APUSH Chapters 16-18

In the Oregon treaty with Britain in 1846, the northern boundary of the United States was established to the Pacific Ocean along the line of

49°

Who became well-known for his "spot resolutions"

Abraham Lincoln

Arrange in chronological order the United States' acquisition of (A) Oregon, (B) Texas, and (C) California.

B, A, C

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Dred Scott decision, (B) Lincoln-Douglas debates, (C) Kansas-Nebraska Act, and (D) Harpers Ferry raid

C, A, B, D

In 1850, the South was deeply worried because

California sought admission as a free state

The descendants of Spanish and Mexican rulers of California were called

Californios

For a majority of northerners, the most outrageous part of the several objectionable parts of the U.S. Supreme Court Cheif Justice Roger Taney's majority opinion (decision) in the Dred Scott case was that the Supreme Court ruled that

Congress never had the constitutional power to prohibit slavery in any territory

The primary objective of Manifest Destiny expansionists in the 1850s was

Cuba

The only member of President Tyler's Whig cabinet who did not resign in protest over his policies was

Daniel Webster

When northwesterners questioned why all of Texas was annexed but not all of Oregon, Oregon settlement supporters such as Sen. Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri responded that

Great Britain was a far more powerful nation than Mexico

The earliest known use of the term Manifest Destiny was in 1845 by

John L. O'Sullivan

In the 1840s, the view that God had ordained the growth of an American nation stretching across North America was called

Manifest Destiny

The American military leader whose strategic military and diplomatic mission opened Japan up to the United States in 1853-1854

Matthew Perry

The first Old World Europeans to come to California were

Spanish

On July 3, 1844, the first formal diplomatic agreement between the United States and China was the

Treaty of Wanghia

____ argued, during the debate of 1850, that there was a higher law than the Constitution that compelled him to demand the exclusion of slavery from the territories

William H. Seward

In 1856, the breaking point over slavery in Kansas came with

a deadly armed attack and partial burning of the Free Soil town of Lawrence by a gang of pro-slavery raiders

Of those people going to California during the gold rush

a distressingly high proportion were lawless men

Uncle Tom's Cabin may be described as

a powerful political force

The Aroostook War was

a small-scale clash between lumberjacks in Maine and Canada

Those people most adamantly opposed to President James K. Polk's expansionist program in Oregon, Texas and the Southwest were the

abolitionists

For the political views he expressed in his Seventh of March speech, Daniel Webster was viciously condemned by

abolitionists and Free Soilers

In the presidential election of 1856, the republicans

although not victorious, revealed impressive popular appeal in the Northeast and parts of the West for the first presidential election

The Underground Railroad consisted of

an informal network of homes where slaves could hide on their escape to freedom

Harriet Tubman gained fame

by helping slaves to escape to Canada

In his raid on Harpers Ferry, John Brown intended to

call upon the slaves to rise and establish a black free state

The Free Soilers were most concerned that one of the adverse long-term effects of extending slavery in the western territories would

cause costly wage labor to wither away and, thus, close the opportunity for the American worker to own property

Most American laborers believed that the only way to keep the Pacific Coast territories from breaking away from United States control was to

conduct a transcontinental railroad

James Buchanan won the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1856 because he

could distance himself and the Democrats from the Kansas-Nebraska Act

In light of future evidence, it seems apparent that in the Compromise of 1850 the South made a tactical blunder and exacerbated sectional tensions by

demanding a strong fugitive-slave law

​The impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to

enrage the antislavery abolitionists

The roots of Harriet Beecher Stowe's antislavery sentiments lay in the

evangelical religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening

The Spanish Franciscan missionaries treated the Indian inhabitants of California

extremely harshly, as Indian inhabitants of California were required to toil endlessly as poor farmers and herders and often came down with serious, deadly diseases

In his quest for California, President James K. Polk

first advocated buying the area from Mexico.

The most significant result of the election of 1856 was that it

foreshadowed an ominous sectional clash over slavery in the election of 1860

In the North, the panic of 1857 created calls for

free homesteads and higher protective tariffs

Which of the following answers is NOT a correct response to this prompt, "The Mexican War resulted in __" a) a one-third increase in the territorial size of the United States b) combat experience for those who would lead the armies in the Civil War c) increased respect for American military and naval capabilities d) friendlier relations between the United States and Latin American nations

friendlier relations between the United States and Latin American nations

Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 Republican party presidential nomination in part because he

had made fewer enemies than front-runner William Seward

Historians have attributed all of the following to Douglas's motives for championing the Kansas-Nebraska Act except

his deep passion and long-standing commitment to addressing and solving the vexing slavery issue in the United States.

