APUSH Chapter 18

Carry A Nation

created a sensation by raiding saloons and smashing barrels of beer with a hatchet

feminism

this term was first used by women in the second decade of the 20th century who made cases for full female freedom and equality

Mann Act of 1910

made transportation of women across state lines for immoral purposes illegal (prostitution)

Frederick Law Olmsted

the principle designer of the first landscaped public park which was built in NYC (Central Park)

Americanization

the process of acquiring American traits and characteristics

Mark Twain

-Samuel Clemens -the first great realist author -wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

WEB DuBois

-used statistical methods to study crime in urban neighborhoods -the first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard -the leading black intellectual of the era -advocated for equality for blacks, integrated schools, and equal access to higher education for the "talented tenth" of African Americans

Vamps

-women whose irresistible sexual cahrm led men to ruin; thrived on the blood and death of men -the first clue that Americans more were beginning to experiment with open expressions of sexuality

Israel Zangwill

-wrote the play The Melting Pot and believed that all immigrants could become successful Americans through assimilation

Cardinal Gibbons

Catholic leader who inspired the devoted support of old and new immigrants by defending the Knights of Labor and the cause of organized labor

political parties in major cities were placed under the control of corrupt party machines such as Tammany Hall. For example, Tammany Hall embezzled millions.

Describe the rise of corrupt party machines and organized crime in urban America.

poverty of displaced farmworkers; overcrowding and joblessness; religious persecution; America's reputation

Identify causes of immigration.

Dwight Moody

a Protestant evangelist who founded the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago in 1889 -this would help generations of urban evangelists to adapt traditional Christianity to city life

Clarence Darrow

a famous lawyer that argued that criminal behavior could be caused by a person's environment of poverty, neglect, and abuse

Ellis Island

a federal immigration station located on a small island in New York Harbor that nearly 12 million immigrants passed through to be processed

Heterodoxy

a feminist Greenwich Village group lead by Crystal Eastman that wanted to change the world so women could be human beings instead of being defined by their gender

Jack London

a naturalist writer who wrote Call of the Wild

Stephen Crane

a naturalist writer who wrote Red Badge of Courage and Maggie A Girl of the Streets

Thomas Eakins

a painter known for his surgical scenes and working class people

Winslow Homer

a painter known for seascapes

Organic architecture

a type of architecture that showed harmony with natural surroundings

Walter Rauschenbusch

became the leading voice in the Social Gospel movement

Cosmopolitiansim

belief that people from all kinds of groups, both immigrant and native born, both to preserve their own cultures and partake of other -generated anxiety in larges stretches of American especially in farming communities

Henry Hobson Richardson

an architect who changed the direction of American architecture and moved from Greek/Roman to medieval Romanesque style

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

barred Chinese immigration for 10 years

Melting Pot

describes America and how immigrant groups quickly shed old-world characteristics in order to become successful citizens of their adopted country (Americanization and assimilation)

Horace Kallen

developed the doctrine of cultural pluralism along with Alain Locke

Alian Locke

developed the doctrine of cultural pluralism along with Horace Kallen

Oliver Wendell Holmes

he argued that the law should evolve with the times in response to changing needs and not remain restricted by legal precedents and judicial decisions of the past

Richard T Ely

he attended Johns Hopkins and attacked laisez-faire economic thought as dogmatic and outdated and used economics to study labor unions, trusts, and other existing economic institutions not only to understand them but also to suggest remedies for economic problems of the day

Lester Frank Ward

he believed that humans were different than animals -his ideas became known as Reform Darwinism

Henry George

he wrote Progress and Poverty which called attention to inequalities in wealth caused by industrialism

Theodore Dreiser

he wrote Sister Carrie, a naturalist book that caused a sensation and shocked the moral sensibilities of the time

new immigration

immigrants from Eastern Europe between 1890-1914 -considered inferior

old immigration

immigrants from Western Europe before the 1890s

Francis Willard

leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union

naturalism

lilterature that focused on how emotions and experience shaped human experience

Gentlemen's Agreement

limit on Japanese immigration if segregation was lifted

realism

literature of the post-Civil War years that were romantic and focused on depicted ideal heroes and heroines

Political machines

organized groups that controlled political parties in major cities

"Oriental School"

racially segregated schools that all Asian kids were forced to go to -led to an international incident and made Japan angry

Jane Addams

she founded Hull house which helped poor immigrants in Chicago

Susan B Anthony

she founded the National American Suffrage Association

William "Boss" Tweed

the head of Tammany Hall

Crystal Eastman

the leader of the Greenwich Village group called Heterodoxy -she wanted to change the world so that women could be human beings instead of being defined by their gender

Frank Lloyd Wright

the most famous American architect of the 20th century -developed an "organic" style

Tammany Hall

the most powerful and corrupt Democratic machine that ran NYC and embezzled millions

Triangle Shirtwaist Company

where 146 workers were killed in a fire (mostly young immigrant females)

Social Gospel

worked to better conditions in the city according to the biblical ideals of charity and justice -linked Christianity with the Progressive reform movement and encouraged many middle-class Protestants to attack urban problems

Randolph Bourne

wrote "TransNational America" and believed tha immigrants should not give up their culture and that they should be given the opportunity to shape America. introduced cosmopolitanism

Edward Ballamy

wrote Looking Backward which envisioned a future in which a cooperative society eliminated poverty, greed, and crime