Art History Dual Enrollment Final Exam
Harlem Renaissance
Aaron Douglas was a leading figure of what literary and artistic movement in the early 20th century?
Synthetic Cubism
Aaron Douglas's style is a unique fusion of African art, the artist's own personal vision, and what European style?
Brutality and darkness
According to Picasso, what does the bull that appears in his monumental 1937 painting Guernica represent?
Surrealists
Artists of which style used methods such as automatism to provoke reactions closely related to subconscious experience?
Impressionism
By moving away from illusionism in this painting, and using colors to flatten form and to draw attention to the canvas surface, Manet played an important role in the development of what movement?
Louis Sullivan
Early in his career, Frank Lloyd Wright worked in the firm headed by which established architect?
Precisionism
Georgia O'Keeffe's skyscraper paintings in the 1920s, with their simplified planes, clean lines, and abstract rhythms, were associated with what style?
Regionalism
Grant Wood was the leader of what mid-20th-century art movement?
George Washington
Greenough sculpted which contemporary statesman in the Neoclassical style by portraying him seminude and enthroned, as Phidias depicted Zeus in the famous lost statue?
The redesigning of Paris under Napoleon III
In Caillebotte's Paris: A Rainy Day, the setting is a junction of spacious boulevards, a result of what major urban initiative?
Prefabricated elements
In constructing the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851, what cost-effective innovation did Joseph Paxton employ?
Expressionism
In his essay titled "Notes of a Painter," what did Henri Matisse describe as his primary goal as a painter in works such as Harmony in Red?
Prominent American women patrons of the arts
In the early 20th century, the cause of modernist art in the United States was largely carried forth by what group of supporters?
Neoclassical
Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii can be said to be a paragon of which style?
Velázquez
John Singer Sargent's family portrait Daughters of Edward Darley Boit shows the influence of his careful study of which painter?
Realism
John Sloan, a self-described "incorrigible window watcher," was associated with The Eight, a group of American painters who favored what style?
Abstraction
Many early-20th-century sculptors such as Constantin Brancusi, Barbara Hepworth, and Henry Moore championed what quality as the modern sculptor's proper goal?
Arts and Crafts
Members of which movement dedicated themselves to producing functional objects with high aesthetic value for a wide public?
Self-portraits
Mexican artist Frida Kahlo is best known for what kind of works?
La Madeleine
Napoleon's embrace of Neoclassicism as a means of linking his own reign to the ancient Roman Empire is embodied in which monument?
Frank Lloyd Wright
Organic architecture, Usonian houses, and the prairie style are architectural ideas associated with which architect?
Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity)
Otto Dix, George Grosz, and Max Beckmann were all associated with which artistic movement?
Iberian
Picasso completed his 1906-1907 portrait Gertrude Stein by incorporating features of what kind of sculpture?
Third and Fourth Styles
Robert Adam used elements from which Roman wall-painting style to create the decorations of the Etruscan Room at Osterley Park House?
Neo-Gothi
The 19th-century revival of historical architectural styles led Barry and Pugin to rebuild the Houses of Parliament in London in what style?
John Ruskin
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, including Millais and Rossetti, rejected Realism and based their artistic philosophy on the writings of which individual?
Color
The Romantic sensibility evident in the energy of Joseph Mallord William Turner's landscapes and seascapes relies on the emotive power of which element of his painting style?
Mural painting
The artists Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco are primarily known for works in which medium?
Straight photography
The clarity and lack of photographic manipulation in Alfred Stieglitz's The Steerage demonstrates his commitment to what photographic approach?
Impressionism
The clearly evident brushstrokes, the attention to light and atmosphere, and the loose handling of form in Impression: Sunrise qualify it as a prime example of which artistic style?
Pantheon
The colonnade of the Roman temple of Jupiter at Baalbek in Lebanon provided the inspiration for what building?
Georges Seurat
The color theory of 19th-century chemist Michel-Eugène Chevreul had particular influence on which Post-Impressionist artist?
Rococo
The conclusion of the debate in the French Royal Academy between advocates of color and advocates of form resulted in the ascendance of which style?
