APUSH Chapter 8

The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in which of the following regions of the Louisiana Purchase? a. All the lands north of latitude 36°30ʹ except for the state of Missouri b. All the lands south of latitude 36°30ʹ except for the state of Missouri c. Only in Missouri d. All of Louisiana

a. All the lands north of latitude 36°30ʹ except for the state of Missouri

The Panic of 1819 caused which of the following outcomes? a. American cotton and wheat prices plummeted over 50 percent. b. State banks instituted more generous lending practices. c. The Bank of the United States revoked state banks' charters. d. The U.S. government moved to increase economic regulations.

a. American cotton and wheat prices plummeted over 50 percent.

Which were the two fastest-growing American church denominations during the early nineteenth century? a. Baptists and Methodists b. Lutherans and Presbyterians c. Presbyterians and Episcopalians d. Episcopalians and Congregationalists

a. Baptists and Methodists

Which of the following statements describes the extent to which parents exercised control over their children's marriages in the United States in 1800? a. Because landholdings shrank, parents lost leverage over their children's choices of marital partners. b. Most parents encouraged marriage for love, believing that it offered the best chance for long-term economic security. c. American parents typically still arranged their children's marriages in order to safeguard the families' economic welfare. d. Most parents disinherited their children if they married for sentimental rather than practical reasons.

a. Because landholdings shrank, parents lost leverage over their children's choices of marital partners.

How did evangelical Christians spread religious revival during the Second Great Awakening? a. By holding large camp meetings b. By creating parochial schools c. By preaching the doctrine of original sin d. By using better-educated preachers

a. By holding large camp meetings

Which of the following developments ended the debate over emancipation in the South in the early nineteenth century? a. Gabriel Prosser's slave uprising b. A backlash against Quaker condemnation of slavery c. The creation of black evangelical denominations d. The passage of the Tallmadge Amendment

a. Gabriel Prosser's slave uprising

John Jacob Astor, a prominent New York merchant of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, made his fortune in which trade? a. Slave b. Fur c. Cloth d. Cotton

b. Fur

Which of these statesmen played a critical role in creating and passing the 1820 Missouri Compromise? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Henry Clay c. James Tallmadge d. Thomas W. Cobb

b. Henry Clay

On what basis did the U.S. government base its claim that the commonwealth system was consistent with republican ideology? a. State support for private businesses contributed to the overall public good. b. Regulating businesses was necessary to prevent economic cycles of boom and bust. c. Any private citizen with a good idea could obtain state support to implement that idea. d. The government supported slavery and could therefore support other private businesses.

a. State support for private businesses contributed to the overall public good.

The proposed 1819 Tallmadge Amendment articulated which of the following plans? a. The gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri b. The right of each new state in the Union to decide on its own slavery laws c. A prohibition on the entry of new slave states into the Union d. Louisiana Territory slaves' recolonization in Africa

a. The gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri

Why did the emancipation of slaves proceed very slowly in the northern states during and after the Revolution? a. The northern states gave priority to slaveholders' property rights so that emancipation often was spaced out over several slave generations. b. Very few northerners saw any contradiction between extolling freedom for themselves and slavery for African Americans. c. Slaves were threatening violence in the northern states, leading whites to retreat from their earlier support for emancipation. d. Economically, slavery was becoming more viable and profitable in the North in the 1770s and early 1780s.

a. The northern states gave priority to slaveholders' property rights so that emancipation often was spaced out over several slave generations.

Why did a group of prominent citizens found the American Colonization Society in 1817? a. They aimed to encourage Southern planters to emancipate their slaves for resettlement in Africa. b. Their goal was to establish colonies of freed blacks in the American West, far from white settlements. c. The organizers sought to promote white American settlement on the Pacific coast to forestall European encroachment. d. The group promoted the development of American colonies in Latin America that could eventually become states.

a. They aimed to encourage Southern planters to emancipate their slaves for resettlement in Africa.

What was the net effect of republican marriage patterns on the institution of marriage in early nineteenth-century America? a. Young wives could no longer rely on their parents for emotional or financial support and became more dependent on their husbands. b. Most marital unions ended in divorce. c. Husbands and wives shared responsibility for child-rearing decisions and for the management of property. d. Birthrates in northern seaboard states increased.

a. Young wives could no longer rely on their parents for emotional or financial support and became more dependent on their husbands.

