APUSH Chapter 22

During Reconstruction, blacks controlled most of the Southern state legislatures.

False. During Reconstruction, elite Whites controlled most of the Southern state legislatures.

Southerners at first feared Andrew Johnson because he had been one of the few elite planters who backed Lincoln.

False. Southerners at first feared Andrew Johnson because he had stayed in Congress during the Civil War.

The Ku Klux Klan largely failed in its goal of intimidating blacks and preventing them from voting.

False. The Ku Klux Klan largely succeeded in its goal of intimidating blacks and preventing them from voting.

The enactment of the Black Codes in the south strengthened those who supported a moderate approach to Reconstruction.

False. The enactment of the Black Codes in the south strengthened those who supported a very loose approach to Reconstruction.

Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

I. Congressional law that imposed military rule on the South and demanded harsh conditions for readmission of the seceded states

Johnson's "swing around the circle" in the election of 1866

I. Weakened support for mild Reconstruction policies and helped elect overwhelming Republican majorities in Congress

Charles Sumner

J. Beaten in the Senate chamber before the Civil War, he became the leader of Senate Republican radicals during Reconstruction

The Black Codes of 1865

J. Imposed slavery-like restrictions on blacks and angered the North

Oliver O. Howard

K. Pro-black general who led an agency that tried to assist freemen

Union League

L. Leading Black political organization during Reconstruction

The congressional bill of 1864 requiring 50 percent of a state's voters to take an oath of allegiance before its readmission to the Union

Wade-Davis Bill

Lincoln's 1863 program for a rapid Reconstruction of the South

10 percent plan

Tenure of Office Act

A. A constitutionally questionable law whose violation by President Johnson formed the basis for his impeachment

The radical Republicans' hatred of Johnson

A. Provoked a politically motivated trial to remove the president from office

Besides putting the South under the rule of federal soldiers, the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 required that

A. Southern states give blacks the vote as a condition of readmittance to the Union.

In contrast to radical Republicans, moderate Republicans generally

A. favored states' rights and opposed direct federal involvement in individuals' lives.

Most of the Northern "carpetbaggers" were actually

A. former Union soldiers, businessmen, or professionals.

"Seward's Folly," acquired in 1867 from Russia

Alaska

Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction in 1863 was that a state could be re-integrated into the Union when

B. 10 percent of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union and pledged to abide by emancipation.

The Ku Klux Klan

B. Intimidated black voters and tried to keep blacks "in their place"

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

B. The first congressional attempt to guarantee black rights into the South, passed over Johnson's veto

The radical Republicans' impeachment of President Andrew Johnson resulted in

B. a failure to convict and remove Johnson by a margin of only one vote.

The Black Codes passed by many of the Southern state governments in 1865 aimed to

B. ensure a stable and subservient labor force under white control.

Women's-rights leaders opposed the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because

B. the amendments granted citizenship and voting rights to black and white men but not to women.

Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction and sometimes took part in Republican state governments

Carpetbaggers

The harsh Southern state laws of 1865 that limited black rights and imposed harsh restrictions to ensure a stable black labor supply

