Nutrition Chapter 7 (Proteins) Reading Questions

There are a total of ____ essential amino acids and eleven non-essential amino acids that the body needs in order to function.

9

Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?

Essential Amino Acid

True of False: Fats and Carbohydrates are rarely used to meet energy needs.

False

Which of the following are major sources of fuel for cells? Fats, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Water.

Fats Carbohydrates

All of the following are good sources of protein except: meat, soy products, milk, fruit.

Fruit

Forms of PEM include: Marasmus, PKU, Kwashiorkor, Celiac Disease.

Marasmus Kwashiorkor

Which of these foods will a vegan eat? Ice Cream, Watermelon, Vegetable Oil, Tofu

Watermelon Vegetable Oil Tofu

Gene expression results in: fat synthesis, carbohydrate synthesis, protein breakdown, protein synthesis.

Protein Synthesis

Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach.

1. Denaturtion by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin. 2. The pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes. 3. Final Digestion occurs within absorptive cells. 4. Amino Acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver. 5. Rectum: very little dietary protein is excreted in feces.

Put the processes of protein digestion in correct order from start to finish.

1. Digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. 2. Further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes, including trypsin. 3. Final Digestion occurs within absorptive cells. 4. Amino Acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver.

How many nonessential amino acids exist?

11

Humans are considered: able to eat plants and animals, best at eating plants and animals, omnivores, carnivores.

Able to eat plants and animals Omnivores

An immunologist is a physician who specializes in the treatment and diagnoses of _____.

Allergies

Protiens are made up of smaller units called ____ _____.

Amino Acids

When amino acids are bonded together it is called a poly-peptide. What is formed when two amino acids bond?

Di-peptide

____ involves a build up of excess fluids in tissues. Edema, Obesity, Anemia.

Edema

What are specific compounds called that speed up chemical reactions? Enzymes, collagen, buffers, antibodies.

Enzymes

Protein functions as ____. Enzymes, compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance, primary energy source, antibodies.

Enzymes Compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance Antibodies

Animal Proteins are a good source of all nine ____ amino acids.

Essential

There are nine _____ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as part of our diet.

Essential

A(n) ____ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet. Indispensable, Essential, Non-Essential

Indispensable Essential

Match the term with the most appropriate definition.

Lactovegetarian-Eats milk products but no animal flesh or eggs Lactoovovegetarian- Eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods. Ovovegetarian-Eats eggs but no animal foods.

Strategies to lower costs at the grocery store include:

Limiting soda consumption, eat at least 1 vegetarian meal per week, Consume more canned fish.

A ____ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

Non-essential

Which of the following cells do not contain protein? Certain hormones such as insulin and glycogen, None, All cells contain one protein, Skin blood and bone cells.

None. All cells contain some protein.

When a person's energy intake is adequate, PEM ____ likely to occur.

Not

The study of how a persons genetic makeup influences the way their body reacts to food is called _____.

Nutrigenetics

The branch of science that studies the interactions between gene functioning, dietary choices and the environment is called ___ ____.

Nutritional Genomics

A vegan, or total vegetarian eats:

Only plant foods

Match the term with its definition.

Peptide Bond-Chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together. Peptides- Small chains of amino acids Poly-peptides- Proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids.

Amino acids are the end product of ___ digestion.

Protein

Enzymes, antibodies and clotting compounds are made of ____.

Proteins

What will happen if the DNA contains errors? Ribosomes won't read the correct message, Incorrect mRNA will be produced, the poly-peptide chain will be incorrect, the body will correct the errors.

Ribosomes won't read the correct messages Incorrect mRNA will be produced The poly-peptide chain will be incorrect