Art Appreciation Chapter 1

linear perspective

a system using converging imaginary sight lines to create the illusion of depth

forms

a three-dimensional object that has two fundamental attributes: volume and mass

shape

a two-dimensional area, the boundaries of which are defined by lines or suggested by changes in color or value

The Blue Room

a variety of different colors and patterns enliven this work

mass

a volume that has, or gives the illusion of having weight, density, and bulk. It suggests that a volume is solid and occupies space

monochromatic

a work that only uses one hue

Ai Weiwei

an example of an artist whose work shows a reaction to censorship

political, economic, religious

art challenges others, especially those in _____, ______, and ______ power

representational

art that depicts figures and objects in a real way

non-objective

art that does not depict a recognizable subject

elements and principles of art

artists traditionally discuss the formal qualities of an artwork in terms of the ______ and ______

primary colors

cannot be created by mixing any other two colors

context

circumstances surrounding the creation of a work of art, including historical events, social conditions, biographical facts about the artist, and his or her intentions

complementary

colors found on the opposite sides of the color wheel

tertiary colors

colors that can be mixed from a secondary color and primary color

analogous

colors that fall adjacent to each other on the color wheel

Gestalt

complete order and indivisible unity of all aspects of an artwork's design

The Dove

compositional unity is shown in this work

Untitled (The Hotel Eden)

conceptual unity is shown in this work

Fred Ott's Sneeze

duration, tempo, intensity, scope, setting, and chronology are all attributes that exist in this work, one of the first American movies

Vishnu Dreaming the Universe

gestalt unity is shown in this relief panel

figure/ground reversal

this is the reversal of the relationship between one shape and its background

contour line

this type of line can suggest a volume in space by giving us clues about the changing character of a surface

implied line

this type of line is not actually drawn but suggested by elements in the work. It gives us the impression we are seeing a line where there is no continuous mark

Dynamism of a Dog

this work gives the impression that we are seeing motion as it happens

Object

this work of art makes use of subversive texture, contradicting our previous tactile experiences

Picasso and Braque

this work shows a monochromatic color scheme

The Boating Party

this work shows an analogous color scheme

The Circus

this work shows optical color mixing

true

true or false: A two-dimensional object is called a shape, while a three-dimensional object is called a form.

false

true or false: Art from earlier cultures was usually an individual effort in which basic needs such as food and shelter were common themes.

false

true or false: Content is defined as the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.

false

true or false: Context is defined as the message or purpose of a work of art.

true

true or false: Formal analysis is concerned with the arrangement of the composition.

true

true or false: Subject matter is defined as what is being depicted or focused on (could be representational or non-objective).

true

true or false: we can be deceived by a color because of the color next to it

space

this is the distance between identifiable points or planes

line, form, shape, volume, mass, color, texture, space, time and motion, value

10 elements of art

contrast, balance, unity, variety, rhythm, emphasis, pattern, scale, proportion, focal point

10 principles of art

Hunters in the Snow

In this work, we see not only large rhythmic progressions that take our eye arounds the canvas, but also refined micro-rhythms in the repetition of details

Chiaroscuro

Italian for "light-dark". This is a method of applying value to a two-dimensional piece of artwork to create the illusion of a three-dimensional solid form

variety

Robert Rauschenberg used what to energize his work and to challenge the viewer?

freestanding

these works of art occupy space in the same way the other real-life objects do

Grande Odalisque

This painting would be best examined using feminist analysis

The Scream

This painting would be best examined using psychological analysis

Artichoke Halved

This photograph shows strong contrasts of black and white that accentuate the sense of speeding up

Mistos (Match Cover)

This work by Claes Odenburg and Coosje van Bruggen uses monumental scale

Starlight

This work shows broad emphasis

true

True or false: Complete order and indivisible unity of all aspect of an artwork's design is called gestalt.

geometric forms

these types of forms are regular and are readily expressible in words or mathematics

analogous

What color scheme did Mary Cassatt use in The Boating Party?

subversive texture

What does Object by Meret Oppenheim make use of?

