ASTR 1101 Midterm LSU Tabetha Boyajin (Based off HWs)

A "light year" is a way to measure distance. Select one: True False

True

ver 99% of all species are extinct. Select one: True False

True

Given the rate at which human activity is increasing CO2 levels, why can we not depend on the natural CO2 cycle to prevent global warming? a. It operates too slowly. b. The natural CO2 cycle no longer operates. c. It only removes small amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere.

a. It operates too slowly.

Which of the following worlds has the most substantial atmosphere? Select one: a. Venus b. Mars c. Mercury d. Earth e. the Moon

a. Venus

Neap tides occur when the lunar and solar tides _________, resulting in _________ tides. a. add; above average b. partially cancel out; below average c. add; below average d. partially cancel out; above average e. completely cancel out; no

b. partially cancel out; below average

When the northern hemisphere experiences fall, the southern hemisphere experiences a. fall b. spring c. winter d. summer

b. spring

The force of gravity that an object has is directly proportional to its a. inertia b. distance c. mass d. size e. density

c. mass

Which of the following does not have a major effect in shaping planetary surfaces? a. tectonics b. volcanism c. impact cratering d. magnetism e. erosion

d. magnetism

Excessive volcanism results in an overall cooling of planet. Select one: True False

True

Homosapiens have existed on Earth for about 150,000 years. This is about 0.1% of the time the dinosaurs roamed the Earth. This means that in about ~1,500,000 years from now we will have lived about ~1% as long as the dinosaurs. Select one: True False

True

If the distance between Earth and the Sun were smaller, the gravitational force between these two objects would be larger. Select one: True False

True

The Moon is constantly falling towards Earth Select one: True False

True

While, night after night, the stars seem not to move relative to each other, they are actually moving in random directions with relative to each other with typical velocities of about 70,000 km/hr. Select one: True False

True

Why are terrestrial planets denser than jovian planets? Select one: a. Only dense materials could condense in the inner solar nebula. b. The Sun's gravity gathered dense materials into the inner solar system. c. Actually, the jovian planets are denser than the terrestrial planets. d. Gravity compresses terrestrial planets to a higher degree, making them denser.

a. Only dense materials could condense in the inner solar nebula.

Spring tides occur at which phases of the Moon? a. new and full b. full c. third quarter d. first and third quarters e. new

a. new and full

The day with the smallest number of daylight hours over the course of the year for a person living in the northern hemisphere is the a. winter solstice (Dec. 22) b. vernal equinox (March 21) c. autumnal equinox (Sept. 23) d. The number of daylight hours is always the same. e. summer solstice (June 1)

a. winter solstice (Dec. 22)

If there is a first quarter Moon out tonight, approximately how long from now will it be in the third quarter phase? Select one: a. 2 weeks. b. 3 weeks. c. 1 month. d. 1 week. e. 3 to 4 days.

a. 2 weeks.

What makes the North Star, Polaris, special? Select one: a. It appears very near the north celestial pole. b. It is the star directly on your northern horizon. c. It is the star straight overhead. d. It is the brightest star in the sky. e. It can be used to determine your longitude on Earth.

a. It appears very near the north celestial pole.

Recent evidence suggests that Mars once had a global magnetic field. Assuming this is true, which of the following could explain why Mars today lacks a global magnetic field like that of Earth? Select one: a. Mars's interior has cooled so much its molten core layer no longer undergoes convection. b. Mars rotates much slower than Earth. c. Mars is too far from the Sun to have a global magnetic field. d. The Martian core is made of rock, while Earth's core is made of metal.

a. Mars's interior has cooled so much its molten core layer no longer undergoes convection.

