Assignment 3-B

a. 9%

When water freezes, it can expand up to what percentage? a. 9% b. 29% c. 59% d. 79% e. 99%

e. hydration

Which of the following is considered a form of physical weathering? a. oxidation b. hydrolysis c. carbonation d. solution e. hydration

e. clay

Which of the following is the smallest grain size category for clastic particles? a. sand b. gravel c. silt d. regolith e. clay

d. mudflow

Which of the following typically involves the most water? a. soil creep b. rock slide c. rockfall d. mudflow e. debris slide

d. syncline.

A structural downfold is known as a(n): a. rift. b. anticline. c. overthrust. d. syncline. e. graben.

c. chunks of crust added to a continent by collision.

Accretion specifically refers to: a. the passage of geologic time. b. the rate of movement of a lithospheric plate. c. chunks of crust added to a continent by collision. d. the growth of continental shields. e. basalt erupting out of a mid-oceanic ridge.

d. point on the surface directly above where a fault rupture occurs.

An earthquake epicenter is the: a. point where the seismograph is located. b. point within Earth where movement along the fault occurs. c. geographic center of a group of related earthquakes. d. point on the surface directly above where a fault rupture occurs. e. the strongest in a series earthquake aftershocks.

e. oceanic crust collides with oceanic crust.

An island arc forms where: a. oceanic crust collides with continental crust. b. oceanic crust diverges from continental crust. c. continental crust collides with continental crust. d. continental crust diverges from continental crust.

c. limestone.

Carbonation most commonly impacts: a. quartzite. b. shale. c. limestone. d. granite. e. basalt.

d. tropical rainforest

Chemical weathering typically occurs most rapidly in which of the following environments? a. midlatitude desert b. arctic tundra c. tropical desert d. tropical rainforest e. high mountain peaks

b. sedimentary rock.

Coal is a: a. metamorphic rock. b. sedimentary rock. c. intrusive igneous rock. d. extrusive igneous rock. e. mineral.

c. cliffs.

Compared to less resistant rocks, rocks that are more resistant to weathering tend to form: a. low slope angles. b. valleys. c. cliffs. d. regolith. e. talus.

e. ancient crystalline rocks.

Continental shields are areas of: a. organic sedimentary rocks. b. pyroclastics. c. limestone. d. basalt. e. ancient crystalline rocks.

e. inner core.

Earth's internal structural layer with the highest material density is the: a. mantle. b. outer core. c. asthenosphere. d. crust. e. inner core.

a. are rigid and brittle.

Elastic solids: a. are rigid and brittle. b. flow slowly in response to stress. c. are melted rock matter. d. comprise the outer core. e. comprise the asthenosphere.

d. cultural artifacts from ancient humans.

Evidence for the movement of lithospheric plates does NOT include: a. trends of mountain ranges. b. evidence left by glaciations. c. paleomagnetic data. d. cultural artifacts from ancient humans. e. fossil plant evidence.

b. pyroclastics.

Explosive eruptions are associated with: a. low viscosity magma. b. pyroclastics. c. magma of low gas content. d. pahoehoe. e. aa.

e. erode, transport, and deposit sediment.

Geomorphic agents: a. are endogenic processes. b. tend to increase relief at Earth's surface. c. include tectonic and igneous processes. d. measure energy released in an earthquake. e. erode, transport, and deposit sediment.

a. 1 minute.

If we use a 24-hour day to represent Earth's history, humans would have existed for the last: a. 1 minute. b. 1 hour. c. 2 hours. d. 5 hours. e. 12 hours.

c. Cenozoic Era.

In geologic time, Earth is currently in the: a. Mesozoic Era. b. Paleozoic Era. c. Cenozoic Era. d. Tertiary Period. e. Jurassic Period.

c. mantle.

In terms of distance, the thickest internal structural layer of Earth is the: a. inner core. b. asthenosphere. c. mantle. d. crust. e. outer core.

a. coarse-grained.

Intrusive igneous rocks are: a. coarse-grained. b. clasts. c. regolith. d. chemical precipitates. e. rapidly cooled.

b. energy released in an earthquake.

Moment magnitude measures: a. energy released in a volcanic eruption. b. energy released in an earthquake. c. distance between an earthquake's epicenter and focus. d. damage done by a volcanic eruption. e. damage done by an earthquake.

e. associated with tensional tectonic forces.

Normal faults are: a. associated with forces that push rocks together. b. a type of strike-slip fault. c. associated with anticlines and synclines. d. associated with shearing tectonic forces. e. associated with tensional tectonic forces.

a. extrusive igneous rock.

Oceanic crust is composed of: a. extrusive igneous rock. b. intrusive igneous rock. c. limestone. d. shale. e. granite.

d. Missouri.

One of the most widely felt earthquakes in North America occurred in the early 1800s in: a. New Hampshire. b. Maryland. c. Alabama. d. Missouri. e. North Dakota.

d. debris.

Poorly sorted, unconsolidated Earth material that includes at least 20 percent gravel is called: a. rock. b. mud. c. talus. d. debris. e. soil.

c. friction.

Resistance to mass wasting is often associated with: a. earthquakes. b. steep slopes. c. friction. d. volcanic eruptions. e. debris.

e. oxidation.

Rusting is a form of weathering by: a. hydration. b. unloading. c. freeze-thaw. d. salt crystal growth. e. oxidation.

b. convection currents in the mantle.

Scientists today believe that the movement of lithospheric plates is caused by: a. gravitational attraction between Earth and the moon. b. convection currents in the mantle. c. Earth's revolution around the sun. d. the rapid shrinking of Earth's interior. e. polarity reversals.

b. North American and Pacific

The San Andreas Fault separates which two plates? a. Laurasian and Gondwanan b. North American and Pacific c. North American and Eurasian d. North American and South American e. North American and Caribbean

d. mantle only.

The asthenosphere lies in the: a. inner and outer core. b. mantle and crust. c. crust only. d. mantle only. e. outer core only.

e. bedding planes.

The boundaries between the distinct layers found in many sedimentary rocks are called: a. foliation. b. regolith. c. outcrops. d. rock cycles. e. bedding planes.

b. along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

The greatest concentration of destructive earthquakes lies: a. along the mid-oceanic ridges. b. along the Pacific Ring of Fire. c. in Australia. d. in the Appalachians. e. at hot spots.

b. shield volcanoes

The least violent volcanic eruptions usually come from which of the following? a. calderas b. shield volcanoes c. composite cones d. cinder cones e. plug domes

c. gravity.

The primary factor responsible for mass wasting is: a. water. b. wind. c. gravity. d. ice. e. waves.

d. faulting.

The slippage or displacement of rocks along a fracture surface is: a. jointing. b. plutonism. c. relief. d. faulting. e. folding.

a. geomorphology.

The study of the origin and development of landforms is specifically called: a. geomorphology. b. physical geography. c. geology. d. hydrology. e. seismology.

a. crust.

The thinnest structural layer within Earth is the: a. crust. b. inner core. c. outer core. d. lithosphere. e. mantle.

e. crystalline.

To be classified as a mineral, a substance must be: a. foliated. b. organic. c. regolith. d. accreted. e. crystalline.