arch 301 final

louis sullivan

"form follows function", philosopher and artist; sought to develop a uniquely american architecture; master of art nouveau

bauhaus

"school of building"; german design school; set of cubical cells of glass, steel, & concrete; each section has specific function - classroom, offices, workshop, dorms

schroder house

"the first modern building"; lines and planes;

major themes of postmodernism arch

- historical awareness - decoration and ornament - visual variety - playful borrowing from past traditions - expressing sense of place and region

key aims of international style

1. independence from all past architectural traditions 2. belief that an entirely new architecture possible

le corbusier's 5 points

1. pilotis - building raised up on "stilts" 2. open facade - walls are flat planes with no ornament 3. ribbon windows - horizontal strips of window 4. open plan - interiors flow one into another 5. flat roof

frank lloyd wright 3 principles of architecture

1. unity 2. continuity 3. dynamism

users of plazas will not walk more than _ blocks to get to plaza

3

skeletal-cage construction

An internal metal skeleton holds building up. Walls are no longer weight-bearing. Major development in history of architecture.

unit for urban living

Le Corbusier; a self contained community;

villa savoye

Le Corbusier; themes of health, fresh air, sunlight, intellectual clarity

barcelona chair

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe; symbolizes international style; luxurious functionalism

3 new principles of international style

a new principle of structure, space, and function

chicago window

a window with one large fixed piece of glass that has two narrow double-hung windows, one on either side

frank lloyd wrights philosophy of architecture

an organic architecture; buildings should grow out of their site

industrial style

architectural style associated with industrial and scientific revolutions of 1800's

sagrada familia

art nouveau, antoni Gaudi; not yet finished

casa mila

art nouveau; antoni Gaudi;

3 developments important for architecture regarding chicago as an architectural center

balloon-frame construction; Great Chicago fire (1871); rise of chicago school

robie house and 4 elements of it confounding idea of "typical house"

best example of prairie style - few solid walls and little ornament - no obvious front facade or entry - main living rooms on 2nd floor - use of open plan

postmodernism

blends modernism with past architectural traditions; reaction against universal style of modernist arch

new urbanism

compact, walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods supporting sense of place and community

guggenheim museum interior

continuous spiral ramp for art exhibits

conventional development vs new urbanism

conventional development: convenience for autos, larger blocks of separated uses, lower densities, varied arch styles new urbanism: convenience of pedestrians, smaller blocks with mixed uses, nigher densities, integrated arch styles

art nouveau distinctions

curving, spiral patterns suggesting movement and growth; ornamental style based on organic forms; 1890-WWI

frank gehry

deconstructivist; approaches architecture as sculpture; known for curvaceous structures w reflective metal

johnson wax building

designed to support sense of corporate togetherness by open plan

great chicago fire (1871)

destroyed buildings and left 100,000 homeless; need for completely new city

rise of chicago school (1880-1910)

development of large, multi-story buildings; office buildings, warehouses, hotels "The skyscraper"

guggenheim museum exterior

expresses dynamic movement

guggenheim museum Bilbao, spain

frank gehry; one of most complex buildings ever bc designed with computers

taliesin

frank lloyd wright architectural school

prairie school style

frank lloyd write; midwest style house; expresses the great plains of midwest

crystal palace

industrial style; dissolves distinction between interior and exterior space - between art and nature

marshall field warehouse, chicago

industrial style; romanesque revival

william LeBarron Jenney

inventor of skeletal cage construction; sought most economical form or building; originally an engineer

chapel at ronchamp

le corbusier; compared to boat floating on tossing sea; associated with statue of virgin mary; cool windows

Ludwig mies van der rohe

less is more; some of most imaginative work in international style

high rise for elderly / working adults

less mobility probs bc no stairs & more social interaction / best if located in high-intensity urban areas with secondary locations around

second Leiter building (jenney)

little ornament, suggesting economic design; simple and direct design

william whytes key design factos

location (most important), street-plaza relationship, seating - must be near large numbers of potential users

auditorium building

louis sullivan; illustrats "form follows function"

seagram building

ludwig mies van der rohe; curtain wall of bronze; purity of straight line

chicago is center of _______, making it a good example of ____

midwest trade; it's excellent situation

le corbusier

most striking example of international style

series of tensions in design of falling water

natural vs manmade; horizontal vs vertical; sense of flow vs anchor; inside vs outside

what architectural elements came with industrial style

new types of buildings, new types of clients, new building materials and techniques

german pavilion

open-air info center for worlds fair in barcelona

kaufmann house

perched on top of a waterfall; a masterpiece of 20th century arch

chicago's site and situation

poor site; excellent situation

corbusiers image of the city

saw the future as cities of skyscrapers surrounded by huge green parks; vertical city in midst of nature

design elements of new urbanism

smaller blocks, convenience for pedestrians, higher densities of residents, public spaces, multiple uses spatial together

william whytes key aim

sociability

antoni gaudi

spanish architect from barcelona; art nouveau; architect of natural forms and color

carson, pirie, scott bldg

steel skeleton filled in by bay windows; lower stories ornamented (art nouveau) to draw shoppers; used design to make shopping enjoyable

guaranty building

sullivan; "it should be every inch a proud and soaring thing"; expresses american confidence and prosperity

johnson wax building interior

unusual mushroom shaped columns

balloon-frame construction

use of light, pre-cut lumber; much faster and requiring less skill than earlier timber post and beam construction

deconstructivist architecture

uses imperfection, contradiction, and edginess; looks like building might fall apart

le corbusier buildings

villa savoye; chapel at ronchamp; unit for urban living

two major streams of chicago school

william lebarron jenney (practical) and louis sullivan (artistic and philosophical)

international style architecture

world-wide style of architecture in 20th C., sleek, boxlike, minimal, abstract, technological, without ornament "the austere glass box" modernist style