Because of _____________, we can conclude that gravity works the same way on Mars as it does on Earth. Select one: a. The cosmological principle b. Newtons theory of relativity c. Sagan's planetary principle d. the hypothetical statute e. Einsteins special theory of relativity

a. The cosmological principle

If you go out at exactly 9 P.M. each evening over the course of 1 month, the position of a given star will move westward by tens of degrees. What causes this motion? Select one: a. Einsteins theory of relativity b. The revolution of the Moon around Earth c. the revolution of Earth around the Sun d. Earth's rotation on its axis e. The speed of the star through the Galaxy

c. the revolution of Earth around the Sun

he Orion Constellation is visible on winter evenings but not summer evenings because of Select one: a. interference from the full Moon. b. the precession of Earth's axis. c. the tilt of Earth's axis. d. the location of Earth in its orbit. e. baseball on television.

d. the location of Earth in its orbit.

Whether a planet will be rocky or gaseous depends on what important factor? Select one: a. whether the planet has moons or rings or both moons and rings b. the planet's internal temperature c. the planet's radius d. the planet's distance from the Sun e. the time at which the planet is born

d. the planet's distance from the Sun

According to the figure, if you were to specify your address in the universe, listing your membership from the smallest to largest physical structures, it would be: Select one: a. Earth, Laniakea Supercluster, Milky Way, Solar System, the universe. b. Earth, Local Group, Solar System, Andromeda, the universe. c. Earth, Solar System, Local Group, Milky Way, the universe. d. Earth, Solar System, Milky Way, Local Group, Laniakea Supercluster, the universe. e. Earth, Solar System, Milky Way, Laniakea Supercluster, the universe.

d. Earth, Solar System, Milky Way, Local Group, Laniakea Supercluster, the universe.

Which of the following worlds have the thinnest lithospheres? a. Earth and the Moon b. Earth and Mars c. Venus and the Moon d. Earth and Venus e. Mercury and Venus

d. Earth and Venus

Which of the following best describes convection? a. It is the process in which warm material gets even warmer and cool material gets even cooler. b. It is the process in which bubbles of gas move upward through a liquid c. It is the process in which a liquid separates according to density, such as oil and water separating in a jar. d. It is the process in which warm material expands and rises while cool material contracts and falls. e. It is the process by which rocks sink in water.

d. It is the process in which warm material expands and rises while cool material contracts and falls.

In regard to the phase of the Moon, the term "waxing* means a. becoming smaller b. more than half-illuminated. c. less than half-illuminated. d. illuminated area increasing. e. illuminated area decreasing.

d. illuminated area increasing.

On which day of the year does the Sun reach its northernmost point in the sky? a. vernal equinox b. winter solstice c. autumnal equinox d. summer solstice e. The sun always reaches the same altitude.

d. summer solstice

The altitude of the north star (Polaris) is equal to your latitude on Earth. At what latitude on Earth would the north celestial pole be at your Zenith? Select one: a. This can never happen b. +60 degrees c. +34 degrees d. +90 degrees e. 0 degrees

d. +90 degrees

If you see a full Moon tonight, approximately how long would you have to wait to see the next full Moon? a. 2 weeks b. 3 weeks c. 5 weeks d. 4 weeks e. 1 week

d. 4 weeks

If an object is moving in a circular orbit at a constant speed, which of the following is false? Select one: a. There is an unbalanced force acting on it. b. Its acceleration is not zero. c. Its velocity is not zero. d. Its acceleration is zero. e. All the above statements are true.

d. Its acceleration is zero.

In what ways is Earth different from the other terrestrial planets? a. Most of its surface is covered with liquid water. b. It has a much higher percentage of oxygen in its atmosphere c. Its lithosphere is broken into plates that move around d. Life can be found almost everywhere on its surface. e. All of the above are true.

e. All of the above are true.

At midnight it is sometimes possible to observe the crescent Moon on the meridian. Select one: True False

False

Historically, there is no link between increased CO2 levels and higher average temperatures Select one: True False

False

Speed and velocity are the same thing. Select one: True False

False

Which of the following is false? a. A scientific theory is an undisputed fact. b. If continual testing of a hypothesis shows it to be valid, it may become an accepted theory. c. A scientific theory may eventually be proven wrong when scientists acquire new data. d. Scientific observations are used to test a hypothesis e. A hypothesis must always have one or more testable predictions

a. A scientific theory is an undisputed fact.

