Art Appreciation Midterm Study (Chapters 1 - 15)

The 3 phases that comprise the ________________________ are: Upper Paleolithic (the later years of the Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age). These periods span roughly 14,000 to 2000BCE.

Stone Age

Fine arts are considered as works that encompass architecture, sculpture, painting, drawing and prints, whereas popular arts encompasses folk art, decorative and applied arts, but to a greater extent popular art includes art that is mass produced and is targeted at the general public and interests. True or false?

True

Stone Age people were the first to forge links between religion and life, life and art, and art and religion. In all probability Stone Age artists created art as a concern for survival, self-identity, a type of religious manifestation, and as a way of coping with these concerns. True or false?

True

True or False? Through information, insight, and interpretation a work of art is conceived and constructed using the visual elements of art, principles of design, composition, style, and symbolism. Moreover, the motives of artists and the historical, social, political, and personal contexts contribute to the creation of works of art.

True

the technical term for designing and composing letterforms

Typography

Italian Futurist artist _____________________ was obsessed with motion and speed as seen in the painting The Street Enters the House.

Umberto Boccioni

The ____________________ from the Upper Paleolithic Period c. 25,000BCE was associated with fertility. Interestingly, the hair style on this 4 ½ inch figure has a sense of identity, which is already happening in the Upper Paleolithic period.

Upper Paleolithic

_________________________'s painting Mulberry Tree uses a display of optical and psychological color through harsh, textured swirls of impasto, which is the thick buildup of paint on the surface of the canvas. The artist's brushstrokes are thick with paint that create an irregular tactile surface and a sensation of turbulence.

Vincent Van Gogh

the relief process in printmaking involves....

Woodcut, wood engraving

It offers many of the advantages of oil paint, but "without the mess" and is a mixture of pigment and a plastic vehicle.

acrylic

Unlike two-dimensional compositions, three-dimensional objects, such as sculptures, often have __________.

actual balance

Pens have been used since _________ times.

ancient

According to Lois Fichner-Rathus ____________Creates Beauty, Enhances our Environment, Reveals Truth, Immortalizes, Glorifies, Expresses Religious Beliefs, Reinforces Ideology, Expresses Fantasy, Simulates the Intellect and Fires the Emotions, Creates Order and Harmony, Expresses Chaos, Records and Commemorates Experience, Reflects the Social and Cultural Context, Protests Injustice and Raises Social Consciousness, Elevates the Commonplace, and Meets the Need of the Artist.

art

wet fresco painting

buon fresco

From the Italian for "light-dark," what term is sometimes used in place of the word modeling?

chiaroscuro

_____________________ or modeling is used to create the illusion of gradual shifting from light to dark through a successive gradation of tones across a curved surface--a technique often used to create the illusion of three dimensions in two-dimensional media.

chiaroscuro

__________________ has the potential to comprise of different qualities such as: the color wheel; additive & subtractive colors; cool & warm colors, properties of color; local, optical & arbitrary color.

color

The term __________________ refers to counterpose; whereby a figure positioned so that the hips and legs turn in a different direction from the shoulders and head.

contrapossto

Artists use the design principle of ____________ to focus the viewer's attention on one or more parts of a composition by accentuating certain shapes, intensifying value or color, featuring directional lines, or strategically placing the objects and images.

emphasis

Pigment is in a wax vehicle heated to a liquid state

encaustic

In ___________ painting paint is applied to damp plaster, and is also a technique that requires the artist to completely execute one section and then work on another.

fresco

the study of the themes and symbols in the visual arts: the figures and images that lend works their underlying meanings.

iconography

The sculpted figures placed in Egyptian tombs were thought capable of providing a "home" for the ______________ or spirit of the deceased in case mummification failed to preserve the body of the deceased.

ka

Although in art, a ____________ can be defined as a moving dot, it also has the potential to encompass types and qualities of line; actual implied, and psychological line; vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines.

line

________________refers to formal systems developed by artists to portray three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space.

