APUSH Supreme Court Cases
What did U. S. v. E. C. Knight Co. undermine?
The authority of the federal government to act against monopolies.
What did Northern Securities Co. v. U. S. re-establish?
The authority of the federal government to fight monopolies under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
What is Ex parte Endo?
The court forbade the internment of Japanese-Americans born in the U. S. (Nisei).
What is Korematsu v. U. S.?
The court upheld the constitutionality of detention camps for Japanese-Americans during World War 2.
What is the Keating-Owen Act?
A U.S. federal law passed in 1916 that prohibited the sale of goods produced by child labor.
What is the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)?
A U.S. federal law passed in 1933 that authorized the President to regulate industry in an attempt to raise prices after severe deflation and stimulate economic recovery.
What is the Espionage Act of 1917?
A federal law passed shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I, which made it a crime to interfere with military operations or recruitment, to promote insubordination in the military, or to interfere with military recruitment.
What is the 'Brandeis brief'?
A legal brief that relies on scientific and sociological evidence.
What is Bakke v. Regents of the University of California?
Affirmative action ruling
What is the 14th Amendment?
An amendment to the U.S. Constitution that grants citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil War.
What is the 1st Amendment?
An amendment to the U.S. Constitution that protects the freedom of speech, religion, and the press, as well as the right to assemble and petition the government.
What did Ex parte Milligan rule?
Civilians cannot be tried in military courts.
What were the Insular Cases?
Confirmed the right of the federal government to place tariffs on goods entering the U.S. from U.S. territories.
What is Hammer v. Dagenhart?
Declared the Keating-Owen Act (a child labor act) unconstitutional on the grounds that it was an invasion of state authority.
What is Lochner v. New York?
Declared unconstitutional a New York act limiting the working hours of bakers due to a denial of the 14th Amendment rights.
What is Adkins v. Children's Hospital?
Declared unconstitutional a minimum wage law for women on the grounds that it denied women freedom of contract.
What was the ruling in Scott v. Sanford?
Dred Scott was not a citizen and had no standing in court.
What is Bush v. Gore?
Equal protection clause in presidential election
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
Extends to the defendant the right of counsel in all state and federal criminal trials regardless of their ability to pay.
What is Boy Scouts of America v. Dale?
Freedom of association vs. anti-discrimination
What did Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Co. v. Minnesota find?
Granger law regulations were violations of the 5th Amendment.
What did Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois declare?
Granger laws regulating interstate commerce were unconstitutional.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
In-custody interrogation rights
What did Pollock v. The Farmers' Loan and Trust Co. declare?
Income tax under the Wilson-Gorman Tariff was unconstitutional.
What did Commonwealth v. Hunt declare?
Labor unions and strikes were lawful.
What is Roe v. Wade?
Legalized abortion
What is Clinton v. Jones?
Presidential immunity from lawsuits
What is Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge?
Supremacy of society's interest over private interest
What is Muller v. Oregon?
Recognized a 10-hour work day for women laundry workers on the grounds of health and community concerns.
What is U.S. v. Richard Nixon?
Rejected presidential privilege
What is Escobedo v. Illinois?
Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police.
What did Plessy v. Ferguson legalize?
Segregation in publicly owned facilities.
What did the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 legalize?
Segregation with regard to private property.
What is the minimum wage?
The lowest wage that an employer is legally allowed to pay to an employee.
What is the right to counsel?
The right of a defendant in a criminal trial to have the assistance of a lawyer.
What is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas?
Unanimous decision declaring 'separate but equal' unconstitutional.
What is Schechter v. U. S.?
Unanimously declared the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) unconstitutional on three grounds: that the act delegated legislative power to the executive; that there was a lack of constitutional authority for such legislation; and that it sought to regulate businesses that were wholly intrastate in character.
What is Schenck v. U. S.?
Unanimously upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 which declared that people who interfered with the war effort were subject to imprisonment; declared that the 1st Amendment right to freedom of speech was not absolute; free speech could be limited if its exercise presented a 'clear and present danger.'