APUSH First Semester (Final Review #1-4)
Which of the following events could be best interpreted as reflecting the exercise of power depicted in the image? A) The completion of the transcontinental railroad despite concerns about costs B) American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia C) The publication of the "South Carolina Exposition and Protest," which explained nullification D) The formation of the Whig Party
B) American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia
General Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown resulted largely from the A) desertion of Hessian fighters B) French fleet winning control of the Chesapeake Bay C) arrival of fresh Spanish soldiers to reinforce Washington's military D) failure of the British to capture and hold Charleston.
B) French fleet winning control of the Chesapeake Bay
The creator of the image would most likely agree with which of the following statements? A) Jackson's natural leadership skills made him an ideal president. B) Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional. C) Jackson would have accepted internal improvement if Congress had consulted him. D) Jackson was celebrated by the people because his foreign policies benefited the nation.
B) Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional.
Which of the following is a provision of the Compromise of 1820? A) Congress would determine the fate of slavery in all territory of the Louisiana Purchase B) Slavery was forbidden in states carved from the Louisiana Purchase above the line 36" 30' C) Popular sovereignty would determine all issues related to the expansion of slavery D) Every new free state admitted to the union would have to be balanced by a new slave state upon admission
B) Slavery was forbidden in states carved from the Louisiana Purchase above the line 36" 30'
"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." — Colin G. Calloway, historian, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, 2012 The excerpt above describes the effects of A) Columbian Exchange B) Great Awakening C) Middle Passage D) European Enlightenment
A) Columbian Exchange
Which of the following contributed the most to the American victory in the Revolution? A) French military and financial assistance B) The failure of Loyalists to participate in the war C) A major American victory at Valley Forge D) Support from French Canadians
A) French military and financial assistance
The discovery that tobacco was a profitable trade item secured the economic survival of Jamestown and Virginia led to each of the following consequences EXCEPT: A) Indians proved useful as slaves in tobacco plantations leading to massive hunting expeditions to round up workers from among neighboring tribes. B) Specializing only in tobacco, Virginia was chained to a single-crop system that made the colony dependent upon the fluctuating price of one crop. C) The plantation system was more productive than small farms, so migration of families was less important than the importation of large blocks of workers. D) Demand for land to farm tobacco resulted in increased pressure on local Indian tribes as colonists pushed into their territory.
A) Indians proved useful as slaves in tobacco plantations leading to massive hunting expeditions to round up workers from among neighboring tribes.
Which of the following most directly contributed to the decision by the United States to fight the Mexican-American War? A) The idea of Manifest Destiny B) The overcultivation of land in the Southwest C) The efforts of the federal government to assert authority over American Indians D) The economic competition that emerged during the market revolution
A) The idea of Manifest Destiny
The primary and most important purpose of the Black Codes in southern states was which of the following? A) ensure a stable, subservient labor force to rebuild the South B) return blacks to their pre-emancipation condition C) enforce strict racial segregation D) encourage blacks to leave the South
A) ensure a stable, subservient labor force to rebuild the South
Compared to New England, early English settlement in Virginia and Maryland was characterized by A) lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a greater gender imbalance B) lower life expectancy, many immigrants from Spanish colonies, and a diversified economy C) higher life expectancy, government organized at the village level, and an established church D) higher life expectancy, greater population diversity, and rapid expansion
A) lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a greater gender imbalance
"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." — William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, January 1831 Opponents of Garrison's ideas expressed in the excerpt would most likely have argued that A) slavery was a positive social institution and should not be changed B) Garrison was too conservative in his vision of social change C) new discoveries about racial equality had made Garrison's ideas obsolete D) African Americans were already guaranteed basic rights
A) slavery was a positive social institution and should not be changed
The Emancipation Proclamation issued by Lincoln following Battle of Antietam had the effect of A) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union B) increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election C) quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policy D) causing the slaves in the South to revolt against their masters
A) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union
Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT A) the growing power of poor Southern whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery B) the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South C) differences over morality and the future of slavery D) the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions
