arch 301 final
louis sullivan
"form follows function", philosopher and artist; sought to develop a uniquely american architecture; master of art nouveau
bauhaus
"school of building"; german design school; set of cubical cells of glass, steel, & concrete; each section has specific function - classroom, offices, workshop, dorms
schroder house
"the first modern building"; lines and planes;
major themes of postmodernism arch
- historical awareness - decoration and ornament - visual variety - playful borrowing from past traditions - expressing sense of place and region
key aims of international style
1. independence from all past architectural traditions 2. belief that an entirely new architecture possible
le corbusier's 5 points
1. pilotis - building raised up on "stilts" 2. open facade - walls are flat planes with no ornament 3. ribbon windows - horizontal strips of window 4. open plan - interiors flow one into another 5. flat roof
frank lloyd wright 3 principles of architecture
1. unity 2. continuity 3. dynamism
users of plazas will not walk more than _ blocks to get to plaza
3
skeletal-cage construction
An internal metal skeleton holds building up. Walls are no longer weight-bearing. Major development in history of architecture.
unit for urban living
Le Corbusier; a self contained community;
villa savoye
Le Corbusier; themes of health, fresh air, sunlight, intellectual clarity
barcelona chair
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe; symbolizes international style; luxurious functionalism
3 new principles of international style
a new principle of structure, space, and function
chicago window
a window with one large fixed piece of glass that has two narrow double-hung windows, one on either side
frank lloyd wrights philosophy of architecture
an organic architecture; buildings should grow out of their site
industrial style
architectural style associated with industrial and scientific revolutions of 1800's
sagrada familia
art nouveau, antoni Gaudi; not yet finished
casa mila
art nouveau; antoni Gaudi;
3 developments important for architecture regarding chicago as an architectural center
balloon-frame construction; Great Chicago fire (1871); rise of chicago school
robie house and 4 elements of it confounding idea of "typical house"
best example of prairie style - few solid walls and little ornament - no obvious front facade or entry - main living rooms on 2nd floor - use of open plan
postmodernism
blends modernism with past architectural traditions; reaction against universal style of modernist arch
new urbanism
compact, walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods supporting sense of place and community
guggenheim museum interior
continuous spiral ramp for art exhibits
conventional development vs new urbanism
conventional development: convenience for autos, larger blocks of separated uses, lower densities, varied arch styles new urbanism: convenience of pedestrians, smaller blocks with mixed uses, nigher densities, integrated arch styles
art nouveau distinctions
curving, spiral patterns suggesting movement and growth; ornamental style based on organic forms; 1890-WWI
frank gehry
deconstructivist; approaches architecture as sculpture; known for curvaceous structures w reflective metal
johnson wax building
designed to support sense of corporate togetherness by open plan
great chicago fire (1871)
destroyed buildings and left 100,000 homeless; need for completely new city
rise of chicago school (1880-1910)
development of large, multi-story buildings; office buildings, warehouses, hotels "The skyscraper"
guggenheim museum exterior
expresses dynamic movement
guggenheim museum Bilbao, spain
frank gehry; one of most complex buildings ever bc designed with computers
taliesin
frank lloyd wright architectural school
prairie school style
frank lloyd write; midwest style house; expresses the great plains of midwest
crystal palace
industrial style; dissolves distinction between interior and exterior space - between art and nature
marshall field warehouse, chicago
industrial style; romanesque revival
william LeBarron Jenney
inventor of skeletal cage construction; sought most economical form or building; originally an engineer
chapel at ronchamp
le corbusier; compared to boat floating on tossing sea; associated with statue of virgin mary; cool windows
Ludwig mies van der rohe
less is more; some of most imaginative work in international style
high rise for elderly / working adults
less mobility probs bc no stairs & more social interaction / best if located in high-intensity urban areas with secondary locations around
second Leiter building (jenney)
little ornament, suggesting economic design; simple and direct design
william whytes key design factos
location (most important), street-plaza relationship, seating - must be near large numbers of potential users
auditorium building
louis sullivan; illustrats "form follows function"
seagram building
ludwig mies van der rohe; curtain wall of bronze; purity of straight line
chicago is center of _______, making it a good example of ____
midwest trade; it's excellent situation
le corbusier
most striking example of international style
series of tensions in design of falling water
natural vs manmade; horizontal vs vertical; sense of flow vs anchor; inside vs outside
what architectural elements came with industrial style
new types of buildings, new types of clients, new building materials and techniques
german pavilion
open-air info center for worlds fair in barcelona
kaufmann house
perched on top of a waterfall; a masterpiece of 20th century arch
chicago's site and situation
poor site; excellent situation
corbusiers image of the city
saw the future as cities of skyscrapers surrounded by huge green parks; vertical city in midst of nature
design elements of new urbanism
smaller blocks, convenience for pedestrians, higher densities of residents, public spaces, multiple uses spatial together
william whytes key aim
sociability
antoni gaudi
spanish architect from barcelona; art nouveau; architect of natural forms and color
carson, pirie, scott bldg
steel skeleton filled in by bay windows; lower stories ornamented (art nouveau) to draw shoppers; used design to make shopping enjoyable
guaranty building
sullivan; "it should be every inch a proud and soaring thing"; expresses american confidence and prosperity
johnson wax building interior
unusual mushroom shaped columns
balloon-frame construction
use of light, pre-cut lumber; much faster and requiring less skill than earlier timber post and beam construction
deconstructivist architecture
uses imperfection, contradiction, and edginess; looks like building might fall apart
le corbusier buildings
villa savoye; chapel at ronchamp; unit for urban living
two major streams of chicago school
william lebarron jenney (practical) and louis sullivan (artistic and philosophical)
international style architecture
world-wide style of architecture in 20th C., sleek, boxlike, minimal, abstract, technological, without ornament "the austere glass box" modernist style