Which of the following describes the relationship between social status and wealth in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American history? a. It was difficult for Americans to advance up the social and economic ladder. b. Americans respected those who raised their status through talent and hard work. c. Americans both esteemed and envied those who benefitted from inherited social privilege. d. Wealthy American families wanted to marry their daughters to royalty for more status.

b. Americans respected those who raised their status through talent and hard work.

In which of the following lists is the emergence of American financial institutions placed in the correct chronological order? a. Land banks, Bank of North America, Second Bank of the United States b. Bank of North America, Second Bank of the United States, land banks c. Second Bank of the United States, Bank of North America, land banks d. Bank of North America, land banks, Second Bank of the United States

b. Bank of North America, Second Bank of the United States, land banks

Which of the following was a result of the Second Great Awakening? a. Churches split into warring factions. b. Different denominations cooperated with one another. c. Americans turned their backs on the poor. d. The gulf between American politics and religion widened further.

b. Different denominations cooperated with one another.

Why did a national market emerge in the United States between the 1780s and about 1820? a. The United States erected high tariff barriers to keep out British goods, thereby encouraging local capitalists to build factories. b. Entrepreneurs mobilized the large rural workforce to manufacture and distribute goods throughout the United States. c. The entire United States became a market for British manufacturers who tended to displace local American producers. d. The U.S. government systematically encouraged national self-sufficiency by discriminating against European manufacturers and traders.

b. Entrepreneurs mobilized the large rural workforce to manufacture and distribute

The growth of the textile industry in New England in the early nineteenth century negatively affected which of the following occupations? a. Farming b. Fishing c. Tanning d. Tree cutting

b. Fishing

The spread of the cultural attitude known as sentimentalism in early nineteenth-century America had which of the following social and cultural consequences? a. The erosion of many Americans' religious beliefs b. Increased emphasis on the importance of love in marriage c. A religious backlash against emotionalism and "sensuality" d. A new and greater emphasis on rational thought in literature

b. Increased emphasis on the importance of love in marriage

Which of the following describes the political developments taking place in America during the first two decades of the nineteenth century? a. Ordinary white men's rising political status was accompanied by a decline in the political rights of women and free blacks. b. Most newly organized free states granted the right to vote to adult black men who owned specified amounts of freehold property. c. Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York expanded suffrage to all free adult black males. d. After they requested it, several Middle Atlantic states granted women voting rights in local elections.

b. Most newly organized free states granted the right to vote to adult black men who owned specified amounts of freehold property.

The increasing importance of women in the Protestant denominations in New England during the Second Great Awakening led to which of the following outcomes? a. Sexual promiscuity became more common among church members. b. Premarital sex among churchgoing youth decreased significantly. c. Churches began to ordain female ministers. d. Churches instituted gender-segregated prayer meetings.

b. Premarital sex among churchgoing youth decreased significantly.

Noah Webster influenced American society in the late eighteenth century through which of the following means? a. Creating the first spelling book aimed specifically at African American children and adults b. Publishing dictionaries and spelling books to make American spelling and grammar more uniform c. Fighting a losing battle to maintain English spelling conventions in America d. Urging American authors to emulate British literature in order to show their genius

b. Publishing dictionaries and spelling books to make American spelling and grammar more uniform

Which of the following statements characterizes the operations of the Bank of the United States in the twenty years after its 1791 chartering? a. The national bank was so successful that Jefferson Republicans embraced it and helped secure a new charter after the original charter expired. b. The bank had branches in eight major cities to respond to demands for commercial credit, and its profits averaged 8 percent annually. c. Serving as a central clearinghouse, the bank was able to prevent states from issuing much paper currency that wasn't backed by gold or silver. d. In most years, the bank did not make a profit, and operating subsidies from the federal government were required to keep it afloat.

b. The bank had branches in eight major cities to respond to demands for commercial credit, and its profits averaged 8 percent annually.

Which of the following describes the textile industry that was emerging in New England and the Middle Atlantic states in the 1780s? a. Textile manufacturers built their mills on cheap land near the growing seaport cities. b. The industry relied on an outwork system that combined mills and household labor. c. Textile manufacturers converted most of their mills from water to coal and steam power. d. Animals supplied the power to run the machines used to manufacture textiles.

b. The industry relied on an outwork system that combined mills and household labor.