A) the growing power of poor Southern whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery
At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because A) there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions B) these regions were more industrialized than other regions in the South C) Lincoln had promised not to send federal troops into these regions D) these regions had more trade with the North than did other regions in the South
A) there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions
"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing." — David M. Potter, historian, The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848-1861, published in 1976 Which of the following historical developments during the nineteenth century best supports Potter's argument about the underlying cause of sectional conflict? A) The expansion of voting rights for White males B) The increase in economic opportunities in the West C) The influx of Irish and German immigrants to Northern cities D) The increasing prominence of the Whig Party in national politics
B) The increase in economic opportunities in the West
Which of the following contributed most directly to the end of Reconstruction? A) The political struggles to pass the 10th Amendment B) The waning commitment to reform in the North C) The distribution of patronage jobs by the Republican Party D) The growing influence of the federal government over the states
B) The waning commitment to reform in the North
"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." — Colin G. Calloway, historian, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, 2012 American Indian societies most commonly reacted to the changes described in the excerpt by A) embracing European religious and agricultural practices B) adapting European material goods while attempting to preserve cultural autonomy C) borrowing European political structures to organize their own societies D) encouraging European colonists to accept American Indian cultural practices
B) adapting European material goods while attempting to preserve cultural autonomy
"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military. "Although Englishmen long remained under the illusion that the Indians would eventually become useful English subjects, it became apparent fairly early that Indian labor was not going to sustain the founders of Jamestown [Virginia]." — Edmund S. Morgan, historian, "The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607-18," published in 1971 In the first half of the 1600s, American Indians in Virginia and Maryland most typically responded to the English colonization described in the excerpt by A) organizing communities to adopt English customs B) defending their territory against the English C) voluntarily moving farther west, away from the English D) allying with the French to counter English encroachment
B) defending their territory against the English
The most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 was A) a measure to endorse popular sovereignty B) passage of a tougher fugitive slave law C) admittance of Texas as a slave state D) legislation authorizing that allowed for the creation of a transcontinental railroad
B) passage of a tougher fugitive slave law
In the decade following the ratification of the Constitution, divisions emerged between Hamilton's political party, the Federalists, and their rivals, the Democratic-Republicans, over all of the following issues EXCEPT the A) relationship between national and state governments B) relationship between religion and the federal government C) federal government's degree of support for manufacturing and finance
B) relationship between religion and the federal government
"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing." — David M. Potter, historian, The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848-1861, published in 1976 The "acquisition of a new empire" referenced in the excerpt most directly fostered sectional division through the A) extension of trade westward toward Asia B) renewed debate over the expansion of slavery C) rise of anti-immigration sentiment D) decline in the Democratic Party
B) renewed debate over the expansion of slavery
Which of the following best applies to the Constitution as it was first written? A) A clearly written document that would not be subject to interpretation B) A slight revision to the Articles of Confederation C) A series of compromises that satisfied no one completely D) A perfect example of democracy
C) A series of compromises that satisfied no one completely
The Coercive Acts were passed by Parliament in response to A) fortifying Bunker Hill B) Battle of Lexington C) Boston Tea Party D) Boston Masacre
C) Boston Tea Party
A federal agency that was important for feeding and caring for war refugees and helping former slaves find jobs during the Reconstruction period was the A) Homestead Agency B) Congressional caucus C) Freedman's Bureau D) Red Cross
C) Freedman's Bureau
Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina? A) The Dred Scott decision B) John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry C) The Election of 1860 D) The Wilmot Proviso
C) The Election of 1860
"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." — William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, January 1831 The type of views expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from which of the following trends? A) Growing nativism B) Opposition to industrialization C) The Second Great Awakening D) Support for the idea of Manifest Destiny
C) The Second Great Awakening
"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy." — Alexander Hamilton, speech at the Constitutional Convention, 1787 Hamilton's views expressed in the excerpt most directly support which of the following? A) The process of electing members of the House of Representatives B) The method of counting slaves for representation and taxation C) The establishment of the Supreme Court D) The addition of the Bill of Rights
