Assessment and Management of Patients with Allergic Disorders

An infant is born to a mother who had no prenatal care during her pregnancy. What type of hypersensitivity reaction does the nurse understand may have occurred? A. Bacterial endocarditis B. Rh-hemolytic disease C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Lupus erythematosus

B. Rh-hemolytic disease

A nurse is preparing a discharge teaching plan for a client with atopic dermatitis. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan? A. Keep the thermostat above 75 degrees F B. Use topical skin moisturizer daily C. Bathe only three times per week D. Wear only synthetic fabrics

B. Use topical skin moisturizer daily

A client reports to a health care provider's office for intradermal allergy testing. Before testing, the nurse provides client teaching. Which client statement indicates a need for further education? A. "I'll go directly to the pharmacy with my EpiPen prescription." B. "I may experience itching and irritation at the site of the testing." C. "If I notice tingling in my lips or mouth, gargling may help the symptoms." D. "The test may be mildly uncomfortable."

C. "If I notice tingling in my lips or mouth, gargling may help the symptoms."

In its attempt to suppress allergic responses, the body releases several chemicals which have a role in mediating physical reactions. Epinephrine, which interferes with vasoactive chemical release from mast cells, is instrumental in suppressing which type of hypersensitivity response? A. Type IV B. Type II C. Type I D. Type III

C. Type I

Which of the following is the most frequent route of exposure to a latex allergy? A. Parenteral B. Mucosal C. Inhalation D. Cutaneous

D. Cutaneous

The nurse is teaching a group of heath care workers about latex allergies. What reaction will the nurse teach the workers to be most concerned about with laryngeal edema? A. IgG antibodies B. Allergic contact C. Irritant contact D. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity

D. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity

The nurse is teaching a client about contact dermatitis. What type of contact dermatitis requires light exposure in addition to allergen contact? A. Phototoxic B. Allergic C. Irritant D. Photoallergic

D. Photoallergic

A patient asks the nurse if it would be all right to take an over-the-counter antihistamine for the treatment of a rash. What should the nurse educate the patient is a major side effect of antihistamines? A. Anorexia B. Sedation C. Diarrhea D. Palpitations

B. Sedation

A client has been having joint pain and swelling in the left foot and is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The symptoms began suddenly without any identifiable cause, and the client has significant joint destruction. What type of disease is this considered? A. A cause-and-effect relationship B. An alloimmunity disorder C. Autoimmune D. An exacerbation of a previous disorder

C. Autoimmune

Which body substance causes increase gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries, and constriction of bronchial smooth muscle? A. Serotonin B. Prostaglandin C. Histamine D. Bradykinin

C. Histamine

The nurse is working with a client with allergies. What will the nurse use to confirm allergies and decrease the risk of anaphylaxis? A. Nasal smear B. Peripheral blood smears C. Intradermal testing D. Punch biopsy

C. Intradermal testing

The nurse is evaluating the plan of care for a client with an allergic disorder who has a nursing diagnosis of deficient knowledge related to measures for allergy control. What client statement will indicate to the nurse that the outcome has been met? A. Client reports an absence of symptoms associated with the allergy B. Client identifies methods for reducing exposure risk to allergens C. Client demonstrates appropriate coping strategies for dealing with a chronic disorder D. Client states the need for coughing and deep breathing

B. Client identifies methods for reducing exposure risk to allergens

A client with an allergic disorder calls the nurse and asks what treatment is available for allergic disorders. The nurse explains to the client that there is more than one treatment available. What treatments would the nurse tell the client about? A. Sublingual-swallow immunotherapy (SLIT) B. Desensitization C. Sublingual-topical immunotherapy (STIT) D. Resensitization

B. Desensitization

T-cell deficiency occurs when which gland fails to develop normally during embryogenesis? A. Thyroid B. Thymus C. Adrenal D. Pituitary

B. Thymus

When assessing the skin of a client with allergic contact dermatitis, the nurse would most likely expect to find irritation at which area? A. Ankles B. Lower arms C. Dorsal aspect of the hands D. Plantar aspect of the feet

C. Dorsal aspect of the hand

A patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to a dose of penicillin. What should the nurse look for in the patient's initial assessment? A. The presence and location of pruritis B. Hypotension and tachycardia C. Dyspnea, bronchospasm, and/or laryngeal edema D. The severity of cutaneous warmth and flushing

