Aquatics Unit 5
Just like on earth, they are determined by the distance and orbit around the sun. ✓ Just like on earth, they are determined by the composition of its atmosphere. ✓ Just like on earth, they are determined by the rotation of the planet, the tilt of the planet on its axis.
How are weather and climate on our planet similar to other planets?
The rising of the warmer, less dense air creates an area near the earth's surface that is lower in pressure than the surrounding areas. The warm, less dense air then rises. When this happens, cool air rushes to move underneath the warm air that just rose. As the gas molecules near the surface of the earth heat up from the land and ocean, they move farther apart, becoming less dense.
How do low-pressure areas form?
The air over the land becomes warm and then rises. Moist air from the ocean rushes in towards the land to replace it. The water in the air from the maritime winds condenses into clouds, where the water falls as rain.
How do summer monsoon winds form?
Our oceans absorb the carbon dioxide.
How do the oceans keep global temperatures from raising too fast
The warm air rises over the ocean instead of the land, and the cooler air from the land blows in towards the ocean.
How do the winds work at night?
differences in pressure create winds.
How does pressure gradient force cause wind?.
The North Atlantic Current transports warm tropical water. This warm water creates warm winds that blow over Europe, making Europe's winter season less extreme.
How does the North Atlantic Current impact weather and climate conditions in Europe?
Hot water vapor rises, cools, and condenses., Water falls in different forms of precipitation. ✓ Water and air are heated causing water evaporation.
How is convection involved in the water cycle?
western
In normal, non-El Niño weather patterns, trade winds blow westward across the tropical Pacific. This piles up the warm, surface water in the __________ Pacific.
Closest.
In tropical and subtropical areas of the world, the three meters of ocean water __________ to the surface holds as much heat as the entire atmosphere
climate
India experiences both a dry and wet season.
rain
Nimbo
True
North America has a monsoon season, but it is weak compared to those that occur in Southeast Asia.
a back-and-forth pattern of reversing air pressure between the eastern and western tropical Pacific.
Southern Oscillation
right
The Coriolis effect causes winds to rotate________ in the Northern Hemisphere
Earth's gravity ✓ the heat capacity of the oceans ✓ the sun,the water cycle,the atmosphere ✓ the shape, tilt, and rotation of the earth
What are some factors of weather?
exhaling ✓ burning fossil fuels ✓ volcanic activity.
What causes carbon dioxide to enter in the atmosphere?
the shape of the earth
What causes the uneven heating of the earth?
atmospheric pressure
What does the earth's gravity cause?
pertaining to the sea.
What does the word maritime mean?
The tilt of the earth is responsible for the seasons. Winter occurs on the hemisphere tilted away form the sun. Summer occurs on the hemisphere tilted towards the sun.
What effect does the tilt of the earth have?
the trade winds that pile up the warm water in the western Pacific weaken. the upwelling weakens. the thermocline level lowers in the eastern Pacific, while at the same time it rises in the western Pacific
What happens to cause an El Niño?
it slows down ✓ it can change directions.
What happens when winds encounter obstacles?
the rise of cold water to replace the surface water that blew away. provides nutrients to the bottom of the marine ecosystem so that food chains and food webs are not disturbed
What is an upwelling and why is it so important?
the rise of warm air over a very specific or local area, such as a city or an airport runway.
What is localized convective lifting?
the tilt of the earth
What is responsible for the seasons on earth?
the transfer of heat due to unequal heating and cooling ✓ movement of air created through convection.
What is wind and how is it created.
the increase of carbon dioxide emissions may lead to global warming.
What would happen if the ocean's ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere weakens?.
Warm currents keep winters from being more extreme that what they already are.
Why are ocean currents important to global climate?
he water in coastal areas and the heat capacity of that water, these locations contain a much higher humidity, therefore more water heat capacity.
Why do coastal areas have more moderate temperatures than inland areas?
because cyanobacteria and phytoplankton need it for photosynthesis ✓ because plants need it for photosynthesis.
Why do oceans need carbon dioxide?
As the glaciers and ice caps melt, a large amount of freshwater will enter the oceans. ✓ A disruption in the North Atlantic current would lead to a lack of heat for the continent. Freshwater on top of the saltwater is likely to disrupt the ocean currents.
Why do scientists think global warming might lead to an ice age.
Dead and decaying plants and animals actually release carbon dioxide. Phytoplankton and cyanobacteria use up the carbon dioxide near surface areas where the light can penetrate the water.
Why does deep water have more dissolved carbon dioxide than shallow water?.
latent heat of condensation
the heat given off when water vapor condenses into clouds
weather
the state of the atmosphere on any given day
the force of two objects in contact with each other
friction
occurs when a cold air mass makes a wedge underneath a warm air mass as it rises upwards, forming rain clouds.
frontal wedging
layer
strato
gravity
Atmospheric pressure occurs because the atmosphere is subject to the earth's ____.