Which of the following is not true about orbits? a. Orbits are always circular. b. An orbit is the path of an object in free fall around another object. c. Objects in orbits experience acceleration. d. Orbits are ellipses. e. Orbits can be circular.

a. Orbits are always circular.

Which of the following is false? a. The observed phase of the Moon changes over the course of one night. b. The phases of the Moon cycle with a period that is longer than its sidereal period. c. Everyone on Earth observes the same phase of the Moon on a given night. d. A full Moon can be seen on the eastern horizon at sunset. e. In some phases, the Moon can be observed during the day.

a. The observed phase of the Moon changes over the course of one night.

Which of the following is not considered evidence of cataclysmic impacts in the history of our Solar System? a. Valles Marineris on Mars is a huge canyon, many times deeper than the Grand Canyon here on Earth, which spans one-fourth the circumference of the planet. b. Mimas (a moon of Saturn) has a crater whose diameter is roughly one-third of the Moon's size. c. Mercury, Earth's Moon, and many other small bodies are covered with many impact craters. d. Uranus is "tipped over" so that it rotates on its side.

a. Valles Marineris on Mars is a huge canyon, many times deeper than the Grand Canyon here on Earth, which spans one-fourth the circumference of the planet.

Where are most of the known asteroids found? Select one: a. between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter b. between the orbits of the jovian planets c. in the Kuiper belt d. in the Oort cloud e. between the orbits of the terrestrial planets

a. between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

Where are most of the known asteroids found? Select one: a. between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter b. between the orbits of the terrestrial planets c. between the orbits of the jovian planets d. in the Oort cloud e. in the Kuiper belt

a. between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

Our universe is approximately 13.7 _________ years old. Select one: a. billion b. million c. thousand d. trillion

a. billion

Which of the following is not a factor that helps explain Earth's lack of craters compared to the Moon? Select one: a. higher density interior b. larger atmosphere c. active tectonics and volcanism d. wind erosion e. liquid water on surface

a. higher density interior

Why does Earth have the strongest magnetic field among the terrestrial worlds? Select one: a. it is the only one that has both a partially molten metallic core and reasonably rapid rotation b. it is the only one with a metallic core c. it rotates much faster than any other terrestrial world d. it is the most volcanically active world e. it is by far the largest terrestrial world

a. it is the only one that has both a partially molten metallic core and reasonably rapid rotation

You are standing on Earth's equator. Which way is Polaris, the North star? Select one: a. on the northern horizon b. The answer depends on what time of day (or night) it is. c. directly overhead d. 30 degrees up, due West e. The answer depends on whether it's winter or summer.

a. on the northern horizon

Galileo observed all of the following. Which observation offered direct proof of a planet orbiting the Sun? Select one: a. phases of Venus b. patterns of shadow and sunlight near the dividing line between the light and dark portions of the Moon's face c. four moons of Jupiter d. The Milky Way is composed of many individual stars.

a. phases of Venus

Suppose we look at two distant galaxies: Galaxy 1 is twice as far away as Galaxy 2. In that case, ________. Select one: a. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2 b. Galaxy 1 must be twice as big as Galaxy 2 c. Galaxy 2 must be twice as old as Galaxy 1 d. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at a later time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2

a. we are seeing Galaxy 1 as it looked at an earlier time in the history of the universe than Galaxy 2

The moon keeps the same hemisphere facing Earth because the _________ is equal to the _________. Select one: a. rotational period of Earth; orbital period of Earth b. rotational period of the Moon; orbital period of the Moon around Earth c. Orbital period of Earth; orbital period of the Moon around Earth d. orbital period of the Moon around Earth; rotational period of Earth e. rotational period of Earth; orbital period of the Moon around Earth

b. rotational period of the Moon; orbital period of the Moon around Earth

What is the importance of the carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle? Select one: a. It allows for an ultraviolet-absorbing stratosphere. b. It regulates the carbon dioxide concentration of our atmosphere, keeping temperatures moderate. c. It will prevent us from suffering any consequences from global warming. d. It makes the growth of continents possible.

b. It regulates the carbon dioxide concentration of our atmosphere, keeping temperatures moderate.

