Art History ch.15

4 facts?

-1)

4 facts

-1) He specialized in donor portraits and images of the Madonna. Memling created many works with the Virgin portrayed as a young princess holding a doll-like infant Jesus. -2) The central panel, called the Mystic Marriage of St Catherine, depicts Mary seated on a throne while two angles hover directly above holding her crown. -3) The Christ child sits on his mother's lap, holding an apple in one hand and slipping the ring on St Catherine's finger to signify the mystic marriage. -4) An angel plays a portable organ while another holds the Book of Wisdom for the Virgin.

4 facts

-1) His Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons, shows both the versatility of the medium and the artist's master of it. -2) The Saint is caught in a revolving thorn bush of spiky demons , who claw and tear at him furiously. -3) Martins lines of varying thickness and density which were carved into a metal plate, create distinct planes of tonal values and textures. -4) The use of crosshatching, is used to define forms, and was probably developed by Martin.

orthogonals

converging diagonal lines imagined to be behind and perpendicular to the picture plane

oil painting

(a painting technique using oil based pigments.) -Oil paint can imitate textures far better than fresco or tempera, it was perfectly suited to creating the illusion of reality that was so important to Renaissance artists and patrons.

4 facts

- 1) The two painted panels show the Annunciation and Visitation ( on the left) and the Presentation in the Temple and Flight to Egypt. -2) This early example of oil painting attempts to represent the three-dimensional world on a two dimensional surface, but the gold background and flat halo's are reminiscent of medieval painting techniques. -3) The exterior panels are an unusual combination of different styles, locales, and religious symbolism. The two painting include both landscape and interior scenes. -4) Borederlam depicted the buildings in both Romanesque and Gothic styles.

4 facts

-1) Chevalier appears kneeling with his hands clasped in prayer next Saint Stephan, who is holding a stone, symbolizing his martyrdom ( death by stoning) atop of a volume of the holy scriptures. -2) Jean rendered the entire image in meticulous detail and included a highly ornamented architectural setting -3) The Virgins left breast is exposed, presumably to nurse the infant Jesus, but she does not look at her son or the viewer. -4) The model for the Virgin Mary was Agnes Sorel, the mistress of King Charles the 7th.

4 facts

-1) In contrast the illustration for October focuses on the peasants. -2) The Limbourg brother depicted a sower, a man plowing on horseback, and a washerwoman. -3) The city dwellers walk the promenade in front of the Louvre ( the French kings residence at the time and now one of the worlds great art museums.) -4) The peasants appear somewhat content as they go about their various tasks.

4 facts?

-1) Mary of the burgundy prays in a private chapel. Seen through a window is the answer to her prayers. -2) On a ledge to her left are her rosary beads and a tall vase with purple irises, flowers associated with the virgin Mary. -3) The masterful representation of rich fabrics, of Mary's transparent veil, and of the still life of flowers all attest to this painter's skill and powers of observation. -4)

4 facts?

-1) On the top of the outside of the altarpiece we have prophets who are predicting the coming of Christ. -2) The patrons who commissioned the altarpiece are depicted on the lower half of the doors praying in red robes. -3) The figures represented as sculptures are the two Saint Johns, (the Baptists and the Evangelist) who were significantly important icons to the patrons family. -4)

4 facts

-1) The Flemish elite embraced the opportunity to have their likeness painted, to immortalize themselves, and their lineage. -2) the wealth of family is quite apparent in this portrait, from their clothing to the furnishing of the house. -3) It is suggested that this is a witnessing of the male giving legal authority over his business and household to the women in his absence. -4) Their shoes are off, which is often a references to a sacred event taking place. A single candle in the chandelier represents the presence of God.

4 facts?

-1) The altarpiece was Portinaris gift to the church in Florence, and he appears on the wings with his family and their patron saints. -2) The main panel, Adoration of the Shepherds shows a vision from a Swedish saint in which Mary, instead of cradling her newborn son kneels solemnly to join Joseph. The angels and shepherds are adoring the infant Savior, who lies on the ground. -3) Hugo's masterful technique, and what the Florentines deems incredible realism in representing drapery made a deep impression on them. -4)

4 facts

-1) The figures are compressed onto a shallow stage, with a golden backdrop, somewhat reminiscent of the Italo-Byzantine style -2) The crowded composition expressed maximum action and emotion within a limited space. -3) There is a compositional unity and formal cohesion, that is strengthened by the depiction of sorrow and anguish expressed through the figures body language and faces. -4) The Virgin Mary, dressed in blue, and comforted by John the Baptist, and is posed in a similar fashion to Christ. Reflecting the belief that Mary suffered the same pain at the crucifixion as her son. -5) Rogiers extraordinary ability to represent flesh and fabric was unmatched during his time, along with this ability to render passionate sorry as it vibrates through a figure.