C) The establishment of the Supreme Court
"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military. "Although Englishmen long remained under the illusion that the Indians would eventually become useful English subjects, it became apparent fairly early that Indian labor was not going to sustain the founders of Jamestown [Virginia]." — Edmund S. Morgan, historian, "The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607-18," published in 1971 Which of the following was a long-term result of the situation in Jamestown described in the excerpt? A) The rapid growth of family-centered towns and villages B) The prioritizing of trade and shipbuilding over agricultural production C) The rise of the plantation system and the use of African slaves D) The removal of Spanish and French military threats to regional control
C) The rise of the plantation system and the use of African slaves
"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." — Colin G. Calloway, historian, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, 2012 Europeans most typically explained the process described in the excerpt in which of the following ways? A) Denying that such changes had taken place B) Interpreting it as evidence of a need to protect the rights of artisans and farmers C) Viewing it as proof of the higher level of civilization among Europeans D) Asserting that all people were equal and deserving of the same rights
C) Viewing it as proof of the higher level of civilization among Europeans
Politics in the antebellum United States changed dramatically because A) widespread electoral reform resulted in direct election of senators B) female suffrage became a topic of debate in the House of Representatives C) expanded white male suffrage broadened participation in elections D) the power of the federal government expanded to ensure the equal protection of all citizens
C) expanded white male suffrage broadened participation in elections
In the founding of Pennsylvania, William Penn's primary purpose was to A) provide a refuge for persecuted Christians from all over Europe. B) demonstrate the possibility and practicality of establishing truly friendly relations with the Indians. C) provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers. D) provide a refuge for English debtors.
C) provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers.
"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." — Colin G. Calloway, historian, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, 2012 The process described in the excerpt most affected Europeans through A) an increase in cooperation among European nations B) a decline in religious activity and the secularization of Europe C) significant population growth and economic development in many parts of Europe D) widespread epidemics of American diseases that decreased European population
C) significant population growth and economic development in many parts of Europe
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established A) the freedom of all slaves not emancipated under Abraham Lincoln's proclamation B) federal protection for African Americans from Ku Klux Klan terrorism C) that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude D) the right of citizenship for any person born in the United States
C) that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude
After the Civil War, the practice of sharecropping A) required African Americans to form groups to work as gang labor B) taught African Americans and whites to work together as farmers C) turned African Americans into a labor force with housing and supplies provided for by white planters D) forced African Americans to migrate to the North
C) turned African Americans into a labor force with housing and supplies provided for by white planters
All of the following groups would have been likely to agree with the image's depiction of Andrew Jackson EXCEPT: A) South Carolinians who opposed federal tariffs B) American Indians such as Cherokees C) western farmers who opposed the national bank D) advocates of federally funded internal improvement projects
C) western farmers who opposed the national bank
Which of the following would most likely oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act? A) Stephen Douglas B) A southern supporter of popular sovereignty C) A Missouri slave holder D) A New England abolitionist
D) A New England abolitionist
The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements? A) Economies will prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible. B) Colonies are of little economic importance to the mother country. C) It is vital that a country imports more than exports. D) A government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports.
D) A government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports.
"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice..... On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." — William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, January 1831 The excerpt was likely to have found the most support among which of the following groups? A) Immigrants from Ireland B) Members of Congress C) Justices on the Supreme Court D) Advocates for women's rights
D) Advocates for women's rights
"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." — Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1965 Which of the following provides the best evidence in support of the arguments in the excerpt? A) Political corruption in Southern state governments B) The emergence of the sharecropping system during Reconstruction C) Divisions within the women's movement over the 14th and 15th Amendments D) Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction.