Tidal forces are caused by a. the weight of the water in the oceans on the ocean floor. b. the difference between the strength of the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on either side of Earth. c. the difference between the weight of the water on the ocean floor at high and low tide. d. the strength of the gravitation pull of the Moon and the Sun on Earth. e. the strength of the gravitation pull of the Moon on Earth.

b. the difference between the strength of the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on either side of Earth.

Rank the following in order of smallest to largest: -size of a typical galaxy - the width of a human hair - size of Pluto's orbit - distance to nearest star (other than the Sun) - one (1) light year Select one: a. the width of a human hair, size of Pluto's orbit, size of a typical galaxy, distance to nearest star (other than the Sun), one (1) light year b. the width of a human hair, size of Pluto's orbit, one (1) light year, distance to nearest star (other than the Sun), size of a typical galaxy c. the width of a human hair, size of Pluto's orbit, distance to nearest star (other than the Sun), size of a typical galaxy . A lightyear does not get ranked because it is not a unit of distance. d. size of a typical galaxy, the width of a human hair, size of Pluto's orbit, distance to nearest star (other than the Sun), one (1) light year e. the width of a human hair, one (1) light year, size of Pluto's orbit, distance to nearest star (other than the Sun), size of a typical galaxy

b. the width of a human hair, size of Pluto's orbit, one (1) light year, distance to nearest star (other than the Sun), size of a typical galaxy

Approximately how long after the Solar System formed did it take for oxygen to get to within 80 percent of its present abundance in Earth's atmosphere? Select one: a. 400 million years b. 4 billion years c. Oxygen was always a component of Earth's atmosphere d. 1 billion years e. 1 million years

b. 4 billion years

If an event were to take place on the Sun, how long would it take for the light it generates to reach us? a. It would reach us instantaneously b. 8 minutes c. 1 second d. 1 day e. 10 hours

b. 8 minutes

How does the greenhouse effect work? Select one: a. Greenhouse gases absorb X rays and ultraviolet light from the Sun, which then heat the atmosphere and the surface. b. Greenhouse gases transmit visible light, allowing it to heat the surface, but then absorb infrared light from Earth, trapping the heat near the surface. c. Ozone transmits visible light, allowing it to heat the surface, but then absorbs most of the infrared heat, trapping the heat near the surface. d. Greenhouse gases absorb infrared light from the Sun, which then heats the atmosphere and the surface. e. The higher pressure of the thick atmosphere at lower altitudes traps heat in more effectively.

b. Greenhouse gases transmit visible light, allowing it to heat the surface, but then absorb infrared light from Earth, trapping the heat near the surface.

In the absence of a greenhouse effect, what would happen to Earth's oceans? Select one: a. They would evaporate b. They would freeze over c. They would dissociate into ozone and hydrogen d. They would be rapidly absorbed into surface rocks

b. They would freeze over

Which of the following worlds has the greatest difference in temperature between its "no atmosphere" temperature and its actual temperature? Select one: a. Mercury b. Venus c. Mars d. the Moon e. Earth

b. Venus

The reason that small planets tend to lose interior heat faster than larger planets is essentially the same as the reason that Select one: a. gas bubbles form and rise upward in boiling water. b. a large baked potato takes longer to cool than a small baked potato. c. thunderstorms tend to form on hot summer days. d. Earth contains more metal than the Moon.

b. a large baked potato takes longer to cool than a small baked potato.