4 facts

-1) The first know western painted portrait in a thousand years, where the subject looks directly at the viewer. -2) Van Eyck used his considerable attention to detail, to inject a heightened sense of individuality into the portrait by including beard stubble, veins in the bloodshot left eye and weathered aged skin. -3) Most Historians consider this to be a self-portrait of the artist, painted by looking at this reflection in the mirror. -4) Across the top reads "As I Can," suggesting that this work was used to show perspective clients, what the painter could do in terms of recoding a true likeness.

4 facts

-1) The full page calendar pictures of The Very Rich Hours, are the most famous in the history of manuscript illumination. -2) Above each picture is a lunette in which the Limbourgs depicted the zodiac sings and the chariot of the sun as it makes its yearly cycle through the heavens. -3) Here we see January which portrays a New Years reception at court. The duke appears as a gracious host, the fire screen circling his head like a halo. The Lavish spread of food and elegant surroundings show the dukes wealth and kindness. -4) His chamberlain stands next to him urging the guests forward witht the words "aproche aproche"

4 facts

-1) The hexagonal limestone structure features a prominent statue of Moses, and five other prophets. -2) Each prophet is separated by a column with a capital and on top of those capitals, are angels with their wings outstretched, grieving and in prayer. -3) Above the angels on the platform stood a 25 foot depiction of Christ on the cross and the figures of the Virgin Mary, John the Evangelist, and Mary Magdalene. -4) The Well of Moses, was originally known as The Great Cross. -5) The voluminous folds and heaviness of the draperies, hides the structures of the body, but also give it movement.

4 facts

-1) This small altarpiece was produced for private patrons and intended for household prayer. Because it is a triptych, it can be folded up and easily carried to another room. -2) The "modern" context fo the painting, aimed to strengthen the bond that the patron or viewer felt with the biblical figures. -3) the Northern European artists didn't pay attention to proportions, or proper anatomy of the body. -4) The partons who are shown keeling in the garden and are witnesses to the Annunciation. They're set within a walled garden, which is an important symbol in late medieval and Renaissance art that often refers to Mary's Virginity.

4 facts ?

-1) Tilman's work features intricate Gothic tracery and religious figures whose bodies are almost lost within their swirling garments. -2) The draperies also serve as design elements that tie the figures to one another and to the frame work. -3) The strong sense of emotion throughout the facial expressions and body language of the figures was a common practice in Tilman's work and heightens the spirituality and weightlessness of the figures. -4)

4 facts

-1) on the outermost panels at each side, Adam and Eve. God's, their placement at the edges of the altarpiece shows their state of sin. -2) God the father is dressed like a king with a Papal crown on this head, a crown at this feet, and it holding a scepter. to show that he is the king of kings. -3) There is an overall theme of Gods saving grace, and his plan to forgive and redeem mankind. -4) This is one of the earliest example of God being shown as a God of forgiveness, a humanistic tradition. -5) The key panel of the altarpiece is the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb.

4 facts

-1) one of the earliest Northern Renaissance paintings to use linear perspective and a vanishing point to create the Illusion of depth. -2) All the rooms orthogonals ( converging diagonal lines imagined to be behind and perpendicular to the picture plane) lead to the vanishing point in the center of the mantel piece above Jesus's head. -3) By dividing the apostles into two asymmetrical groups with none sitting at the middle of the near side of the table, Bouts focused attention on the Savior, food platter, and wine chalice at the tables center. -4) Jesus is shown here in the role of a priest blessing the Eucharist wafer, instead of what is normally depicted.

facts

-Though profoundly different, the Italian and Northern Renaissances shared a similar interest in the natural world, and recreating the illusion of reality in their paintings and sculptures. -While the Italian Renaissance was influenced by Classical Greek and Roman styles. -Northern European Renaissance artists retained a Gothic sensibility, noted for somber moods and darker psychological undertones, Northern artist's created works in a more humble and toned down view of everyday reality.

triptych

-a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece. -it can be folded up and and easily carried to another room.

engraving

Engraving is a printmaking technique that involves making incisions into a metal plate which retain the ink and form the printed image.

annunciation

The announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that God wanted her to be the Mother of the Savior, Jesus Christ.

linear perspective

a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon.

vanishing point

the point at which receding parallel lines viewed in perspective appear to converge.

crosshatching

the technique of using crossed lines for shading