Surrealism
The concrete tangibility of Meret Oppenheim's sculptural Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure) (Luncheon in Fur) makes it a particularly effective example of what style of art?
Andrea Palladio
The design of Chiswick House by Boyle and Kent is regarded as a free variation on the work of which architect?
William Blake
The metal relief etching entitled Ancient of Days is the work of which leading Romantic artist?
Joseph Wright of Derby
The painting A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery was done by which artist?
Herculaneum and Pompeii
The renewed interest in classical antiquity of the 18th century can be credited to the archaeological discoveries at which sites?
French Rococo
The rustic setting, soft light, and feathery brushwork of Gainsborough's portrait of Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (Fig. 26-18) are elements of which style?
Greece
The severity for James Stuart's Neoclassical Temple of Theseus in Hagley Park takes its inspiration from the ruins he visited in which modern country?
English travelers
The vedute paintings of Antonio Canaletto were intended for which class of patron?
Surrealism
Though he shunned formal association with avant-garde groups, Paul Klee's interest in the unconscious, his employment of private symbols, and his desire to penetrate "the reality behind visible things" align him with what style?
Soviet Realism
Vera Mukhina's Worker and Collective Farm Woman (1937) conforms to what official Russian style of art, established in 1934?
The flatness and attention to the picture's surface
What aspect of The Tub reveals Degas's distinctly modernist exploration of the premises of painting?
African Americans
What cultural group forms the primary subject matter for the artist Jacob Lawrence?
An emotional response
What description best characterizes the response American audiences had upon encountering European and American modernist art at the Armory Show in 1913?
Industrial Revolution
What event transformed the economies of continental Europe and North America in the 18th century?
Persistence of vision
What illusionistic effect did Eadweard Muybridge's zoopraxiscope rely on to show his sequential images?
Avant=garde
What term is employed to describe the early-20th-century artists and movements that were ahead of their time and transgressed the limits of established art forms?
Thomas Eakins
Which American Realist artist who studied both painting and medicine believed that careful observation was a prerequisite for his art?
Mary Cassatt
Which American artist principally painted women and children with a combination of objectivity and genuine sentiment?
Margaret Bourke-White
Which Depression-era photographer made a reputation producing photographs and articles for popular illustrated magazines including Fortune and Life?
Marcel Duchamp
Which French artist played a significant role in American art history, exhibiting the controversial Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 in the Armory Show and figuring prominently in New York Dada?
Franz Marc
Which German Expressionist artist frequently employed animals in artwork, believing them to be more pure than humans, and thus more appropriate vehicles for expressing inner truth?
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Which Neoclassical artist of the first part of the 19th century looked firmly to the arts of Greek antiquity for his subjects and compositions?
Gustave Courbet
Which Realist painter relies on a naturalistic style that does not romanticize or idealize the everyday lived realities that his contemporary subjects endured?
Thomas Hart Benton
Which Regionalist artist completed the murals titled A Social History of the State of Missouri in 1936 for the Missouri State Capitol?
Caspar David Friedrich
Which Romantic artist was a leader in transcendental landscapes, a new painting genre of the 19th century?
Royal Pavilion, Brighton
Which Romantic-style building is a conglomeration of Islamic domes, minarets, and screens that has been called "Indian Gothic"?
Adolf Loos
Which architect railed against the excesses of the Art Nouveau style and wrote a 1908 polemic entitled Ornament and Crime?
William Hogarth
Which artist can be said to have translated English literary satire into the visual arts?
Vincent van Gogh
Which artist explored the capabilities of colors and distorted forms to express his emotions as he confronted nature?
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
Which artist illustrated the views of Rousseau by painting quiet scenes of domestic life that honored the simple goodness of ordinary people?
Edward Hopper
Which artist painted Nighthawks, the work that captures the overwhelming loneliness and isolation of Depression-era life in the United States?
Morisot
Which artist painted Summer's Day, a depiction of two well-dressed women in a boat, using the open brushwork and the plein air lighting characteristic of Impressionism?
Edvard Munch
Which artist produced both paintings and prints whose high emotional charge was a major source of inspiration for the German Expressionists in the early 20th century?