Gilbert Walker
proposed that monsoons are part of a larger system called the Southern Oscillation.
the transfer of heat through empty space
radiation
mid
Alto
dry season ✓ wet season
Areas with pronounced monsoons usually have different seasons, which are they? Select all that apply.
It prevents some of the heat energy from the sun from leaving the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. What does this mean?
curl of hair; high
Cirro
less dense
Hot air is ______ than cold air.
wind
Convection is responsible for transferring heat, as well as for creating __
the deflection of the direction of the wind caused by the earth's rotation
Coriolis Effect
heap
Cumulo
more.
Deeper water has ______ dissolved carbon dioxide than shallow water.
Yes, all objects above the temperature of absolute zero give off some radiation.
Do you give off radiation? Why?
a weather pattern characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
El Niño
Southern Oscillation
El Niño normally happens at the same time as _
a weather pattern characterized by unusually cool ocean temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
La Niña
faster than
Land and rocks heat up __________ water
Oceans
Our __________ make up the largest carbon sink on earth.
1/4
Our oceans are able to absorb at least _______ of the carbon dioxide we release into the atmosphere.
higher pressure and warmer temperature.
The atmosphere closest to the earth has ____.
The composition and layers of the atmosphere converge with the water cycle, or hydrosphere, to create weather. As the sun heats up the ocean, the ocean heats up the air. This process creates global wind patterns.
The atmosphere:
They are both nitrogen ritch.
The atmospheres of Earth and Titan are similar in that they both contain a(n) _______ atmosphere.
5.5 quadrillion tons
The gravity of the earth causes the atmosphere to weigh about ________.
retain heat.
The greater the heat capacity a substance has, the better it can
Overall Climate.
The ocean has a moderating effect on the climate of coastal areas, as well as earth's ___________
The spherical shape of the earth creates differences in how sunlight hits it. This creates an uneven heating of the earth, which drives weather. The tilt of the earth is responsible for the seasons and the rotation of the earth on its axis creates global wind patterns and differences in heating between night and day.
The shape, tilt, and rotation of the earth:
weather
There were record breaking temperatures this week.
good weather
Typically, areas of high pressure will experience
may be described as rainy, snowy, dry, hot, or humid is the sum of all the events that happen on any given day in terms of temperature, precipitation, and humidity. People watch the news, read the newspaper, or check their phones to see what weather meteorologists forecast for the day or week.
Weather
tropical storm
a low-pressure system that produces winds from 39-73 miles per hour
tropical depression
a low-pressure system that produces winds of 38 miles per hour or less
large areas of air that have similar temperature and moisture levels.
air masses
Energy
and the more _______ is required to increase that substance's temperature.
the pressure exerted by the weight of the earth's atmosphere; barometric pressure
atmospheric pressure
an area that has the ability to absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, absorbing more carbon dioxide than it releases.
carbon sink
. The east coast of the United States has cold, snowy winters and hot summers. Hawaii has a moist subtropical climate, while much of Northern Africa is desert
climate
winds that originate over land
continental winds
the transfer of heat due to unequal heating and cooling
convection
occurs when two air masses of similar temperature collide and move upwards together, often forming rain clouds in the process.
convergence
humidity
describes how much water vapor is in the air
all the different types of radiation and their wavelengths, or all the different types of waves from a specific type of radiation
electromagnetic spectrum
a low-pressure system that produces winds of 74 miles per hour or more
hurricane
Left
in the Southern Hemisphere.
Heat capacity
is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 °C.
lines drawn around a global map that connect locations with the same atmospheric pressure
isobars
high-altitude, fast winds.
jet streams
locations where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the rest of the surrounding area
low-pressure areas
winds that originate over the ocean.
maritime winds
wind systems that change direction from one season to another season.
monsoons
They predicted that liquid water exists underneath Titan's icy surface and that this water is salted with ammonia, this is because of the large quantities of methane in the atmosphere and tidal bulges.
n 2012, what did NASA predict about Titan and why?
occurs when an air mass and its clouds encounter a mountain, forcing the air mass to move from a low elevation to a high elevation.
orographic lifting
the resulting force of a high- to low-pressure change, measured across a certain distance.
pressure gradient force
Jacob Bjerknes
proposed that Southern Oscillation is part of a bigger pattern of circulation of wind and rain in the Pacific, termed the Walker Circulation.
a rise of cold water to replace the surface water that blew away.
upwelling
Edmond Halley
was the first person to propose that monsoon winds were caused by differences in heating between the land and ocean.
climate
weather over a long period of time
storms
while areas of low pressure will experience