In which of the following ways did evangelical religions in the South evolve during the first decades of the nineteenth century? a. After initially rejecting black converts, white Southern Methodists and Baptists began to welcome them into their churches. b. They began by preaching spiritual equality but gradually adopted a message that justified white patriarchal authority. c. These denominations were dominated by white men during the first years of the revival, but women gradually became a substantial majority. d. Evangelical Southerners initially embraced original sin but over time came to preach the message of universal salvation.

b. They began by preaching spiritual equality but gradually adopted a message that justified white patriarchal authority.

Which of the following describes the Missouri Compromise, enacted in 1820? a. The legislation encouraged many southern plantation owners to emancipate their slaves. b. This piece of legislation set a precedent for future states' admission to the Union. c. It offered compensation to any Missouri slave owner who freed his slaves voluntarily. d. Its quick adoption indicated Americans' desire to prevent national divisions over the issue of slavery.

b. This piece of legislation set a precedent for future states' admission to the Union.

Which of the following statements describes transportation in the trans-Appalachian West in the early nineteenth century? a. Western canal and turnpike building depended heavily on federal government subsidies. b. Water transport was the quickest and cheapest way to get goods to market. c. New Orleans replaced Cincinnati and St. Louis as the major western transportation hub. d. Transportation improvements allowed western settlers to live as well as easterners.

b. Water transport was the quickest and cheapest way to get goods to market.

In the early 1800s, which group would have endorsed Thomas Jefferson's and Benjamin Rush's proposals for comprehensive public education? a. Planter aristocrats b. Wealthy New England merchants c. Yeoman farmers d. Laborers

b. Wealthy New England merchants

In theory, companionate marriage gave wives equality of rank and fortune but did not solve the issue of a. divorce. b. domestic tyranny. c. inheritance rights. d. arranged marriages.

b. domestic tyranny.

The Second Great Awakening deeply influenced American culture and society by a. reinforcing the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. b. promoting the ideas of human reason and free will. c. increasing respect for hierarchical authority in American churches. d. increasing the intellectual power of Protestant preaching.

b. promoting the ideas of human reason and free will.

American ministers such as Thomas Bernard argued in the early nineteenth century that women should exercise their power in society through a. voting, jury service, and running for political office. b. their influence on the male citizens of the coming generations. c. the tactics proposed by Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman. d. a commitment to engage in sexual activities only for the purpose of reproduction.

b. their influence on the male citizens of the coming generations.

Which of the following describes the publication Letters from an American Farmer? a. A series of American newspaper essays in the 1820s that demanded an extension of the right to vote to all adult white males b. Federalist-authored articles that protested the spread of political democracy in America in the early nineteenth century c. A book written by a French essayist in 1782 that praised American egalitarianism and condemned European aristocracy d. A book written by an anonymous Jeffersonian Democrat in 1815 that urged Americans to value "talents, integrity and virtue" over "wealth and titles."

c. A book written by a French essayist in 1782 that praised American egalitarianism and condemned European aristocracy

What was the Second Great Awakening that took place in the United States in the nineteenth century? a. A wave of educational reforms in the early republic inspired by Thomas Grimké b. The republican cultural and intellectual movement inspired by Thomas Jefferson c. A long-lasting religious revival that made the United States a genuinely religious society d. The nationalistic cultural backlash that demonstrated a rejection of English cultural supremacy

c. A long-lasting religious revival that made the United States a genuinely religious society

About how many African Americans were still living in slavery in the northern states in 1810? a. Only 300 b. About 3,000 c. Approximately 30,000 d. Around 130,000

c. Approximately 30,000

Which of the following describes the state of Southern society in the early nineteenth century? a. More than half the white population owned slaves and all whites aspired to own them. b. Slavery was gradually dying out in the East as plantations moved further into the west. c. Because hard work was associated with slaves, white men resented doing physical labor. d. Most southern legislators freed their own slaves but continued to defend slavery.

c. Because hard work was associated with slaves, white men resented doing physical labor.

In which of the following ways did the growth of rural manufacturing affect New Englanders in the early eighteenth century? a. Farmers expanded their grain crops to provide food for nonfarmers. b. Newly available labor-saving devices decreased the number of hours needed for work. c. Farm families became more dependent on market forces beyond their control. d. Increasingly reliant on wages, most farm families' standard of living declined.

c. Farm families became more dependent on market forces beyond their control.