Edgar Degas
Which artist studied the photography of others, but also used the camera consistently to make preliminary studies for his own work?
Gertrude Käsebier
Which artist was a leading practitioner of the pictorial style in photography who became famous for photographs with Symbolist themes?
Paul Cézanne
Which artist, known for his still lifes, bathers, and landscape paintings of Mont Sainte-Victoire, declared he wanted to "make of Impressionism something solid and enduring"?
Die Brücke (The Bridge)
Which avant-garde movement was cofounded by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner?
Paris
Which city was the artistic center of the Rococo style?
Timothy O'Sullivan
Which early photographer used the new medium to produced documentary images of the immediate aftermath of Civil War battles?
Arcaded backdrop frames the composition
Which element in Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa has the artist, Antoine-Jean Gros, adapted from Oath of the Horatii by his teacher, Jacques-Louis David?
Marcel Duchamp
Which influential French artist was active in Paris as well as a central figure in New York Dada?
Contrasts of dark and brilliant colors in painted decor
Which is NOT a technique Balthasar Neumann used to adapt the Rococo style to ecclesiastical interiors?
Auguste Rodin
Which leading French sculptor of the later 19th century was known for a Realist sensibility and an interest in the effect of light on sculpted surfaces?
Symbolism
Which movement included artists who express their individual spirit, rejecting the optical world of daily life in favor of fantasy and imagination, as seen in this work by Gustave Moreau (Figure 28-26)?
Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer
Which of the following is NOT a colorist painting, instead relying on form and line?
Background made hazy and less detailed
Which of the following is NOT a technique Wright used to focus attention on the scientific instrument being demonstrated in the scene in Figure 26-11?
Voltaire
Which philosopher believed that the betterment of humanity lay in the advancement of science and the rational improvement of society?
Nadar
Which photographer became known for creating portraits of artists such as Delacroix, Daumier, and Courbet?
Dorothea Lange
Which photographer rose to prominence for depictions of Depression-era migratory farm workers made for the Resettlement Administration?
Winckelmann
Which scholar wrote Reflections on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture and established a model for the analysis of stylistic evolution in art?
Guaranty (Prudential) Building
Which structure best embodies Louis Sullivan's dictum "form follows function," expressing the relationship between the building's interior and its exterior?
Antonio Gaudi's Casa Milá
Which structure visually expresses its architect's approach, in which the building is conceived as a whole and molded as a sculptor might shape a figure from clay?
Eiffel Tower
Which structure was built for the great exhibition in Paris in 1889 and was originally seen as a symbol of modern Paris?
Art Nouveau
Which style developed out of the Arts and Crafts movement and adapted natural forms to the needs of architecture, painting, sculpture, and the decorative arts?
Fauvism
Which style is employed in Henri Matisse's intensely colored, shockingly bright painting titled Woman with the Hat?
Symbolism
Which style of art best describes James Ensor's large-scale, multi-figure canvas Christ's Entry into Brussels in 1889?
Post-Impressionism
Which style of art had its roots in Impressionist precepts and methods, though it was not stylistically homogeneous?
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Which work by Pablo Picasso incorporates radically abstracted bodies and heads in the form of African masks?
Walter Gropius
Who became the director of the Bauhaus in Germany in 1919?
Benjamin West
Who became the official painter to King George III and was a founding member of the Royal Academy of Arts?
Alfred Stieglitz
Who established the gallery at 291 Fifth Avenue in New York, which exhibited the latest in both European and American art?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Who was named first consul of the French Republic after leading the French army on several campaigns?
Hitler and the Nazis
Who was responsible for mounting the Degenerate Art exhibition in 1937?
Théodore Géricault
Who was the artist of the immense Romantic painting Raft of the Medusa, which took eight months to create?
Kandinsky and Marc
Who were the founding members of the German Expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider)?
De Stijl
With its open plan, emphasis on intersecting lines and planes, and restricted color scheme, Gerrit Rietveld's Schröder House represents the architectural corollary to what modern movement?
Art Deco
With its streamlined forms, dynamic rhythms, and alternating hard patterns, the Chrysler Building in New York is a masterpiece of what style?
