Arch Quiz 3

Qin Shihuangdi

(r.221-210 BCE) The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who believed strongly in Legalism and sought to strengthen the centralized China through public works.

peristyle

1. row of columns around a building or court 2. the space so enclosed

Theater of Marcellus

44-22 BC, built by Caesar, Augustus continued building it after Caesar's death.Held secular games, plays, and gladiator fights.

Trajan's Market

6 stories high had offices shops and you could also get a lot of supplies there. First shopping mall in all of history. Made by Apollodorus who was thought to be the greatest architect. He was Trajans favorite architect.

Chichen Itza, Mexico

900-1100 Toltec people City plan merges axial planning of Teotihuacan and additive urban compositions of Maya (irregular and clustered) Cenotes: water source, sacred, natural well to underground

Potlach

A ceremonial feast used to display rank and prosperity in some Northwest Coast tribes of Native Americans, host gives away many gifts

Great Wall of China

A huge wall that is over 6000 miles, which was built to keep the Mongolians in the north out of China.

Colosseum

A large arena in Rome where gladiator contests and other games and sporting events were held.

coffer

A recessed decorative panel that is used to reduce the weight of and to decorate ceilings or vaults.

Rammed earth

A stiff mixture of clay, sand or other agreggate, and water, compressed and dried within forms as a wall construction.

Corinthian

Along with Doric and Ionian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the most ornate of the three styles.

Roman Forum

An area for people to gather to hear speeches, shop, worship at temples, and socialize, center of the government

Bedouin Tent

Arab Nomad tents with long braces for the strong winds.

Baths of Caracalla

Built by Emp. Caracalla to please his citizens (vicious ruler) large pools, spas, gym, gardens...basically ancient country clubs for citizens to relax in luxury

Temple of Venus Genetrix

Built in the Forum of Caesar to acknowledge his lineage to the gods. Built of solid marble in octostyle. Housed expensive art, sculptures and carved gems brought to Rome from Greece

Chang'an

Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time.

Capitoline Temple

Capitoline = most sacred hill, first and holiest temple Tarquinius Superbus built (Rome's last king) Square in front has temples dedicated to other gods

Forum in Rome

Center of the city where meetings were held along with markets and trade

Grid City Planning

Chinese style of city planning

Nanchan Temple

Chinese. Tang Dynasty. 782 CE. Shanxi. Chinese wood frame architecture. Depicts religious tolerance. made of wood. Pagoda.

Maison Carree

Corinthian capitals, set on a high podium, front entrance, walls pushed out to meet engaged columns, influence for Jefferson's State Capitol

Foguang Temple

Foguang Temple is a Buddhist temple located five kilometres from Doucun, Wutai County, Shanxi Province of China. The major hall of the temple is the Great East Hall, built in 857 AD, during the Tang Dynasty. According to architectural records, it is the third earliest preserved timber structure in China.

Great Serpent Mound

Form: -1300' long, 3' high follows a river east/west axis earthwork site specific Mississippian culture Content: -numerous mounds forming the shape of a serpent Function: connection to Haley's comet might have been used to mark time/seasons Context: -Adams County, Ohio 1070 CE (11th century)

Teotihuacan, Mexico

Greatest city in Americas ("Rome of America") Had monumental planning Worshipped god of water

Luoyang

Han Dynasty capital

House of the Vestals

House where the six Vestal Virgins who tended the eternal flame lived.

Baths of Diocletian

Largest public bathing complex in ancient rome. Built by emporer Diocletian around AD 305. Built of concrete marble and brick. Held 3000 bathers. Same rooms as below. Now a church and museum

Caral, Peru

Located 15 miles inland Grew cotton with irrigation and traded that Traded with people in mountains, jungle, and coast (fishing nets) Pyramid platforms supported ritual rooms Microcosm: connecting earth to sky Hierarchy of residential spaces on mounds Cut-stone exterior walls filled with cotton bags of rubble for earthquake absorption No signs of war

Lothal, India

Lothal was one of the southernmost cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Bhāl region of the modern state of Gujarāt and first inhabited c. 3700 BCE.