Which of the following factors contributed to the sharp decline in the American birthrate from 1790 to 1820? a. Pioneer families' migration into trans-Appalachian West b. The growing acceptance and availability of contraception in American society c. Fathers' desire for fewer children in order to ensure the adequacy of their inheritances d. The ideology of Republican Motherhood, which directed mothers to produce virtuous male citizens

c. Fathers' desire for fewer children in order to ensure the adequacy of their inheritances

African Americans who converted to Christianity during the Second Great Awakening embraced which of the following teachings? a. The doctrine of original sin b. Calvinist predestination c. God as the liberator of the Jews d. Unthinking obedience to authority

c. God as the liberator of the Jews

Which of the following objections to the system of state-sponsored mercantilism emerged in the United States by 1820? a. State mercantilism placed the good of rural outworkers before that of city merchants. b. The system took advantage of public corporations for private purposes. c. It violated the equal rights of citizens and lessened the power of government. d. Mercantilist policies levied high taxes on corporations, limiting economic growth.

c. It violated the equal rights of citizens and lessened the power of government.

The South's political clout, which ensured that the national government would continue to protect slavery, rested on which of the following? a. Its rapidly rising profits from manufacturing b. The North's indifference to the matter of slavery c. Its domination of the presidency and Senate d. A treaty with Great Britain ensuring that the slave trade would continue

c. Its domination of the presidency and Senate

Which of the following characterizes the impact of republican ideology on child rearing in America in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries? a. Parents began to discipline their children more stringently. b. More affluent parents rejected John Locke's idea that children were "rational beings." c. Most parents began to treat their more children permissively and respectfully. d. Most states tightened primogeniture laws to give fathers more control over their sons.

c. Most parents began to treat their more children permissively and respectfully.

Which of the following statements characterizes the relationship between church and state in postrevolutionary America? a. Most citizens believed that government and politics should be completely free from the influence of religious beliefs. b. The Baptist Church led the campaign for state protection and funding of all Christian denominations. c. Most states continued to support churches indirectly by not taxing their property or ministers' incomes. d. By 1786, the Anglican Church of Virginia was the only example of an established church in any state.

c. Most states continued to support churches indirectly by not taxing their property or ministers' incomes.

In the early republic, Benjamin Rush and other leaders argued that women should be educated so they could do which of the following? a. Vote and participating actively in American in public life b. Focus on their individual needs and develop economic independence c. Oversee the instruction of their sons in the principles of liberty and government d. Perform a more active role in advising and assisting their husbands' economic activities

c. Oversee the instruction of their sons in the principles of liberty and government

Which of the following spurred the Panic of 1819 in the United States? a. Significant inflation of agricultural prices b. Excessive government spending on canal-building c. Reckless practices pursued by shady state-chartered banks d. Overly restrictive lending policies of the Second Bank of the United States

c. Reckless practices pursued by shady state-chartered banks

Society's notion of women as republican wives and mothers was based on which of the following ideas about women? a. Women learned through doing and did not need formal education. b. Their virtue would civilize the business world. c. They were uniquely qualified to educate and nurture the spirit. d. Women were fundamentally tainted by the sins of Eve.

c. They were uniquely qualified to educate and nurture the spirit.

Emma Willard was the first American to advocate for which of the following reforms? a. Abolition of slavery b. Universal white male suffrage c. Women's suffrage d. Higher education for women

d. Higher education for women

Which of the following took place after the Bank of the United States' charter expired in 1811? a. Congress chartered the Second Bank of the United States later that same year. b. Federalists urged the bank's dissolution on the grounds that it was unconstitutional. c. President James Madison began to invest his own funds in the Bank of the United States. d. It was not renewed, but a Second Bank of the United States was chartered five years later.

d. It was not renewed, but a Second Bank of the United States was chartered five years later.

Which of the following characterizes the impact of companionate marriage on divorce in the early nineteenth century? a. Most states accepted neglect or abandonment as the only grounds for divorce. b. In most states, divorce became easy to obtain, even if it was demanded by only one spouse. c. In most states, divorce became more difficult to obtain because new laws encouraged stern self-discipline and republican virtue. d. Most divorce petitions in the early nineteenth century cited emotional complaints.

d. Most divorce petitions in the early nineteenth century cited emotional complaints.

Which slaves became free as a result of the Virginia legislature's passage of a manumission act in 1782? a. All slaves over the age of forty-five b. Those who had supported the Patriot cause c. Any slave who could read and write d. Those whose masters chose to free them

d. Those whose masters chose to free them

How did yeomen and tenant farmers who were influenced by the Second Great Awakening in the nineteenth century treat their children? a. As "rational beings" b. Permissively, to encourage resilience c. Emphasizing love rather than fear d. With strict rules and harsh discipline

d. With strict rules and harsh discipline