Black Codes

Andrew Johnson

C. Leader, born in poverty, who became the white South's champion against radical Reconstruction

The election of ex-confederates to Congress in 1865

C. Prompted Republicans to refuse to seat Southern delegations in Congress

The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in

C. a decisive defeat for Johnson and a veto-proof Republican Congress.

After emancipation, many blacks traveled in order to

C. find lost family members or seek new economic opportunities.

The Freedmen's Bureau was originally established to provide

C. food, clothes, and education for emancipated slaves.

The Fourteenth amendment provided for

C. full citizenship and civil rights for former slaves.

The radical Reconstruction regimes in the Southern states

C. included whiee Northerners, white Southerners, and blacks.

The radical Reconstruction regimes in the Southern states

C. included white Northerners, white Southerners, and blacks.

The right to vote encouraged southern black men to

C. organize the Union League as a vehicle for political empowerment and self-defense.

The Fifteenth Amendment provided for

C. voting rights for former slaves.

The South's military defeat in the Civil War

D. Destroyed the southern economy but stregthend Southern hatred of "Yankees"

The skeptical public finally accepted Seward's purchase of Alaska because

D. Russia had been the only great power friendly to the Union during the Civil War.

William Seward

D. Secretary of state who arranged an initially unpopular but valuable land deal in 1867

The Force Acts of 1870 and 1871 were designed to

D. suppress the night-riding violence of the Ku Klux Klan.

Force Acts of 1870 and 1871

E. Laws designed to stamp out Ku Klux Klan terrorism in the South

The Freemen's Bureau

E. Successfully educated former slaves but failed to provide much other assistance to them

Supreme court ruling that military tribunals could not try civilians when the civil courts were opened

Ex Parte Milligan

Hiram Revels

F. Black senator from Mississippi elected during Reconstruction

Military Reconstruction and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

F. Forced all the Southern states to establish governments that upheld black voting and other civil rights

The greatest success of the Freedmen's Bureau came in providing "forty acres and a mule" to the former slaves.

False. The greatest success of the Freedmen's Bureau came in teaching blacks to read.

The moderate Republican plan for Reconstruction might have succeeded if the Ku Klux Klan had been suppressed.

False. The moderate Republican plan for Reconstruction might have succeeded if Johnson did not veto them.

Military defeat in the Civil War brought white Southerners to accept the reality of Northern political domination.

False. White Southerners wanted their old political power back.

Constitutional amendment guaranteeing blacks the right to vote

Fifteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment granting civil rights to freed slaves and barring former Confederates from office

Fourteenth Amendment

Common term for the blacks newly liberated from slavery

Freedmen

Federal agency that greatly assisted blacks educationally but failed in other aid efforts

Freemen's Bureau

The whole Reconstruction era

G. Embittered white Southerners while doing little to really help blacks

Ku Klux Klan

G. Secret organization that intimidated blacks and worked to restore white supremacy

The "radical" Southern state Reconstruction governmetns

H. Engaged in some corruption but also enacted many valuable social reforms

Jefferson Davis

H. Top rebel leader, imprisoned for two years after the Civil War, whose U.S. citizenship was posthumously restored

Abraham Lincoln

M. Author of the moderate 10 percent Reconstruction plan that ran into congressional opposition

Law of March 1867 that imposed military rule on the South and disenfranchised thousands of former Confederates

Military Reconstruction Act

Republican Reconstructionists who favored a more rapid restoration of Southern state governments and opposed radical plans for drastic economic transformation of the South

Moderates

Benjamin Wade

N. The president pro tempore of the Senate who hoped to become president of the United States after Johnson's impeachment conviction

Thaddeus Stevens

O. Leader of radical republicans in the House of Representatives

Republican Reconstructionists who favored keeping the South out of the federal government until a complete social and economic revolution was accomplished in the region

Radicals

Derogatory terms for white southerners who cooperated with the republican reconstruction governments

Scalawags

The constitutional amendment freeing all slaves

Thirteenth Amendment

Congressional Republicans demanded that the Southern states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in order to be readmitted to the Union.

True

Johnson's impeachment was essentially an act of political vindictiveness by radical Republicans.

True

Lincoln's "10 percent" Reconstruction plan was designed to return the Southern states to the Union quickly and with few restrictions.

True

The Republican Reconstruction legislature enacted educational and other reforms in Southern state government.

True

The South was economically devastated by the Civil War.

True

The cause of black education was greatly advanced by white Northern female teachers who came South after the Civil War.

True

The focus of black community life after emancipation became the black church.

True

The newly freed slaves often used their liberty to travel or seek lost loved ones.

True

The black political organization that promoted self-help and defense of political rights

Union League