linear perspective

The ground pigment is combined with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium

oil paint

The ground pigment is combined with a linseed oil vehicle and turpentine medium.

oil paint

_____________ are made out of ground chalk mixed with powdered pigments and a binder.

pastels

Texture can be used in conjunction with ____________, which is a design based on the repetition or grouping of elements such as line, shape, color, or texture.

pattern

A drawing implement that came into use in the 1500s and largely replaced silverpoint was

pencil

The word ________ is derived from Greek roots meaning, "to write with light."

photography

The color in a paint derives from its ______________________

pigment

The Hall of Bulls in Lascaux is...

prehistoric

dry fresco painting

seco fresco

The vocabulary of art includes line, _____________, light, value, color, texture, space, time and motion.

shape

____________, form, volume, and mass are inter-related terms: DON'T LOOK BELOW UNTIL YOU ANSWER however shape can include geometric shapes; organic shapes; nonobjective & abstract shapes; amorphous shapes & shapelessness; positive & negative shapes, figure & ground; and shape as icon.

shape

A silverpoint "mark" is made by small flecks of _____________________ left on the surface of the support, which allows for little or no correction.

silver

Three-dimensional works art of define and occupy actual—as opposed to illusory—________.

space

refers to a distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work of an individual artist, a school or movement, and those of a culture and era.

style

This medium uses a vehicle of egg yolk or whole eggs thinned with water

tempera

The word _________________ derives from the Latin for weaving.

texture

The goal of visual texture is to simulate the look and feel of actual surfaces and __________

textures

Name the principles of design

unity &variety balance emphasis & focal point rhythm scale proportion

.The _______ of a color of a surface is its lightness or darkness.

value

In one-point perspective, parallel lines converge at a single ____________________________ on the horizon.

vanishing point

.Understanding art includes the components of subject, content, form, iconography, __________elements and principles of design, mediums and techniques, and style.

visual

Fluidity of the technique is conducive to rapid sketches and preparatory studies

watercolor

This drawing material moves easily over a support to form lines that have sheen.

wax crayon

_____________ art commemorates rulers and warriors instead of offering homage to the gods, whereas the most common art form in Assyria was carved stone relief depicting scenes of war and hunting.

Akkadian

Art of the ________________________________ explores a series of early civilizations that did leave a written record: the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Egyptians, Minoans, and the Mycenaeans.

Ancient Near East

______ includes these materials and systems: Stone Architecture, Wood Architecture, Cast-Iron Architecture, Steel-Cage Architecture, Reinforced Concrete Architecture, and Steel-Cable Architecture.

Architecture

____________________'s painting Marilyn (Vanitas) contains the Principles of Design including Rhythm, Technique, Unity & Varity, Emphasis & focal point, medium, style, balance, symbolism, scale and proportion.

Audrey Flack

Sculpture is divided into four major categories: relief sculpture, ________high relief, and free-standing sculptures.

Bas-relief

A liquid material is poured into a mold. This process is....

Casting

Artist ___________________________, a photographer and film maker, adopts diverse personae for her work.

Cindy Sherman

_______________'s painting Rouen Cathedral: The Portal (In Sun) used optical color, which the artist tried to reproduce the visual effects of light and atmosphere on a tangible solid.

Claude Monet

________________________'s work Package is a finely rendered work, created primarily of charcoal and pastel.

Claudio Bravo

Glass artist ____ has redefined the conventional definition and function of "chandelier."

Dale Chihuly

Migrant Mother was a product of ____'s camera and the sponsorship of the Farm Security Administration, a U.S. government agency

Dorothea Lange

In ____ or Land Art large amounts of land or earth are shaped into sculpture

Earthworks

Some site-specific artists return to the land or earth as a way of returning to the first principles of art and also call attention to ____ concerns

Ecological

______'s photograph The Flatiron Building - Evening (1906) is considered an art form

Edward Steichen

Great Pyramids of Giza are....

Egyptian

Narmer Palette is...

