APUSH review chapter 33-36

False

(T/F) A minimum wage of $3.25 an hour was established as a result of the Fair Labor Standards Act

False

(T/F) After Roosevelt's Court-packing plan failed, the conservative Supreme Court continued to stroke down New Deal legislation just as it had before

False

(T/F) Andrew Mellon, Hoover's Treasury Secretary, believed that the government should take all necessary steps to end the depression

False

(T/F) By 1939, the New Deal had largely solved the major depression problem of unemployment

True

(T/F) Congress rushed to pass many of the early New Deal programs that granted large emergency powers to the president

True

(T/F) During the New Deal, women made strides in several fields

False

(T/F) Eleanor Roosevelt followed the traditional role of the First Lady

False

(T/F) Eleanor Roosevelt had little experience with social reform and women's concerns before her husband was elected president

False

(T/F) Even amidst the worst of the Great Depression, most Americans did not worry that the United States would follow Italy or Germany in giving a dictator power to solve the crisis

True

(T/F) FDR promised the public "a new deal"

True

(T/F) Farmers began destroying their crops because they were too costly to harvest

False

(T/F) Herbert Hoover favored direct relief as a way of ending the depression

True

(T/F) Hoovervilles were places where unemployed people lived during the depression

False

(T/F) In designing the New Deal, Roosevelt and his advisers avoided drawing on European models that might smack of socialism to Americans

True

(T/F) One method of protest used by the CIO was the sit-down strike

False

(T/F) Philosophically, Roosevelt was not a pragmatist; his ideas were often vague and idealistic

True

(T/F) Politically, the New Deal is generally considered a great success

True

(T/F) Radical conservatives wanted FDR to nationalize, or take control of, the banking system

True

(T/F) Roosevelt's call for a New Deal in the 1932 campaign included attacks on the Hoover deficits and a promise to balance the federal budget

True

(T/F) Roosevelt's political coalition rested heavily on lower-income groups, including African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and southerners

True

(T/F) Senator Huey Long was a powerful opponent of the New Deal

True

(T/F) The Black Cabinet was a group of black government workers whom Roosevelt consulted

False

(T/F) The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Public Works Administration (PWA) were both designed to reform American business practices

True

(T/F) The Civilian Conservation Corps provided work for men between the ages of 17-28

True

(T/F) The Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) used sympathetic New Deal laws to unionize many unskilled workers previously ignored by the American Federation of Labor (AF of L)

True

(T/F) The Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act raised US tariffs to their highest level ever

False

(T/F) The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 relocated thousands of Indians to reservations in the Northwest

True

(T/F) The Liberty League was an organization of wealthy men who opposed the New Deal

True

(T/F) The National Industrial Recovery Act set up price controls for industrial goods

True

(T/F) The National Industrial Recovery Act was eventually declared unconstitutional by the supreme court

True

(T/F) The National Labor Relations Act put the federal government on the side of the unions in collective bargaining

True

(T/F) The New Deal more than doubled the US national debt through deficit spending

True

(T/F) The New Deal opened new opportunities for women through appointment to government offices and the new social sciences

True

(T/F) The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was established to make loans to banks, railroads, and industries

False

(T/F) The Securities and Exchange Commission supported the practice of insider trading on the stock market

False

(T/F) The Social Security Act established a system of social insurance available only to the poor

False

(T/F) The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was designed to primarily aid in conserving water and soil resources in eroded hill areas

True

(T/F) The Tennessee Vally Authority revitalized the Tennessee River Valley

True

(T/F) The US Social Security System created by the New Deal provided more comprehensive social welfare insurance than anything available in Europe at the time

False

(T/F) The Works Progress Administration was headed by John L Lewis

False

(T/F) The availability of easy credit was not a contributing factor to the depression

False

(T/F) The national income is the total tax dollars collected

True

(T/F) The second New deal focused on reform rather than relief and recovery

True

(T/F) The uneven distribution of income in the US was one cause of the Great Depression