Which of the following best describes the Milky Way? Select one: a. a spherically shaped collection of stars including our solar system and about a dozen other solar systems, stretching about 4 light-years in diameter b. a spiral galaxy with a disk about 100,000 light-years in diameter and containing between 100 billion and 1 trillion stars c. Our star and all the material that orbits it, including its planets and moons. d. a spiral galaxy with a disk about 1 billion kilometers in diameter and containing between 100 million and 1 billion stars e. a spiral galaxy with a disk about 100,000 light-years in diameter and containing about 100,000 stars

b. a spiral galaxy with a disk about 100,000 light-years in diameter and containing between 100 billion and 1 trillion stars

At which lunar phase(s) are tides most pronounced (e.g., the highest high tides)? Select one: a. new moon b. both new and full moons c. full moon d. first quarter e. both first and third quarters

b. both new and full moons

In which direction on the horizon does a crescent moon rise? Select one: a. The Moon can become a crescent moon only after it has risen and changed its phase. b. east c. west d. south e. north

b. east

If the Moon is setting at midnight, the phase of the Moon must be Select one: a. third quarter b. first quarter c. waning crescent d. full. e. waxing crescent

b. first quarter

The celestial equator Select one: a. defines the path of the Sun through the stars, and it also defines the plane of the solar system. b. is a projection into space of Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere. c. is the technical name of the Sun's equator. d. is another name for the ecliptic

b. is a projection into space of Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere.

A person located on the equator is orbiting the center of the Earth to the East at 1670 km/s. Relative to the center of the Earth, a person on the North Pole is Select one: a. experiencing weightlessness. b. stationary, except spinning in-place once per day. c. moving at the same velocity to the East, since they are both on the same planet in space. d. not moving at all. e. moving toward the South at the same velocity.

b. stationary, except spinning in-place once per day.

Which of the following properties of an astronaut changes when he or she is standing on the Moon, relative to when the astronaut is standing on Earth? Select one: a. nothing changes b. weight c. mass d. They lose the ability to see in color while on the Moon (everything is black and white) e. inertia

b. weight

If Earth's axis were tilted by 35° instead of its actual tilt, how would the seasons be different than they are currently? a. summers would be shorter b. winters would be colder c. Winters would be shorter d. The seasons would remain the same e. Summers would be colder

b. winters would be colder

Rank the five terrestrial worlds in order of size from smallest to largest. a. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars b. Mercury, Moon, Mars, Earth, Venus c. Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth d. Mercury, Moon, Venus, Earth, Mars e. Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

c. Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth

Which of the following statements about the celestial sphere is NOT true? a. When we look in the sky, the stars all appear to be located on the celestial sphere. b. The celestial sphere does not exist physically c. The "celestial sphere" is just another name for our universe. d. Earth is placed at the center of the celestial sphere. e. From any location on Earth, we can see only half the celestial sphere at any one time

c. The "celestial sphere" is just another name for our universe.

Which is not a reason that we suspect that the extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by an explosive impact by an explosive object? Select one: a. Many dinosaur fossils are found below the K-T boundary, but none above it. b. The material in the K-T boundary is rich in iridium c. The remaining meteorite has been identified on the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico. d. Soot is found in the material in the K-T boundary, which probably came from fires caused by the impact. e. An impact crater has been found near Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.

c. The remaining meteorite has been identified on the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico.

Which two factors are critical to the existence of the carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle on Earth? a. life and atmospheric oxygen b. active volcanism and active tectonics c. plate tectonics and liquid water oceans d. life and active volcanism

c. plate tectonics and liquid water oceans

The age of our solar system is approximately Select one: a. 10,000 years. b. 14 billion years. c. 4.6 billion years. d. 4.6 million years. e. 3.8 million years.

c. 4.6 billion years.

Which of the following is true about a comet that is on an elliptical orbit around the Sun? Select one: a. The comet's speed is greatest when it is farthest from the Sun. b. This comet's speed is zero. c. The comet's speed is greatest when it is nearest the Sun. d. The comet's speed is constant because its mass and the Sun's mass stay approximately the same. e. The eccentricity is very low.

c. The comet's speed is greatest when it is nearest the Sun.

