues of the tariff, the bank, internal improvements, and the sale of public lands were set aside
e. the acute issues of the tariff, the bank, internal improvements, and the sale of public lands were set aside
Treaty of Ghent
ended the War of 1812 in a virtual draw, restoring prewar borders but failing to address any of the grievances that first brought America into the war
Fletcher v. Peck
established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the supreme court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the federal constitution
Tallmadge amendment
failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into Missouri Territory and pave the wat for gradual emancipation
Tariff of 1816
first protective tariff in American history, created to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812
Russo-American Treaty
fixed the life of 54,40 as the southernmost boundary of Russian holdings in North America
War of 1812
fought between Britain and U.S. over issues of trade and impressment, demonstrated America's willingness to defend its interests militarily, earned U.S. respect from European powers
Land Act of 1820
fueled settlement of the northwest and missouri territories by lowering the price of public land
The resolutions enacted by the delegates at the Hartford Convention
helped to cause the death of the Federalist party
New England suffered great discredit at the end of the War of 1812 because
its antiwar dissent led to a flirtation with disloyalty and secession in the Hartford Convention
loose construction
legal doctrine that the federal government can use powers not specifically granted or prohibited in the Constitution to carry out its constitutionality mandated responsibilities
Battle of New Orleans
resounding victory of American forces against the British, restoring American confidence and fueling an outpouring of nationalism, final battle of war of 1812
James Monroe
revolutionary war soldier, statesman, and fifth president, supported protective tariffs and a national bank but maintained Jeffersonian opposition to federally funded internal improvements
panic of 1819
severe financial crisis brought on by efforts of the Bank of the United States to curb overspeculation of western lands
Rush-Bagot agreement
signed by Britain and the U.S., established strict limits on naval armaments in the Great Lakes, a first step in the full demilitarization of the U.S.-Canadian border
Anglo-American Convention
signed by britain and the U.S., allowed New England fishermen access to Newfoundland fisheries, established the northern border of Louisiana Territory
Monroe Doctrine
statement delivered by monroe, warning european powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the americas
Gibbons v. Ogden
suit over whether the new york state could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters, the ruling reasserted that Congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce
McCullough v. Maryland
supreme court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the bank of the united states by establishing that the state of maryland did not have power to tax the bank
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
supreme court case that sustained dartmouth's original charger against changes proposed by the new hampshire state legislature, protecting corporations from domination by state governments
peculiar institution
the institution of American slavery in the south
Era of Good Feelings
the period of one-party, republican, rule during Monroe's presidency, the term obscures bitter conflicts over internal improvements, slavery, and the national bank
The terms of the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812, provided that
the two sides would stop fighting and return to the status quo before the war
By 1814, the British forces
were invading the United States on three fronts: in New York, the Chesapeake region, and Louisiana