Astronomy 051 Review - Lesson 2
Aristotle
Who theorized that the universe with two types of motion: towards away from and around? Eratosthenes Aristotle Ptolemy Aristarchus
Tycho Brahe
Who tried to prove heliocentric universe was wrong? Nicholas Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Tycho Brahe
Galileo Galilei
Who was the first astronomer to use a telescope? Nicholas Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brache
Who's model was geocentric with the sun and moon revolving around Earth, but the planets revolved around the sun?
Closed orbits
How does the moon and satellites orbit the earth?
FALSE (ancient Greek astronomers, such as Aristotle and Eratosthenes, believed the earth was a sphere.)
T/F: All early astronomers before Copernicus believed that the world was flat.
TRUE Ptolemy invented epicycles to explain retrograde motion.
T/F: Epicycles are smaller spheres attached to the larger deferents.
TRUE Aristotle concluded that Earth must be a sphere. Eratosthenes measured the circumference of Earth.
T/F: People of ancient Greece believed the world was shaped like a sphere
TRUE Remember Kepler's Second Law: the area swept out by a planet will be equal for equal times. One result of this is that the closer planets are to the Sun, the faster they move in their orbits.
T/F: Planets in orbits closer to the Sun move faster than planets in orbits further away.
TRUE (the synodic period is based on Earth-bound observation, and the sidereal period is based on an outside perspective.)
T/F: The synodic period is the amount of time for a planet to move from one configuration to the next identical configuration.
Open orbit
What keeps the moon and artificial satellites in orbit?
Tycho Brahe amassed a large number of precise measurements of stellar and planetary positions in the sky.
What was Tycho Brahe's greatest contribution to astronomy? He first used the telescope to make extensive astronomical observations. He determined that the planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits. He proposed some simple laws that govern the motion of the planets and other objects. He developed a model of the solar system in which the Sun was at the center. He amassed a large number of precise measurements of stellar and planetary positions in the sky.
e. The shape of a planet's orbit is an ellipse
Which of the following is NOT one of Galileo's major astronomical discoveries? a. Venus goes through phases. b. The Sun has spots and rotates. c. The Moon has mountains, valleys, and craters. d. Jupiter is orbited by moons. e. The shape of a planet's orbit is an ellipse.
Aristotle
Who believed Earth was at the center of universe and called his model "geocentric universe"?
Plato
Who believed in uniform circular motion and argues that the heavens are perfect?
Aristarchus
Who believed that the Sun was at the center of the universe? Eratosthenes Aristotle Ptolemy Aristarchus
Eratosthenes
Who calculated the circumference/ radius of Earth? Eratosthenes Aristotle Ptolemy Aristarchus
Kepler
Who came up with the idea that the motions of planets are describes as an ellipse?
Copernicus
Who could explain retrograde motion without epicycles?
Eudoxus
Who explained the motions in the heavens by means of nested spheres rotating about various axes at different rates?
Ptolemy
Who invented epicycles to explain retrograde motion? Eratosthenes Aristotle Ptolemy Aristarchus
Kepler
Who pointed out that planetary orbits are actually ellipses, not circles?
Albert Einstein Einstein called this phenomenon "gravitational lensing."
Who proposed the idea that gravity could actually bend light? Johannes Kepler Tycho Brahe Isaac Newton Albert Einstein
Thales
Who said the universe could be understood?
Johannes Kepler
Who theorized that planets do not move at uniform speeds throughout their orbits?(Ellispe) Nicholas Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Tycho Brahe
Nicholas Copernicus
Who was the first modern astronomer to believe in a heliocentric universe? Nicholas Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Tycho Brahe