Horyuji Temple

Nara, Japan. Exemplifies Buddhist monastery as in China and Japan. Pagoda, Kondo (golden hall), Gate house, lecture hall

Domus Aurea (Golden House)

Nero takes advantage of the fire of 64, to rebuild palace Already pretty expansive villa, after fire builds even bigger "The golden house" Claudius's temple never finished, turned into fountain after fire Known architects: Severus and Celer Innovations of golden house are pivotal, mark transition point in western architecture Painter of house: Fabullus! Advent of 4th style painting!! Rooms are no longer all square, and axially aligned so innovative Transition to more elaborate architecture, advent of Concrete as building material, because in concrete you can make it in any shape you want! Octagon room! Open dome! Series of dining room around it, around dome, light wells let light into dining rooms

Poverty Point, Louisiana

One of the oldest Paleo-Indian permanent settlements in North America, c. 1500 BC, with numerous mounds and other earthworks, and artifacts including some pottery. The site was possibly used for millennia.

Atrium/Peristyle Houses

Open courts, ceiling windows

Haida

Pacific Coast of North America, in an area that includes southern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia, Canada, lies an archipelago, or string of islands. These islands are known to Native Americans as Haida Gwaii.

Fogong Pagoda

Shanxi Province, China, 1056 CE

Grand Canal of China

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.

Basilica Aemelia

The Basilica Aemilia was a civil basilica in the Roman Forum, in Rome, Italy. Today only the plan and some rebuilt elements can be seen. The Basilica was 100 meters long and about 30 meters wide. Along the sides were two orders of 16 arches, and it was accessed through one of three entrances.

Basilica Julia (46 BC)

The Basilica Julia was a structure that once stood in the Roman Forum. It was a large, ornate, public building used for meetings and other official business during the Roman Empire. Its ruins have been excavated.

Basilica Ulpia

The Basilica Ulpia was an ancient Roman civic building located in the Forum of Trajan. The Basilica Ulpia separates the temple from the main courtyard in the Forum of Trajan with the Trajan's Column to the northwest. It was named after Roman emperor Trajan whose full name was Marcus Ulpius Traianus. Unlike later Christian basilicas, it had no known religious function; it was dedicated to the administration of justice, commerce and the presence of the emperor.

Ise Shrine

The Ise Grand Shrine, located in Ise, Mie Prefecture of Japan, is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the sun goddess Amaterasu. Officially known simply as Jingū, Ise Jingū is a shrine complex composed of many Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines, Naikū and Gekū.

Jinci Temple Taiyuan

The Jinci or Jin Temple is the most prominent temple complex in Shanxi, China. It is located 16 miles southwest of Taiyuan at the foot of Xuanweng Mountain at the Jin Springs

Pantheon, Rome

The Pantheon is a former Roman temple, now a Catholic church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus. It was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD.

Pont du Gard, Nimes, France

The Pont du Gard is an ancient Roman aqueduct bridge built in the first century AD to carry water over 50 km to the Roman colony of Nemausus. It crosses the river Gardon near the town of Vers-Pont-du-Gard in southern France. The Pont du Gard is the highest of all Roman aqueduct bridges, and one of the best preserved.

Chapelle Rouge

The Red Chapel of Hatshepsut or the Chapelle Rouge originally was constructed as a barque shrine during the reign of Hatshepsut. She was the fifth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt and ruled from approximately 1479 to 1458 BC.

Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii

The Villa of the Mysteries is a well-preserved suburban ancient Roman villa on the outskirts of Pompeii, southern Italy, famous for the series of exquisite frescos in one room, which are usually thought to show the initiation of a young woman into a Greco-Roman mystery cult.

The City of Petra, Great Temple and Treasury

The capital of the nabatean kingdom until it became part of the roman empire in 106 CE. - temple was a place to worship deities. - the architecture is heavily Greek and Near Eastern inspired. -*** At Petra, architectural elements like columns topped with Asian elephant heads reveal that the builders drew on a variety of architectural styles, including Greek, Indian, and Egyptian***

frigidarium

The cold-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment

Pronaos

The enclosed vestibule of a Greek or Roman temple, found in front of the cella and marked by a row of columns at the entrance.