C. Dyspnea, bronchospasm, and/or laryngeal edema

A client has had a "stuffy nose" and obtained an oxymetazoline nasal spray. What education should the nurse provide to the client in order to prevent "rebound congestion"? A. Use the medication every 4 hours to prevent congestion from recurring B. Be sure to use the nasal spray for at least 10 days to ensure the stuffiness is gone C. Only use the nasal spray for 3-4 days once every 12 hours D. Drink plenty of fluids

C. Only use the nasal spray for 3-4 days once every 12 hours

The nurse working in an allergy clinic is preparing to administer skin testing to a client. Which route is the safest for the nurse to use to administer the solution? A. Intravenous B. Intramuscular C. Subcutaneous D. Intradermal

D. Intradermal

After receiving a dose of penicillin, a client develops dyspnea and hypotension and the nurse suspects the client is experiencing an anaphylactic shock. What is the nurse's first action? A. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter B. Page an anesthesiologist immediately C. Administer epinephrine, as ordered D. Continue to monitor the client's vital signs

C. Administer epinephrine, as ordered

What education should the nurse provide to the patient taking long-term corticosteroids? A. The patient should take the medication only as needed and not take it unnecessarily B. The patient should discontinue using the drug immediately if weight gain is observed C. The patient should not stop taking the medication abruptly and should be weaned off of the medication D. Corticosteroids are relatively safe drugs with very few side effects

C. The patient should not stop taking the medication abruptly and should be weaned off of the medication

Which statement describes the clinical manifestations of a delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) allergic reaction to latex? A. They occur within minutes after exposure to latex B. They may worsen when hand lotion is applied before donning latex gloves C. They are localized to the area of exposure, usually the back of the hands D. They can be eliminated by changing glove brands, or using powder-free gloves

C. They are localized to the area of exposure, usually the back of the hands

A client calls the clinic and asks the nurse if using oxymetazoline nasal spray would be alright to relieve the nasal congestion he is experiencing due to seasonal allergies. What instruction should the nurse provide to the client to avoid complications? A. Report white patches in the mouth because the medication can cause a fungal infection B. Do not operate machinery or drive while using this medication C. Taper the dose when discontinuing the medication D. Do not overuse the medication as rebound congestion can occur

D. Do not overuse the medication as rebound congestion can occur

A client visits the employee health department because of mild itching and a rash on both hands. What will the employee health nurse focus on during the assessment interview? A. Laundry detergent or bath soap changes B. Chemical and latex glove use C. Life stressors the nurse may be experiencing D. Medication allergies

B. Chemical and latex glove use

The nurse is teaching a client about allergic rhinitis and its triggers. What is the most common trigger for the respiratory allergic response? A. Plant pollen B. Dust mites C. Mold spores D. Animal dander

A. Plant pollen

The nurse tells the client that if exposure to an ellergen occurs around 8:00 AM, then the client should expect a mild or moderate reaction by what time? A. 1:00 PM B. 10:00 AM C. 3:00 PM D. 11:00 AM

B. 10:00 AM

When evaluating a client's knowledge about the use of antihistamines, what statement indicates further education is required? A. "If I am pregnant, I should take half the dose." B. "Hard candy will relieve my dry mouth." C. "This medication may be taken with food." D. "I should be careful when driving."

A. "If I am pregnant, I should take half the dose."

A client has begun sensitivity testing to determine the allergen which caused an anaphylactic reaction 3 weeks ago. In scratch testing, which part of the body is more sensitivity to allergens? A. Back B. Chest C. Forearm D. Upper arm

A. Back

The nurse is talking to a group of community volunteers about food allergies. What are the foods that cause the most severe allergic reactions and result in the highest client death rates? A. Peanuts and tree nuts B. Seafood C. Milk and chocolate D. Berries and seeds

A. Peanuts and tree nuts

The nurse is administering intravenous vancomycin. What will the nurse initially assess the client for if an allergic reaction occurs? A. The presence and location of pruritis B. Dyspnea, bronchospasm, and/or laryngeal edema C. Hypotension and tachycardia D. The severity of cutaneous warmth and flushingT

B. Dyspnea, bronchospasm, and/or laryngeal edema

Which intervention is the single most important aspect for a client at risk for anaphylaxis? A. Prevention B. Desensitization C. Wearing medical alert bracelet D. Use of antihistamines

A. Prevention