Assignment 3 Endocrine System A and P

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

aldosterone.

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

aldosterone.

All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except

decreased heart rate and force of contraction.

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

diabetes mellitus.

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces

digestive enzymes.

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the

hypothalamus

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

polyuria.

Name the hormones of the thyroid gland

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of

aldosterone.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

nsulin.

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland.

Which structure secretes hormones involved in the stimulation and coordination of the immune response?

thymus

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thyroxine.

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

9

Define regulatory hormone.

A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Which of the following is mismatched?

A.endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other B. Autocrine communication — limited to the cell that secretes the chemical signal C. paracrine communication — molecules released in local area D. direct communication — small solutes travel through gap junctions E. synaptic communication — uses neurotransmitters that cross synapses Answer is A

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH.

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH.

What effect would increased cortisol levels have on blood glucose level?

Increased cortisol levels would increase blood glucose levels.

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all of the following except

OXT.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

PRL

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

PTH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH.

Define endocrine system. (Module 16.3A)

The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines.

Name the regions and zones of an adrenal gland from superficial to deep

The regions are adrenal capsule, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla. The zones are zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis.

Describe the two types of diabetes mellitus

The two types of diabetes mellitus are type 1, characterized by inadequate insulin production; and type 2, characterized by insulin resistance.

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems? (Module 16.1A)

To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces

androgens.

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

are produced by the adrenal medulla.

All of the following are targets for insulin except

blood cells.

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

build up bone.

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin.

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

calcitonin.

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except

carbohydrates.

Growth hormone does all of the following except

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes.

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.

endocrine; nervous

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

epinephrine

The adrenal medulla produces

epinephrine.

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

glucagon; insulin

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces

glucocorticoids.

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ________ which ________ blood sugar.

insulin; lowers

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

isthmus.

Increased amounts of light would inhibit the production of which hormone?

melatonin

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids.

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

suprarenal

The development of pubic hair in boys and girls before puberty is an effect of hormones produced by which adrenal region?

zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex

Define diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

The hypophyseal portal system

does not transport ADH and oxytocin. has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct. Answer All of the answers are correct