False

(T/F) The word boondoggle referred to the crooked politicians in the New Deal agencies

True

(T/F) Two early New Deal programs, the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Agricultural Adjustment Agency (AAA), were both declared unconstitutional by the supreme court

True

(T/F) Unemployed writers, artists, musicians, and actors were helped by the WPA

False

(T/F) Upton Sinclair felt that the New Deal was too aggressive in dealing with the country's problems

False

(T/F) Women in the labor force was not affected by the depression

True

(T/F) under the Agricultural Adjustment Act, farmers were paid to destroy crops and to kill livestock

John L Lewis

Domineering boss of the mine workers' union who launched the CIO

E (women and poorer classes)

Even before FDR won the White House, Eleanor Roosevelt had become an influential figure in her own right by advocating the causes of: a) blacks and people with disabilities b) consumer protection and environmentalism c) farmers and ranchers d) immigrant and ethnic groups e) women and poorer classes

Brain Trust

FDR's reform minded intellectual advisers, who conceived much of the New Deal legislation

Franklin D Roosevelt

Former New York governor who roused the nation to action against the depression with his appeal to the "forgotten man"

C (promised to aid the "forgotten man" by balancing the federal budget and ending deficits)

Franklin Roosevelts presidential campaign in 1932: a) called for large-scale federal spending to reduce unemployment and restore prosperity b) focused primarily on issues of international trade c) promised to aid the "forgotten man" by balancing the federal budget and ending deficits d) emphasized that there were no simple solutions to recovering from the Depression e) declared that curing the Depression would require the president to exercise unprecedented power over the economy

Social Security

New Deal program that financed old-age pension, unemployment insurance, and other forms of income assistance

American Liberty League

Organization of wealthy Republicans and conservative Democrats whose attack on the New Deal caused Roosevelt to denounce them as economic royalists in teh campaign of 1936

New Deal

Phrase used to describe all of Franklin Roosevelt's policies and programs to combat the great depression

Hundred day congress

Popular term for the special session of Congress in early 1933 that rapidly passed cast quantities of Roosevelt-initiated legislation and handed the president sweeping power

Eleanor Roosevelt

Presidential wife who became an effective lobbyist for the poor during the New Deal

A (African Americans, southerners, and catholics)

Among the key groups that made up the powerful Roosevelt coalition in the election of 1936 and for many decades afterward were a) African Americans, southerners, and Catholics b) Republicans, New Englanders, and Old Immigrants c) Midwesterners, small-town residents, and Presbyterians d) business women, prohibitionists, and Coughlinites e) westerners, farmers, and miners

John Maynard Keynes

British Economist whose theories helped justify New Deal deficit spending

B (Excessive use of dry farming and mechanization techniques on marginal land)

In addition to the natural forces of drought and wind, the Dust Bowl of the 1930's was also caused by: a) Roosevelts AAA farm policies b) Excessive use of dry farming and mechanization techniques on marginal land c) southwestern farmers' tendency to plant crops only every other year d) the drying up of underground aquifers used to irrigate the Great Plains e) the repeated failure of large-scale dam projects to bring water to the region

Work Project Administration

Large federal employment program, established in 1935 under Harry Hopkins, that provided jobs in areas from road building to art

Francis E Townsend

Leader of senior citizen movement who called for the federal government to pay $200 a month to everyone over sixty

Huey ("kingfish") Long

Louisiana senator and popular mass agitator who promised to make "every man a king" at the expense of the wealthy

Security and Exchange Commission

New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading

Tennessee Valley Authority

New Deal agency that aroused strong conservative criticisms by producing low-cost electrical power while providing full employment, soil conservation, and low cost housing to an entire region

Agricultural Adjustment Agency (AAA)

New Deal farm agency that attempted to raise prices by paying farmers to reduce their production of crops and animals

D (the supreme court declared it unconstitutional)

Roosevelt's National Recovery Administration (NRA) ended when: a) Dr. Francis Townsend attacked it as unfair to the elderly b) Congress refused to provide further funding for it c) it cane to be considered too expensive for the results it achieved d) the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional e) it was caught engaging in wasteful and corrupt spending