D) Changes in voting patterns and office holding that occurred during Reconstruction.
Under the original Constitution, the only part of government that was democratically elected by the people was the A) Senate B) State Legislatures C) Supreme Court D) House of Representatives
D) House of Representatives
Which of the following is the correct order of passage of legislation affecting the colonies? A) Townshend Act, Declaratory Act, Stamp Act, Sugar Act B) Declaratory Act, Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Coercive Act C) Proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act, Declaratory Act, Stamp Act D) Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Duties
D) Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Duties
"[G]ranting all their mistakes, the radical governments were by far the most democratic the South had ever known. They were the only governments in southern history to extend to Negroes complete civil and political equality, and to try to protect them in the enjoyment of the rights they were granted." — Kenneth M. Stampp, historian, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877, published in 1965 Which of the following later historical developments is most similar to the actions of the governments described? A) The United States Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 B) The passage of immigration legislation in the 1920s C) The creation of the New Deal programs in the 1930s D) The desegregation of the United States military in 1944
D) The desegregation of the United States military in 1944
"Much of the national harmony had rested upon the existence of a kind of balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The decision to fight the [Mexican-American War] had disturbed this balance, and the acquisition of a new empire which each section desired to dominate endangered the balance further. Thus, the events which marked the culmination of six decades of exhilarating national growth at the same time marked the beginning of sectional strife which for a quarter century would subject American nationalism to its severest testing." — David M. Potter, historian, The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848-1861, published in 1976 Which of the following most directly helped maintain the "balance between the northern and southern parts of the United States" before the Mexican-American War referenced in the excerpt? A) The federal government's policies on a national bank and tariff B) The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening C) The outlawing of the international slave trade D) The passage of the Missouri Compromise
D) The passage of the Missouri Compromise
What did the Great Awakening, inter-colonial trade and American attitudes toward English culture, and constitutional theory have in common? A) They helped create imperial rivalry between England and France. B) They created a rebellious spirit in America. C) They created disdain for England. D) They contributed to a growing sense of shared American identity.
D) They contributed to a growing sense of shared American identity.
The Great Compromise provided for A) a judicial branch that was elected for a period of 8 years at a time B) an executive branch wit virtually unchecked powers C) the use of the Electoral College in selecting Senators D) a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation in the upper house
D) a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation in the upper house
"On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." — William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, January 1831 A person who agreed with Garrison's views expressed in the excerpt would most likely have advocated A) paying slaveholders to gradually free enslaved people B) encouraging free Black people to migrate to Africa C) the preservation of the Missouri Compromise D) immediate emancipation of enslaved people
D) immediate emancipation of enslaved people
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was significant for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A) it meant that Congress rather than the President would determine Reconstruction policy B) it showed President Johnson's unwillingness to accept the Radical Republican approach to Reconstruction C) it was the first major piece of legislation that became law over a presidential veto D) it guaranteed that former slaves would control state legislatures in the South
D) it guaranteed that former slaves would control state legislatures in the South
The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because of all of the following EXCEPT A) it reopened the Mississippi River to northern trade B) it helped to quell Northern peace agitation C) It divided the Confederacy into two parts D) it paved the way for the immediate capture of the Confederate capital
D) it paved the way for the immediate capture of the Confederate capital
"The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy." — Alexander Hamilton, speech at the Constitutional Convention, 1787 Based on the excerpt, Hamilton would most likely support A) the abolition of slavery B) reconciliation with Great Britain C) a weak central government D) property qualifications for voting
D) property qualifications for voting
The Battle of Saratoga was significant to the colonial cause because A) Great Britain was forced to remove troops from the colonies B) Great Britain's forced were shattered, requiring them to rebuild their forces before continue the war effort C) local Indian tribes refused to help the British following the battle D) the French alliance was secure for the colonists, eventually resulting in the Treaty of 1778.
D) the French alliance was secure for the colonists, eventually resulting in the Treaty of 1778.