Cloaca Maxima

The greatest sewer main sewer of Rome, created by Tarquinius Superbus.

caldarium

The hot-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment.

cardo

The north-south street in a Roman town, intersecting the decumanus at right angles

Curia

The officials assisting with the governance of a Church

Arch of Septimius Severus

Triple, triumphal arch. Awarded to Septimius Severus and his sons, Caracalla and Geta, for defeating Parthians. Dedicated 203 AD, In the Roman Forum, Made of marble. An inscription on it was removed to erase Geta from the world, top once had a bronze sculpture of the family.

Skin/Mat Tent

Tuareg

oculus

a circular window in a church, or a round opening at the top of a dome

engaged column

a column that is not freestanding but attached to a wall

Opet Festival

a festival celebrated when the nile flooded. It brought people from all social classes together to celebrate the the patron god of the pharaoh, Amon-Re. a boat was ridden down the Nile during the festival.

pit house

a house that was partially built over a hole in the earth so some rooms could be underground

Basilica

a large oblong hall or building with double colonnades and a semicircular apse, used in ancient Rome as a court of law or for public assemblies.

Ampitheater

a large open-air theater built in a semicircular pattern, with ascending rows of seats built into a hillside

Cantilever

a long projecting beam or girder fixed at only one end, used chiefly in bridge construction.

causeway

a raised road or track across low or wet ground

impluvium

a rectangular basin in a Roman house that is placed in the open-air atrium in order to collect rainwater

Pilaster

a rectangular column that usually projects about a third of its width from the wall to which it is attached

Dome

a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.

colonnade

a row of columns supporting a roof, an entablature, or arcade.

barque

a sailing ship with 3 (or more) masts, a small sailing ship

psuedoperipteral

a temple with a series of engaged columns all around the sides and back of the cella to give the appearance of a peripteral colonnade

mausoleum

above ground tomb, crypt and coffin inside and closed shut

hypocaust

an ancient roman central heating system using hot air ducts in the floors of the building

Axis

an imaginary line about which a body, building rotates.

Platform mounds

any earthwork or mound intended to support a structure or activity

Aqueduct

artificial channel for conducting water over a distance

annular vault

barrel vault, continuous, semicircular vault in the shape of a ring.

boat pits, Khufu Pyramid, Egypt

built into the pyramids because they gave the pharaohs huge boats to use in the afterlife (all of their possessions were buried with them)

insula

city block in Ancient Rome housed most of normal urban population

Barrio

district or town in Spanish speaking countries

groin vault

formed at the point at which 2 barrel vaults intersect at right angles

Hadrian's Villa

huge complex for Hadrian, great workmanship, mosaics, murals, canopus

colonnaded street

important roman, used in lecture 15

La Venta, Mexico

major olmec site oriented towards mountains to south, which are sacred site and also source of stone -underground mosaic, for visibility to underworld

Pagoda

multistoried Buddhist temple with eaves that curve up at the corners

drum

one of the stacked cylindrical stones that form the shaft of a column; cylindrical wall that supports a dome

atrium

open roofed entrance hall or central court in an ancient Roman house

podium

raise above surroundings, form base of a structure

exedra

recessed area, usually semicircular

forum

rectangular plaza surrounded by important government buildings

jian

rectangular space defined by 4 columns used in wooden framework

cavea

seating area in Greek and Roman theaters and amphitheaters, divided into 3 sections based on social class

natatio

swimming pool in a Roman bathing establishment

Dou-Gang

system of wooden brackets supporting overhanging roofs, cap & block

Temple of Mars

temple built on the campus Martius in Rome in the 2nd century BC, near the Circus Flaminius, dedicated to Mars.

Decumanus

the east-west street in a Roman town, intersecting the cardo at right angles

eaves

the lower edges of a roof which usually project beyond the side of a building

barrel vault

the simplest form of vault consisting of an unbroken series of arches; it forms a tunnel like shape

Tikal, Guatemala

the site of the highest temple created by the Maya

Domus Augustana

traditional name assigned to the "private" sector of the Flavian imperial palace on the Palatine

funerary barque

used in ancient Egypt to send off dead body of kings

Pompeii

was smaller than rome, but still an influential city due to its success in business and trade. Engulfed in a volcanic eruption Mt Vesuvius

Beodouin Tent

woolen tents in the Tibetan plateau