E (closing all the banks and declaring a national bank Holiday)

Roosevelt's first bold action during the Hundred Days was: a) taking the nation off of the gold standard b) taking federal control of the railroads c) legalizing unions and strikes d) doubling relief for the unemployed e) closing all the banks and declaring a national bank holiday

Court Packing

Roosevelt's highly criticized scheme for gaining Supreme Court approval of New Deal legislation

C (raised prices by paying farmers to slaughter animals and not grow crops)

Roosevelts Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) mrt especially sharp criticism because it: a) failed to raise farm prices b) actually contributed to soil erosion on the Great Plains c) raised prices by paying farmers to slaughter animals and not grow crops d) relied too much on private bank loans to aid farmers e) favored southern cotton and sugar growers at the expense of Midwestern Grain growers

e (its failure took away much of the political momentum of the New Deal)

Roosevelts attempt to pack the Supreme Court with his supporters proved extremely costly because: a) the court members he appointed still failed to support the New Deal b) Congress began proceeding to impeach him c) it revealed that he could not stand up to sharp political opposition d) many of his New Deal supporters turned to back Huey Long e) its failure took away much of the political momentum of the New Deal

E (Father Charles Coughlin and Huey Long)

Strong political challenges to Roosevelt came from extremist critics like: a) Herbert Hoover and Al smith b) Francis Perkins and Harry Hopkins c) Henry Ford and Mary McLeod Bethune d) John Steinback and John L Lewis e) Father Charles Coughlin and Huey Long

Father Coughlin

The "microphone messiah" of Michigan whose mass radio appeals turned anti-New Deal and anti-Semitic

B (African Americans)

The Roosevelt landslide of 1932 included the shift into the Democratic camp of traditionally Republican: a) New englanders b) African Americans c) labor unions d) southerners e) Hispanics

B (pensions for the elderly, the blind, and unemployment insurance for workers)

The Social Security Act of 1935 provided for: a) electricity and conservation for rural areas b) pensions for the elderly, the blind, and unemployment insurance for workers c) assistance for low-income public housing and social services d) insurance for catastrophic medical expenses e) social welfare protections for the poor whether they were able to work or not

D (tennessee River)

The daring New Deal program that attempted simultaneously to provide flood control, electric power, and economic development occurred in the valley of the: a) Columbia River b) Colorado River c) Hudson River d) Tennessee River e) Missouri River

Dust Bowl

The drought-stricken plains areas from which hundreds of thousand of Oakies and Arkies were driven during the Great Depression

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

The early New Deal agency that worked to solve the problems of unemployment and conservation by employing youth in reforestation and other beneficial tasks

D (Committee for Industrial Organizations)

The new labor organization that flourished under Depression conditions with the New Deal's s legal backing was the: a) Knights of Labor b) American Federation of Labor c) National Labor Relations Board d) Committee for Industrial Organizations e) United Mine Workers

Committee of Industrial Organization (CIO)

The new union group that organized large numbers of unskilled workers with the help of the Wagner Act and the National Labor Relations Board

D (provide jobs and experience for unemployed young people)

The primary purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was the: a) restore unproductive farmland to productive use b) protect wildlife and the environment c) provide better-trained workers for industry d) provide jobs and experience for unemployed young people e) construct public buildings, shelters, and trails in the National Forests

A (local tribal self-government and recovery of Indian identity and culture)

The so-called Indian New Deal included an emphasis on: a) local tribal self-government and recovery of Indian identity and culture b) the distribution of tribal lands to individual Indian Landowners c) the migration of Indians from rural reservations to the cities d) programs to encourage businesses like gambling casinos to locate on Indian lands e) creating a common Indian identity beyond identifying with a particular tribe

Blue eagle

Widely displayed symbol of the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which attempted to reorganize and reform US industry

John Steinbeck

Writer whose best-selling novel portrayed the suffering of dust bowl Okies in the Thirties