Old Man's Cloth

What is the name of the work of art by El Anatusui

the hand

What was the common unit of measurement to gage accurate proportions in ancient Egypt?

space

Which of the following is not a principle of art? contrast, balance, emphasis, space

pattern

Which of the following is not an element of art? color, pattern, form, line

Edward Weston

Who created Artichoke Halved?

Giacomo Balla

Who created Dynamism of a Dog?

Thomas Edison and W.K Dickson

Who created Fred Ott's Sneeze?

Jean-Auguste-Dominque Ingres

Who created Grande Odalisque?

Pieter Bruegel

Who created Hunters in the Snow?

Claes Odenburg and Coosje Van Bruggen

Who created Mistos (Match Cover)?

Robert Rauschenberg

Who created Monogram?

Meret Oppenheim

Who created Object

Muqi

Who created Six Persimmons?

Agnes Martine

Who created Starlight?

Suzanne Valadon

Who created The Blue Room?

Mary Cassatt

Who created The Boating Party?

Georges Seurat

Who created The Circus?

Romare Bearden

Who created The Dove?

Raphael

Who created The School of Athens?

Edvard Munch

Who created The Scream?

Joseph Cornell

Who created Untitled (The Hotel Eden)?

Josef Albers

Who was a color theorist who taught at the Bauhaus and often described color deceptions in his work, including how one color can look like two?

gestalt unity

_________ occurs when compositional and conceptual unity work together

sculpture

a ______ is no longer a relief when it can be viewed from all sides

pointillism

a late nineteenth century painting style that used short strokes of differing colors that optically combine to form new perceived colors

color perception

is dependent on our individual character, background, and nature

golden section

known since the Renaissance, this is the use of mathematical formulas to determine perfect proportions

atmospheric perspective

makes use of shades of color and clarity to create the illusion of depth

foreshortening

perspective technique that depicts a form at a very oblique angle to the viewer

secondary colors

produced by mixing two primary colors

additive colors

produced from light; turns white

subtractive color

produced from pigments; turns muddy

bioart

reflects the passage of time through the natural processes of growth and decay that organic materials undergo

representational, non-objective, abstraction, space, foreground, background

the 6 formal qualities of art

The School of Athens

the Italian painter showed sensitivity to proportion in this work

Six Persimmons

the artist used asymmetrical balance to reflect on life and spirituality in this work

Monogram

the artist used variety to energize this work and to challenge the viewers

El Anatusui

the artist's work references the colonial history of Africa and the impact of modern consumerism on cultural values

elements of art

the basic vocabulary of art

art

the communication of ideas and emotions

abstraction

the degrees to which an image is altered from an easily recognizable subject

hierarchical scale

the deliberate use of relative size in a work in order to communicate differences in importance

value

the lightness or darkness of a plane or area

color

the optical effect caused when reflected when light of the spectrum is divided into separate wavelengths

foreground

the part of a work depicted closest to the viewer's space

background

the part of the work depicted farthest from the viewer's space

subject

the person, object, or space depicted in a work of art

stylistic analysis

the process of analyzing the characteristic way in which an artist or group of artists use visual language to give a work an identifiable form of visual expression

formal analysis

the process of analyzing the elements and principles used by an artist

feminist analysis

the process of considering the role of women in an artwork as its subjects, creators, patrons, and viewers

iconographic analysis

the process of identifying and interpreting the symbolic meanings of the objects and elements in artworks, often revealing insights into content

psychological analysis

the process of investigating an artwork through consideration of the state of the artist's mind

contextual analysis

the process of studying the atmosphere and ideas, often from a particular time or culture which the artwork includes and reflects

proportion

the relationship in size between a work's individual parts and the whole

scale

the size of an object or artwork relative to another object or artwork, or to a system of measurement

volume

the space filled or occupied by a three-dimensional figure or object

texture

the surface quality of a work such as fine or coarse

subject matter

the topic. This may be visually apparent or the title given to the work by the artist

geometric and organic

the two types of forms

principles of art

the ways the elements of art are constructed in a work of art

organic forms

these type of forms are made up of unpredictable, irregular planes that suggest the natural world

implied motion

when we do not actually see motion happening, but visual clues tell us that it is a key aspect of the work

Mark Tansey

who created Picasso and Braque

two-dimensional

works having height and width, but little to no depth

three-dimensional

works having height, width, and depth