Assessment Special/Inclusive Ed.
The best way to think about benchmark is as
Clocks at mile markers in a marathon
The process standard represented by understanding how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole is
Connections
What is the most important kind of validity for achievement tests
Content
If a student performs 30 words correct per minute above the fall benchmark, then shows no growth, performing equal to the benchmark in the winter, what is the best action to take?
Continue regular classroom instruction
When a situation is set for an observation
Contrived
Although there is considerable consistency in the behaviors sampled by diagnostic mathematics tests there is still a problem with
Curriculum match
The two primary potential advantages of teacher made tests are related to
Curriculum match sensitivity
Being able to formulate questions that can be addressed with data to collect is an example of the ______ content standard.
Data analysis and probability
Test manuals should include
Detailed directions and procedures
The best way to be sure that the teacher made test covers the content of instruction is to
Develop a table of specifications
The most appropriate achievement tests to use for planning individual interventions are
Diagnostic tests
It is apparent from research studies that
Different curricula result in different performance on different achievement tests
The most problematic aspect of supply questions is the
Difficulty in scoring
When a behavior is measured in terms of how long it lasts
Duration
Nonsense word fluency is a curriculum based measurement that measures
Early reading
An example of supply format for a test item is a(n)
Essay question
When a behavior is recorded in number of times it occurs
Frequency
A set of tools that measures outcomes that require maintenance and coordinated use of many skills are often called
General outcome measures
Recognition. That a three sided figure is a triangle is an example of the content standard of
Geometry
Probably the most appropriate test format to use with a student who does not read or write independently is
Hear-say
In current practice, the assessment of written language skills for advanced students usually involves
Holistic judgement of content
In deciding what content to include in a test, a guiding principle is to focus on
Important facts or relationships if the domain is complex
When test authors allow certain accomodations to be used, they
Should provide evidence that the accommodations produce scores with the same meaning
When an observer sits behind a one way mirror to observe what a child does the observation is considered
Unobtrusive
Representation refers to the
Use of symbols to organize, record and communicate mathematical ideas
In diagnostic testing of mathematics, the preferred practice might be to
Use teacher developed criterion referenced measure that parallels the curriculum.
Informal reading inventories are
Useful in determining a student's independent reading level.
All curriculum based measures share each of the following characteristics except
Usefulness for measuring progress toward long term goals
________ is a common decision making pitfall in curriculum based measurement
Worrying about students whose performance is above benchmark but does not grow between assessments
The best use of a group administered achievement test is for
Screening
Two major issues of curriculum based measurement procedures include
Screening and monitoring progress
Tests used in making important educational decisions for students should have reliability estimates of at least
.90
Your book authors recommended that there should be less than a ___ discrepancy between a majority groups proportion in the norm sample as compared to its proportion in the general population
5%
Increasing the difficulty of matching questions by providing more options than stems or by using an option more than once is
A procedure that is not recommended
In general the behaviors sampled by diagnostic math tests are
About the SA e across tests
The understanding of patterns, relations, and functions is part of the
Algebra content area
A way to measure intensity of behavior
Amplitude
Problem solving as described by NCTM is
Applying and adapting a variety of appropriate strategies
The assessment of critical thinking skills usually is
Assessed in the same way understanding of information is assessed.
If you had to develop a true false test, it would be important to
Avoid sweeping generalizations
Fill in supply items are useful for assessing
Knowledge obkectives
When a behavior is measured in terms of length of time between a signal to perform and the beginning of the behavior the characteristic being measured is
Latency
To compare a students performance on an achievement test to that of another student in the school district it is probably best to use
Local norms
The primary characteristic that an achievement test needs i n order to be useful in helping the diagnostician to pinpoint s students strengths and weaknesses is
Many Items
An example of select format for a test item is a(n)
Matching item
The following is an example of skill based measure
Math computation
NCTM specified give content standards including
Measurement
Scores on most curriculum based measures are expressed in words, sounds, or digits correct per
Minute
Sampling procedure that provides unbiased estimate of proportion of times that is very accurate in small intervals
Momentary time sampling
In general the relationship between the number of diagnostic mathematics tests and the number of diagnostic reading tests is that there are
More reading tests than math tests
In general, test publishers
Must prove their test is technically adequate
If an evaluator finds that the technical adequacy of a test is generally good, then
One should consider if it seems appropriate to use it for the specific student to be assessed.
An example of a general outcome measure
Oral reading fluency
A sampling procedure in which a behavior is scored if it occurs one or more times within an interval is called
Partial-interval recording
Teacher made testa are appropriate in making decisions related to
Placement of students in instructional groups
Problem solving is an example of a(n)
Process standard
The topics one should review in evaluating tests include
Purposes, content and assessment procedures, norms and scores, reliability and validity
Test content can be confirmed by
Reasoned rationale for the exclusion of certain content
An achievement test will provide misleading information if it is not
Relative to the curriculums content
Good technical adequacy of a test at minimum includes
Representative norms, reliable scores, and evidence for general validity
If an achievement test is being selected to assess the extent to which students have profited from school instruction the most important characteristic to look at is the
Specific content validity (match to school instruction)
A major difference between group administered achievement tests and diagnostic achievement tests is the
Specificity and density of content
To evaluate a test, reviewers were advised to use the
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
Behavior that call attention to student because of their repetitive nonfunctional nature and that result in the student being considered weird by fellow students are
Stereotypical behavior
Scores provided on most group administered achievement tests do not indicate
Student strengths and weaknesses
Desensitizing students to the presence of observers are ways to reduce ____ error
Systematic
If the purpose of a test is go compare students progress in comparison to other students
The test should provide normative scores
As part of content validity, the diagnostician might look not only at the specific skills assessed but also at
The way in which they are assessed
One major advantage of using curriculum based tools produced by teachers is that
They are aligned with school curricula
Curriculum based measures fit very well into multi tiered systems of support and response to intervention models in particular because
They can serve both screening and progress monitoring purposes
A strength of individually administered achievement test is that
They give examiners qualitative data on how a student goes about solving problems.
When selecting contexts in which to observe behavior a good rule of thumb is to observe in how many contexts?
Three
Almost any matching question can be
Transformed into multiple choice.