What happens during the apparent retrograde motion of a planet? Select one: a. The planet moves backward through the sky over the course of a night. b. The planet moves through constellations that are not part of the zodiac. c. The planet appears to move westward with respect to the stars over a period of many nights. d. The planet moves backward in its orbit around the Sun. e. The planet rises in the west and sets in the east.

c. The planet appears to move westward with respect to the stars over a period of many nights.

Why would the weather become more severe as the greenhouse effect increased? Select one: a. Warming of the planet would lead to terrible droughts and reduce the amount of water on Earth. b. The depleted ozone layer would let in more particles from the solar wind. c. Warming would increase the evaporation of the oceans, leading to more water in the atmosphere and more frequent and severe storms. d. all of the above e. Warming would dry out the atmosphere and the crust, leading to devastation of Earth through more meteor bombardment and volcanism.

c. Warming would increase the evaporation of the oceans, leading to more water in the atmosphere and more frequent and severe storms.

Which internal energy source is the most important in continuing to heat the terrestrial planets today? Select one: a. differentiation b. accretion c. radioactivity d. all of the above e. tidal heating

c. radioactivity

What is the primary basis upon which we divide the ingredients of the solar nebula into four categories (hydrogen/helium; hydrogen compound; rock; metal)? Select one: a. the locations of various materials in the solar nebula b. the atomic mass numbers of various materials c. the temperatures at which various materials will condense from gaseous form to solid form d. the amounts of energy required to ionize various materials

c. the temperatures at which various materials will condense from gaseous form to solid form

The direction directly overhead of an observer defines his or her a. circumpolar plane b. nadir c. zenith d. meridian e. celestial pole

c. zenith

Which of the following statements is not an observed pattern of motion in our solar system? Select one: a. Almost all moons orbit their planet in the same direction as the planet's rotation. b. Most planetary orbits lie nearly in the same plane. c. All planets orbit the Sun in the same direction. d. Most planets orbit at the same speed. e. Most planets rotate in the same direction in which they orbit.

d. Most planets orbit at the same speed.

All the following statements are true. Which one follows directly from Kepler's third law? Select one: a. Venus has a thicker atmosphere than Mercury. b. Venus is more massive than Mercury. c. Venus takes longer to rotate than it does to orbit the Sun. d. Venus orbits the Sun at a slower average speed than Mercury.

d. Venus orbits the Sun at a slower average speed than Mercury.

A planet is most likely to have tectonic activity if it has Select one: a. a dense atmosphere. b. low surface gravity. c. high surface gravity. d. high internal temperature. e. low internal temperature.

d. high internal temperature.

What do we mean by accretion in the context of planet formation? Select one: a. the growth of the Sun as the density of gas increased in the center of the solar nebula b. the solidification of ices, rocks, and metal from the gas of the solar nebula c. the formation of moons around planets d. the growth of planetesimals from smaller solid particles that collided and stuck together

d. the growth of planetesimals from smaller solid particles that collided and stuck together

The figure shows the continental plates of Earth and the locations of volcanoes and earthquakes. Which statement is FALSE? a. Southern California in the United States and Baja in Mexico are sliding northeastward relative to the rest of the North American Plate. b. Volcanoes occur more often where two plates are coming together rather than spreading apart. c. Earth's crust is broken up into 13 separate continental plates. d. Earthquakes happen where two plates come together and when they spread apart. e. The Atlantic Ocean is getting smaller with time

e. The Atlantic Ocean is getting smaller with time

Which of the following is a characteristic of the early Solar System, based on current observations? Select one: a. Temperatures remained constant with distance from the Sun due to conservation of energy. b. The early solar nebula must have been shaped like a hotdog bun. c. The first objects to form started out very large, and disintegrated into smaller and smaller sizes over time. d. The material from which the planets formed was swirling about the Sun in lots of mini epicycles oriented randomly in direction. e. The composition of the solar nebula varied between its inner and outer regions.

e. The composition of the solar nebula varied between its inner and outer regions

Suppose the Moon's orbit were unchanged, but it rotated faster (meaning it did not have synchronous rotation). Which of the following would be true? a. The Moon would go through its cycle of phases (from one new Moon to the next) in less time than it does now. b. Tides would be stronger; that is, higher high tides and lower low tides c. All of the above are true. d. High tides would occur more frequently than they do now. e. We would no longer always see nearly the same face of the Moon.

e. We would no longer always see nearly the same face of the Moon.