Egyptian

In ___________________'s color linocut Sharecropper the artist used subtle contours, which can be created with directional changes in hatched lines

Elizabeth Catlett

Broadly speaking, realism refers to the portrayal of people and things as they are seen by the eye or really thought to be, without idealization, without distortion, which can be seen in ________________'s painting Nameless and Friendless.

Emily Mary Osborne

The intaglio process in printmaking involves.....

Engraving, drypoint, etching, mezzotints and aquatint

___'s Tar Beach (1988) is a mixed media created with acrylic, quilt, and canvas

Faith Ringgold

True or false? Site-specific art is produced is produced for many locations and - in theory, at least, is meant to be relocated.

False.

"Falling Water," the popular name of a house designed by ________________________________, is properly called the Kaufmann House, and is considered the paradigm of organic architecture.

Frank Lloyd Wright

Name the types of painting

Fresco Encaustic Tempera Oil Acrylic Watercolor Spray paint

Implied motion and implied time are found in Baroque sculptor _______________________'s Apollo and Daphne through the use of diagonal lines of force that help simulate movement from left to right.

Gianlorenzo Bernini

___________________'s George Washington used oil paint for the medium

Gilbert Stuart George

A flying buttresses would most likely be found on a...

Gothic cathedral

an artistic process used to communicate information and ideas through writing, images, and symbols that are connected to contemporary human experience.

Graphic design

Kouros/Kore - Greek or Roman?

Greek

The 4 periods of _____________________ Art are: Geometric; Archaic; Classical, and Hellenistic

Greek

The Babylonia king _________________________________'s major contribution to civilization was the codification of Mesopotamian laws.

Hammurabi

One of the most impressive mortuary temples of the Egyptian New Kingdom is that of _______________________________.

Hatshepsut

The ___________________ was made of gold and weighing almost 250 pounds, and is the last of 3 nesting coffins where the body of the King lay, wrapped in linen, his face covered with an astounding gold mask. The hands of his effigy cross over the chest and clutch the royal symbols of the crook and the flail.

Innermost coffin of Tutankhamen

The painting "Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride" by ________________ is loaded with iconography.

Jan Van Eyck

The "oven" that ceramists use to fire their work is called a...

Kiln

emblematic designs used to identify and advertise a company or organization

Logo

Among the greatest American masters of glass during and after the period of Art nouveau was _____.

Louis Comfort Tiffany

Which architect said "form follows function"?

Louis Sullivan

_____'s Wainwright Building in Saint Louis, MO (1890) is considered the 1st modern skyscraper.

Louis Sullivan

_________ for Architecture can consist of these mediums: Stone; Wood; Cast Iron; Steel Cage; Reinforced Concrete; Steel Cable; and Shell

Materials

____'s Vietnam Veterans Memorial is an example of Site-Specific Art, sculpture, and polished black granite

Maya Lin

______'s marble, The Cross-Legged Captive, is an example of carving, in which the sculptor cuts away material until the desired form is achieved

Michelangelo

______________________'s Madonna and Child, 1525, is an excellent example of pencil & red chalk

Michelangelo Buonarotti

____ is credited with performing the first successful experiments in cinematography

Muybridge

The ___________________________, which was created in 3200 BCE, represents the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, and depicts the King as a leader, and as a warrior. It also depicts casualties of war and conquest, agriculture and the domestication of animals, and furthermore, was used for cosmetics.

Narmer Palette

Stonehenge is...

Neolithic

The camera _________________ could be a box or an actual room with a small hole that admits light through one wall.

Obscura

ways of organizing design elements in a printed work

Page layout and book design

Using the canon of proportions, or contrapposto, one of the earliest artists to observe the human body's shifting of weight in order to achieve balance in the sculpture Doryphoros was ___________________________.

Polykleitos

________________ processes are divided into 4 major categories

Printmaking

What are the 4 processes of printmaking?

Relief Intaglio Lithography Serigraphy

________'s best-known sculptural material is earth, as seen in his work Spiral Jetty.

Robert Smithson

The art of carving, casting, modeling, or assembling materials into three dimensional figures of forms

Sculpting