When the war with Mexico began, President James K. Polk

hoped to fight a limited war, ending with the conquest of California.

In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United States Supreme Court

issued a broad judicial decision ruling that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the federal territories

In the Dred Scott case, the U.S. Supreme Court made all of the following determinations except

it decided that slaves brought into territories north of the 36°30′ line were considered free

As late as 1856, many northerners were still willing to vote Democratic instead of Republican because

many Democrats involved in interstate commerce did not want to lose their profitable business connections with the South

The clash and political fallout between Congressman Preston S. Brooks of South Carolina and Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts in 1856 revealed that

passions over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South

The situation in Kansas in the mid-1850s indicated the impracticality of ____ in the territories

popular sovereignty

Senator John C. Calhoun's plan to protect the South and slavery and maintain the Union involved all of the following except

prevent the spread of slavery in the California territory

The Wilmot Proviso, if adopted, would have

prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War

Kansas Territory's Lecompton Constitution was supported by

proslavery settlers in Kansas

In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott decision that

protection of slavery was guaranteed in all territories of the United States

When the people of Britain and France read Uncle Tom's Cabin, their governments

realized that intervention in the Civil War on behalf of the South would not be popular

One goal of Mexico in its 1846-1848 war with the United States was to

regain sovereignty over Texas and humiliate the hated yanquis

Most Americans who migrated to the Oregon Country were attracted by the

rich soil of the Willamette River Valley

Why did Polk feel pressure to annex California?

rumors existed that Britain was closing in on a deal

As a result of the panic of 1837

several states defaulted on their bonds or repudiated them openly

In 1855, pro-slavery southerners regarded Kansas as

slave territory worth contesting against antislavery northerners to determine the territory's ultimate political status

The Republicans lost the election of 1856 in part because of

southern threats that a republican victory would tantamount be a declaration of war

The Wilmot Proviso

symbolized the burning issue of slavery in the territories

The primary reason that the British government decided to compromise with the United States on the Oregon Country border was

the British government's belief that the Oregon Country was neither politically nor economically critical to British foreign policy interests

In "Bleeding Kansas" in the mid-1850s, ____ was/were identified with the proslavery element, and ____ was/were associated with the anti-slavery Free Soilers

the Lecompton Constitution; the New England Immigrant Aid Society

The largest single addition to American territory was

the Mexican Cession

After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, the South concluded that

the North was dominated by "Brown-loving" Republicans

All of the following were results of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 EXCEPT

the Underground Railroad scaled back its efforts

Many northern states passed personal liberty laws in response to the Compromise of 1850's provision regarding

the facilitation of the return of runaway slaves to slaveowners

In 1846, the United States went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a) moral indignation expressed by southwestern American expansionists following the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexican crossing the Rio Grande in April 1846 b) Polk's desire to acquire California c) the ideology of Manifest Destiny d) the impulse to satisfy Congressman Abraham Lincoln and similar political allies in Congress to enact the so-called "spot resolutions" concerning alleged Mexican incursions into American territory.

the impulse to satisfy Congressman Abraham Lincoln and similar political allies in Congress to enact the so-called "spot resolutions" concerning alleged Mexican incursions into American territory

The two major parties kept the focus on the 1848 presidential election campaign on

the personalities of Senator Cass and General Taylor

A southern route for the transcontinental railroad seemed the best because

the railroad would be easier to build along the proposed southern route because of the topography and the proposed southern route would pass through either existing states or organized territory

The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 included all of the following provisions EXCEPT

the requirement that fugitive slaves be returned from Canada

The most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850 to the northerners was the concession to the South concerning

the revived, more stringent and coercive Fugitive Slave Law

The Pierce administration's secret scheme to gain control of Cuba was stopped when

the secret Ostend Manifesto was leaked to the public

Harriet Beecher Stowe was described by President Abraham Lincoln as

the woman who wrote the book that started the Civil War

The debate over slavery in the Mexican Cession

threatened to split national politics along North-South lines

In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was

to be decided by popular sovereignty

Daniel Webster's famed Seventh of March speech in 1850 resulted in

visibly strengthened Union sentiment and especially pleased northern banking and commercial centers

By 1850, the South

was relatively well off, politically and economically