What is a protostar? a. a planet like Jupiter b. a star with too much angular momentum c. a hot star d. a large ball of gas too hot at its core to be a star e. a large ball of gas not yet hot enough at its core to be a star

e. a large ball of gas not yet hot enough at its core to be a star

The icy planetesimals that remain in the solar system today are called a. meteorites b. moons c. pokemon d. asteroids e. comets

e. comets

In science, an idea that cannot be tested is Select one: a. a theory. b. a hypothesis. c. a fact d. a principle. e. not a scientific idea.

e. not a scientific idea.

What would happen if photosynthesis were to disappear on Earth? Select one: a. the atmosphere would become hotter. b. the atmosphere would become less dense. c. the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere would decrease. d. nitrogen would disappear from the atmosphere. e. oxygen would disappear from the atmosphere.

e. oxygen would disappear from the atmosphere.

Suppose an earthquake occurs on an imaginary planet. Scientists on the other side of the planet detect P-waves but not S-waves after the quake occurs. This suggests that: Select one: a. all of the planet's interior is solid b. the planet's interior consists entirely of rocky materials. c. the planet has an iron core. d. The planet's mantle is liquid. e. part of the planet's interior is liquid

e. part of the planet's interior is liquid

When we see a region of a planet that is not as heavily cratered as other regions, we conclude that a. there is little volcanic activity to create craters. b. the planet formed after the age of bombardment and missed out on getting hit by leftover planetesimals. c. the surface in the region is older than the surface in more heavily cratered regions d. the planet is rotating very slowly and only one side was hit by impactors. e. the surface in the region is younger than the surface in more heavily cratered regions.

e. the surface in the region is younger than the surface in more heavily cratered regions.

Which of the following statements is not an observed pattern of motion in our solar system? a. Most planetary orbits lie nearly in the same plane b. All planets orbit the Sun in the same direction. c. Most planets rotate in the same direction in which they orbit. d. Almost all moons orbit their planet in the same direction as the planet's rotation e. Most planets orbit at the same speed

e. Most planets orbit at the same speed

Which of the following statements about the Moon is true? Select one: a. If you see a new Moon from North America, someone in South America would see a full Moon. b. The Moon goes through a cycle of phases because it always has the same side facing Earth. c. The side of the Moon facing away from Earth is in perpetual darkness. d. The moon is only visible at night e. The Moon's distance from Earth varies during its orbit.

e. The Moon's distance from Earth varies during its orbit.

What conditions are required for a lunar eclipse? Select one: a. The phase of the Moon can be new or full, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun. b. The phase of the Moon must be full, and the Moon's orbital plane must lie in the ecliptic. c. The phase of the Moon must be new, and the Moon's orbital plane must lie in the ecliptic. d. The phase of the Moon must be new, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun. e. The phase of the Moon must be full, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun.

e. The phase of the Moon must be full, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun.

Which of the following is farthest from the Sun? Select one: a. Pluto b. Neptune c. an asteroid in the asteroid belt d. a comet in the Kuiper belt e. a comet in the Oort belt

e. a comet in the Oort belt

Which of the following best describes the modern definition of a constellation? a. a group of stars that all lie at about the same distance from Earth b. a pattern of bright stars in the sky c. a Greek mythological figure d. a collection of stars that are near one another in space e. a region of the celestial sphere

e. a region of the celestial sphere

Astronauts orbiting Earth in the space shuttle experience so-called weightlessness in space because Select one: a. they eat less food while in orbit. b. they are farther away from Earth. c. they are in space where there is no gravity. d. the gravitational pull of the Moon counteracts Earth's gravitational pull. e. they are in constant free fall around Earth.

e. they are in constant free fall around Earth.